In-vivo Partial Cellular Reprogramming
Delivery mechanisms, epigenetic-clock effects in models, dedifferentiation risk, and translational bottlenecks.
Advanced Therapeutics
Advanced therapeutics covers experimental biomedical approaches that aim to modify mechanisms linked to ageing biology, such as epigenetic state, immune function, extracellular matrix damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and stem-cell signalling. This section is a research map, not a recommendation guide: it focuses on what has been studied, what the evidence shows, and where translation remains uncertain.
Immune Rejuvenation
Research on immunosenescence, thymic involution, inflammaging, and engineered immune-cell approaches.
Gene Therapies for Ageing
Experimental targets such as follistatin, telomerase, and Klotho, with attention to vector limits and human translation.
Targeted Delivery Systems
AAV tropism, lipid nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, biodistribution, redosing, and immune-response limits.
Heterochronic Parabiosis and TPE
Parabiosis findings, the addition-versus-dilution debate, and what plasma-exchange studies do and do not show.
Stem Cell Therapies and Exosomes
Whole-cell approaches, mesenchymal stem-cell evidence, extracellular vesicles, and standardization challenges.
ECM Rejuvenation and Crosslink Breakers
The role of glucosepane and advanced glycation end-products in tissue stiffening, and experimental attempts to cleave crosslinks.
Mitochondrial Transfer and Allotopic Expression
Allotopic-expression concepts, mitochondrial transfer research, and the limits of current evidence.