Independent public reference library

Ageing biology, biomarkers, interventions, and research literacy.

Research Bibliography

Authors Title Journal Year DOI/Link
Medawar, P. BAn Unsolved Problem of Biology—1952—
Harman, DAging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistryJournal of Gerontology1956—
Williams, G. CPleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescenceEvolution1957—
Katz, S., et alStudies of illness in the agedThe index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function1963https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
Hamilton, W. DThe moulding of senescence by natural selectionJournal of Theoretical Biology1966—
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. MAssessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily livingGerontologist, 9(3), 179–1861969https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
Kirkwood, T. B. LEvolution of ageingNature1977—
Kirkwood, T. B. L., Holliday, RThe evolution of ageing and longevityProceedings of the Royal Society of London B1979—
Fries, J. FAging, natural death, and the compression of morbidityMilbank Quarterly, 58(2), 397-4191980https://varifo.ch/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/830427fries.pdf
Fries, J. FThe compression of morbidityThe Lancet1983https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7482385/
Baker, G. T., & Sprott, R. LBiomarkers of agingExperimental Gerontology, 23(4-5), 223-2391988https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3058488/
Rose, M. REvolutionary Biology of Aging—1991—
Guralnik, J. M., et alA short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admissionJournal of Gerontology, 49(2), M85–M941994https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/9409918
Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. MThe disablement processSocial Science & Medicine, 38(1), 1-141994https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8146699/
Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. DThe Global Burden of DiseaseHarvard School of Public Health1996—
Fried, L. P., & Guralnik, J. MDisability in older adults: evidence regarding significance, etiology, and risk—1997https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8994496/
Martin, PWound healing--aiming for perfect skin regenerationScience1997https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.276.5309.75
Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Foley, D., et alMidlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disabilityJAMA, 281(6), 558-5601999https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.6.558
Schmelzle, T., & Hall, M. NTOR, a central controller of cell growthCell2000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11057898/
Kirkwood, T. B. L., Austad, S. NWhy do we age?Nature2000—
Mitnitski, A. B., Mogilner, A. J., & Rockwood, KAccumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging—2001https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6084020/
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., et alFrailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotypeThe Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 56(3), M146-M1572001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11253156/
Marteau, T. M., & Lerman, CGenetic risk and behavioural changeBMJ, 322, 1056-10592001https://www.bmj.com/content/322/7293/1056
Guralnik, J. MChronological and functional ageingIn Encyclopedia of Aging (2nd ed.)2002https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0470846410.ch13
Hubert, H. B., et alLifestyle and the compression of morbidity—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023263/
Stern, YWhat is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept—2002https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617702813248
Thesleff, IDevelopmental biology and building a toothCurrent Opinion in Genetics & Development2003https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X03000039
Rantanen, T., Volpato, S., Ferrucci, L., et alHandgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: exploring the mechanismJournal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(5), 636-6412003https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Trifunovic, A. et alPremature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymeraseNature2004https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02517
Freedman, V. A., et alResolving inconsistencies in trends in old-age disability—2004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15461008/
Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, GUntangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3028599/
Gill, T. M., et alHospitalization, restricted activity, and the development of disability among older personsJAMA, 292(17), 2115-21242004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15523072/
Conboy, I. M. et alRejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environmentNature2005https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03260
Kirkwood, T. B. LSystems biology of ageing and longevityPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B2005—
Blagosklonny, M. VAging is quasi-programmed: from growth to hyperfunction to deathAging2006—
Sanchez Alvarado, A., Tsonis, P. ABridging the regenerative gap: genetic insights from diverse animal modelsNature Reviews Genetics2006https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg1879
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, SInduction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factorsCell2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904174/
Rando, T. AStem cells, ageing and the quest for immortalityNature2006https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04958
Scadden, D. TThe stem cell nicheNature2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16799783/
Yu, J. et alInduced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cellsScience2007https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151526
Takahashi, K. et alInduction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factorsCell2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18035408/
Commission on Social Determinants of HealthClosing the gap in a generationWorld Health Organization2008https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241563703
Brockes, J. P., Kumar, AComparative aspects of animal regenerationAnnual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology2008https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175336
Oldenhuis, C. N. A. M., Oosting, S. F., Gietema, J. A., & de Vries, E. G. EPrognostic versus predictive value of biomarkers in oncologyEuropean Journal of Cancer, 44(7), 946-9532008https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959804908002335
Morrison, S. J., Spradling, A. CStem cell niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout lifeCell2008https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867408002776
Gurtner, G. C. et alWound repair and regenerationNature2008https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07039
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., et alAdded value of physical performance measures in predicting adverse health-related events: results from the Health ABC StudyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(2), 251-2592009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19170785/
Huang, Y., & Pepe, M. SBiomarker evaluation and comparison using the controls as a reference populationBiostatistics, 10(2), 228-2442009https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article/10/2/228/259645
Abellan van Kan, G., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., et alGait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older peopleJournal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 13(10), 881-8892009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19812893/
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Penninx, B. W., et alPrognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people—results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition StudyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(10), 1675-16802005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16181165/
Harrison, D. E. et alRapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous miceNature2009https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08221
Poss, K. DAdvances in understanding tissue regenerative capacity and mechanisms in animalsNature Reviews Genetics2010https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2879
Galliot, B., Ghila, LCellular and molecular mechanisms of regeneration in HydraDevelopmental Biology2010https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160610003082
Bossuyt, P. MClinical validity: defining biomarker performanceScandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Supplement, 70(242), 46-522010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20515277/
Li, L., Clevers, HCoexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammalsScience2010https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1192275
Bely, A. E., Nyberg, K. GEvolution of animal regeneration: re-emergence of a fieldTrends in Ecology & Evolution2010https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534709002912
Makary, M. A., Segev, D. L., Pronovost, P. J., et alFrailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20510798/
Cooper, R., Kuh, D., & Hardy, RObjectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2938886/
Ricklefs, R. EInsights from comparative analyses of aging in birds and mammalsAging Cell2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2858791/
Crimmins, E. M., & Beltrán-Sánchez, HMortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5486403/
Alibardi, LReview: Tail regeneration in lizardsJournal of Experimental Zoology Part B2010https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.b.21367
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., et alSarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis (EWGSOP)—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886201/
Gill, T. MAssessment of function and disability in longitudinal studiesJournal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58 Suppl 2, S308-S3122010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029063/
Gill, T. M., et alChange in disability after hospitalization or restricted activity in older personsJAMA, 304(17), 1919-19282010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21045098/
Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., Weaver, V. MThe extracellular matrix at a glanceJournal of Cell Science2010https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/123/24/4195/32071/The-extracellular-matrix-at-a-glance
Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., et alA review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approachAge and Ageing, 40(4), 423-4292011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Crimmins, E. MBiomarkers related to aging in human populationsCurrent Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2011, 4717382011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5938178/
Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., et alGait speed and survival in older adultsJAMA, 305(1), 50-582011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205966/
Hanahan, D., Weinberg, R. AHallmarks of cancer: the next generationCell2011https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867411001279
Youle, R. J., & Narendra, D. PMechanisms of mitophagyNature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2011https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3028
Bohannon, R. W., & Williams Andrews, ANormal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysisPhysiotherapy, 97(3), 182-1892011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21722974/
Salthouse, T. AInfluence of age on practice effects in longitudinal neurocognitive changeNeuropsychology2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2933088/
Kirkwood, T. B. L., Melov, SOn the programmed/non-programmed nature of ageing within the life historyCurrent Biology2011—
Tanaka, E. M., Reddien, P. WThe cellular basis for animal regenerationDevelopmental Cell2011https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580711002983
Traphagan, J. WTragedy and delight: the ethics of decelerated ageingJournal of Medical Ethics, 37(9), 556-5592011https://jme.bmj.com/content/37/9/556
Dykiert, D. et alAge Differences in Intra-Individual Variability in Simple and Choice Reaction TimePsychology and Aging2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3469552/
Conboy, I. M., Rando, T. AAging, stem cells and tissue regeneration: lessons from muscleCell Stem Cell2012https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590912004184
Koolhaas, W., et alAssociations between chronological age, functional age and work outcomesEuropean Journal of Public Health, 22(3), 424–4292012https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/22/3/424/506558
Barnett, K., et alEpidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: A cross-sectional studyThe Lancet, 380(9836), 37-432012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579043/
Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. MmTOR signaling in growth control and diseaseCell2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3331679/
—The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012. NobelPrize.org—2012https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/summary/
Jernvall, J., Thesleff, ITooth shape formation and tooth renewal: evolving with the same signalsDevelopment2012https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/139/19/3487/45562/Tooth-shape-formation-and-tooth-renewal
Cheung, C.-L., Nguyen, U.-S. D. T., Au, E., Tan, K. C., & Kung, A. W. CAssociation of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidityAge (Dordr), 35(3), 929-9412013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Horvath, SDNA methylation age of human tissues and cell typesGenome Biology, 14(10), R1152013https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13229
Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, KFrailty in elderly peopleLancet, 381(9868), 752-7622013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4098658/
Peel, N. M., Kuys, S. S., & Klein, KGait speed as a measure in geriatric assessment in clinical settings: a systematic reviewJournal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 68(1), 39-462013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22989186/
Hannum, G., et alGenome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging ratesGenome Research, 23(12), 2124-21322013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12539533/
Giorgio, M. et alReactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of agingFree Radical Biology and Medicine2013https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.011
Rodriguez-Manas, L., Feart, C., Mann, G., et alSearching for an operational definition of frailty: a Delphi method based consensus statement—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3598366/
Palmer, D. BThe Effect of Age on Thymic FunctionFrontiers in Immunology2013https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00316/full
Lopez-Otin, C. et alThe Hallmarks of AgingCell2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
Clevers, HThe intestinal crypt, a prototype stem cell compartmentCell2013https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867413004055
Gemberling, M. et alThe zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regenerationNature Reviews Genetics2013https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg3561
Martin-Ruiz, C., et alBiomarkers of healthy ageing: expectations and validationProceedings of the Nutrition Society2014https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/biomarkers-of-healthy-ageing-expectations-and-validation/5710EA381976F548980F7A3EA54FC09C
Salthouse, T. AWhy are there different age relations in cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of cognitive functioning?Current Directions in Psychological Science2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4219741/
Jones, O. R. et alDiversity of ageing across the tree of lifeNature2014—
Afilalo, J., Alexander, K. P., Mack, M. J., et alFrailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults—2014https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p219.html
Kennedy, B. K., Berger, S. L., Brunet, A., et alGeroscience: linking aging to chronic diseaseCell, 159(4), 709-7132014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4852871/
Alley, D. E., Shardell, M. D., Peters, K. W., et alGrip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weaknessJournal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 69(5), 559-5662014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Mannick, J. B. et almTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderlyScience Translational Medicine2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25540326/
Zhang, Y. et alRapamycin extends life and health in C57BL/6 miceJournals of Gerontology: Series A2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23682161/
Eming, S. A., Martin, P., Tomic-Canic, MWound repair and regeneration: mechanisms, signaling, and translationScience Translational Medicine2014https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337
Marengoni, A., et alAging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literatureAgeing Research Reviews, 10(4), 430-4392011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21402176/
Sayer, A. A., & Kirkwood, T. B. LGrip strength and mortality: a biomarker of ageing? The Lancet, 386(9990), 226-227—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Crimmins, E. MLifespan and healthspan: past, present, and promiseGerontologist, 55(6), 901-9112015—
Pinto, M., & Moraes, C. TMechanisms linking mtDNA damage and agingFree Radical Biology and Medicine2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4508218/
Middleton, A., Fritz, S. L., & Lusardi, MWalking speed: the functional vital signJournal of Aging and Physical Activity, 23(2), 314-3222015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24812254/
Weuve, J., et alGuidelines for reporting methodological challenges and evaluating potential bias in dementia researchAlzheimer's & Dementia2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4655106/
Sharpe, P. TDental stem cellsDevelopment2016https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/143/13/2273/47703/Dental-stem-cells
Chen, B. H., et alDNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting mortalityAging Cell, 15(4), 686-6982016https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13229
Seals, D. R., et alDOI: 10.1113/JP270805—2016—
Sen, P. et alEpigenetic mechanisms of longevity and agingCell2016https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867416303074
Dent, E., Kowal, P., & Hoogendijk, E. OFrailty measurement in research and clinical practice: a review—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27039014/
Ocampo, A. et alIn vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogrammingCell2016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.052
Wynn, T. A., Vannella, K. MMacrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosisImmunity2016https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761316303840
Pavasini, R., et alShort Physical Performance Battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Medicine, 14, 2152016https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/9409918
Sun, N., Youle, R. J., & Finkel, TThe mitochondrial basis of agingMolecular Cell2016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.028
Tanaka, E. MThe molecular and cellular choreography of appendage regenerationCell2016https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16
Lin, S. F. et alFrom Noise to Signal: The Age and Social Patterning of Intra-individual Variability in Health TrajectoriesJ Gerontol B2017https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/72/1/168/2632037
Pilling, L. C. et al.Human longevity is influenced by many genetic variants: evidence from 75,000 UK Biobank participantsAging2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4833145/
Korolchuk, V. I. et alMitochondria in cell senescence: Is mitophagy the weakest link?EBioMedicine2017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.020
Saxton, R. A., & Sabatini, D. MmTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and diseaseCell2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5394987/
Whitty, C. J. M., et alNew horizons in the management of multimorbidityAge and Ageing, 46(6), 882-8882017https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/46/6/882/4103436
Lemaitre, J. F., Gaillard, J. MReproductive senescence: new perspectives in the wildBiological Reviews2017https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172184/3/Cunningham_Manuscript%2030-03-2022_submitted.pdf
Bohannon, R. WTest-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry for grip strength: a systematic reviewIsokinetics and Exercise Science, 25(1), 1-92017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Sarkar, T. J. et alTransient transcription factor expression is key to reprogramming and rejuvenationEMBO Molecular Medicine2017https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201707650
Cohen, A. AAging across the tree of life: The importance of a comparative perspective for the use of animal models in agingBiochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis2018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443917302193
Levine, M. E., et alAn epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspanAging (Albany NY), 10(4), 573-5912018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12539533/ ; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/
Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Volpato, S., et alAssociation between gait speed with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysisJournal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(11), 981-988.e72018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30122444/
Fong, J. H., & Feng, JComparing the loss of functional independence of older adults in the U.Sand China2018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167494317303126
Devi, JThe scales of functional assessment of activities of daily living in geriatricsAge and Ageing, 47(4), 500-5022018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29608661/
Sechidis, K., Papangelou, K., Metcalfe, P. D., Svensson, D., Weatherall, J., & Brown, GDistinguishing prognostic and predictive biomarkers: an information theoretic approachBioinformatics, 34(19), 3365-33762018https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/34/19/3365/4991984
Horvath, S., & Raj, KDNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageingNature Reviews Genetics, 19(6), 371-3842018https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajhb.23488 ; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mef2.50 ; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mef2.50
Franceschi, C. et alInflammaging and immunosenescence: from theory to practiceNature Reviews Endocrinology2018https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
Ferrucci, L., & Fabbri, EInflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailtyNature Reviews Cardiology, 15(9), 505-5222018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6146930/
Rabanal-Ruiz, Y., Otten, E. G., & Korolchuk, V. I.mTORC1 as the main gateway to autophagyEssays in Biochemistry2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5869864/
Reddien, P. WThe cellular and molecular basis for planarian regenerationCell2018https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18
Menardi, A., et alThe role of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer's disease and healthy ageing—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8972845/
Nuffield Council on BioethicsThe search for a treatment for ageing—2018https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/publications/the-search-for-a-treatment-for-ageing
Berkovitz, B. K. B., Shellis, R. PTooth replacement in reptiles and fishJournal of Anatomy2018https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12822
Mannick, J. B. et alTORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderlyScience Translational Medicine2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29997249/
Sharma, A. et alCausal roles of mitochondrial dynamics in longevity and healthy agingEMBO Reports2019https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201948395
Yanai, H., et alCompression of morbidity by interventions that steepen the survival curve—2019https://weizmann.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/compression-of-morbidity-by-interventions-that-steepen-the-surviv-2
Fong, J. HDisability incidence and functional decline among older adults with major chronic diseases—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6873710/
Lu, A. T., et alDNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspanAging (Albany NY), 11(4), 1183-11992019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11404624/
Bohannon, R. WGrip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adultsJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
Olova, N. et alPartial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identityAging Cell2019https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12877
—The Hallmarks of Aging (Biochemia Medica, 2019)—2019—
Zhang, Y., et alEpigenetic clocks: theory and applications in human biologyAmerican Journal of Human Biology, 33(1), e234882020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10411856/
Thomas, R., Wang, W., & Su, D.-M.Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging.Immunity & Ageing2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6971920/
Nguyen, H., et alMultimorbidity patterns and healthy ageing in the English Longitudinal Study of AgeingGeriatrics & Gerontology International, 20(12), 1173-11802020https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ggi.14051
Lu, Y. et alReprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore visionNature2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4
Fraser, G. J. et alTooth replacement in vertebrates: development, maintenance, and regenerationBiological Reviews2020https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12547
Launay, C., et alChronological age or biological age: What drives the choice? Frontiers in Aging—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8640726/
Galvin, A. E., et alFocus on disability-free life expectancy: implications for health-related quality of life—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33733432/
Garmany, A., et alnpj Aging—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-021-00169-5
Hartmann, A., Hartmann, C., Secci, R., et alRanking biomarkers of aging by citation profiling and effort scoringFrontiers in Genetics, 12, 6863202021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/
Higgins-Chen, A. T., et alA computational solution for bias and noise in epigenetic clocksClinical Epigenetics, 14(1), 1172022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12539533/
Liang, J. et alAge-related thymic involution: mechanisms and functional impactFrontiers in Immunology2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9381902/
Guo, J., Huang, H. et alAging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventionsSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2022https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-022-01251-0
Kivimaki, M., et alAssociation of multimorbidity with dementia: A longitudinal studyBMJ, 376, e0680052022https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-068005
Fraser, H. C. et alBiological mechanisms of aging predict age-related disease onsetCommunications Biology2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9009120/
Orchard, S. G., et alCombination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline or dementia—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9494608/
Geyer, S., et alCompression, expansion, or dynamic equilibrium of morbidity? Evidence from European populations—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9906028/
Belsky, D. W., et alDunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of agingNature Medicine, 28(10), 2086-20952022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11404624/
Lehallier, B., et alHallmarks of aging in human cellsNature Aging, 2(5), 441-4532022https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00220-0
Patel, A. et alInter- and intra-individual variation in brain structural trajectoriesNeuroImage2022https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811922003494
Jagger, C., et alThe impact of long-term conditions on disability-free life expectancyPLoS Global Public Health2022https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pgph.0000745
"Aging hallmarks and progression and age-related diseases: A landscape view of research advancement."ACS Chemical Neuroscience—2023https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00531
Tian, X., et alBiological age is superior to chronological age in predicting ICU mortalityCritical Care2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10543822/
Aging Biomarker Consortium, Bao, H., Cao, J., Chen, M., et alBiomarkers of agingScience China Life Sciences, 66(5), 893-10662023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115486/
Biomarkers of Aging Consortium, Moqri, M., Herzog, C., Poganik, J. R., et alBiomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventionsCell, 186(18), 3758-37752023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11088934/
Salih, A., Ghosh, R., & Becerra, S. PConceptual overview of biological age estimationAging and Disease, 14(3), 583-5882023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10187689/
Tyshkovskiy, A. et alDistinct longevity mechanisms across and within species and their association with agingCell2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37269831/
Frangos, E., Graf, C., & Samaras, NFunctional aging: Integrating functionality to a multidimensional assessment of healthy agingCurrent Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2023, 94099182023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
Wu, Z., et alGrip strength, gait speed, and trajectories of cognitive function—2023https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dad2.12388
Lopez-Otin, C. et alHallmarks of aging: An expanding universeCell2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36599349/ ; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
Stojic, MHallmarks of Aging: Causes and ConsequencesAging Biology2023https://agingbiologyjournal.org/Archive/Volume3/hallmarks_of_aging_causes_and_consequences/agingbio.20230011.pdf
Nuffield Council on BioethicsThe future of ageing: ethical considerations for research and innovation—2023https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/publications/the-future-of-ageing
Lopez-Otin, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, GThe hallmarks of aging as a conceptual framework for biomarkersBiogerontology, 24(1), 1-272023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10824251/
Dombrowsky, T. DTrajectories of functional decline in older adults: a latent class growth curve analysis—2023https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01939459231180365
Valenzuela-Sanchez, A. et alVariable rate of ageing within species—2023https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172184/3/Cunningham_Manuscript%2030-03-2022_submitted.pdf
Belsky, D. W., Kritchevsky, S. B., Cuervo, A. M., Niedernhofer, L. J., Gladyshev, V. N., et alAn expert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in human intervention studiesJournal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 80(5), glae2972024https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
Chen, L. et alAssociations between biological ageing and the risk of, and reduced life expectancy in, rheumatoid arthritisThe Lancet Healthy Longevity2024https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(23
Tao, X., Wang, X., Huang, Y., et alBiomarkers of Aging and Relevant Evaluation TechniquesBiomedicines, 12(5), 10462024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11081160/
McGlinchey, E., et alBiomarkers of neurodegeneration across the Global SouthThe Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(9), e611-e6272024https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(24
Herzog, C., et alChallenges and recommendations for the translation of biomarkers of agingNature Aging2024https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00683-3
Johnson, A. A., & Shokhirev, M. NContextualizing aging clocks and properly describing biological ageAging Cell, 23(12), e143772024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11634725/
Kim, D. H., & Rockwood, KFrailty in older adults—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11634188/
Poganik, J. R., Perri, G., Belsky, D. W., et alFramework to standardize biomarkers of aging and accelerate clinical translation—2024https://www.ucl.ac.uk/population-health-sciences/news/2024/feb/study-proposes-framework-standardize-biomarkers-aging-and-accelerate-clinical-use
WHO ICD-11 ageing-related coding discussed in: He, Q. et alFrontiers in Public Health—2024https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full
Moqri, M., et alGeneralizability and cohort effects in biomarker models of agingGeroScience2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12262637/
Hu, P., Kohler, S., & Goldman, NHarmonization of four biomarkers across nine nationally representative studies of people 50 years of age and overAmerican Journal of Human Biology, 36(4), e240302024https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajhb.24030
Balachandran, A., et alPace of Aging in older adults matters for healthspan and lifespan—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11071564/
Liu, J., et alQuantification of epigenetic aging in population studiesClinical Epigenetics, 16(1), 1752024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36206857/
He, Q. et alThe association between accelerated biological aging and osteoarthritisFrontiers in Public Health2024https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full
Garcia-Prat, L. et alThe hallmarks of aging as a conceptual framework for geroscienceFrontiers in Aging2024https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging/articles/10.3389/fragi.2024.1334261/full
"Hallmarks of aging: A user's guide for comparative biologists."Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism—2024https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724004343
Brognara, L., et alInflammatory Biomarkers and Gait Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic ReviewInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10855721/
Tangestani Fard, M., et alPeripheral inflammation marker relationships to cognition in healthy older adults - A systematic reviewPsychoneuroendocrinology2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35908534/
Xu, Y., et alInflammatory biomarkers in older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studiesAging Clinical and Experimental Research2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34981430/
Singh, T., & Newman, A. BInflammatory markers in population studies of agingAgeing Research Reviews2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3098911/
Giovannini, S., et alInterleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha as predictors of mortality in frail, community-living elderly individualsJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4321727/
Soysal, P., et alInflammation and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysisAgeing Research Reviews2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27592340/
Moqri, M., et alValidation of biomarkers of agingNature Medicine, 30, 360-3722024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11090477/
Perri, G., Poganik, J. R., Levine, M. E., et alAn expert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in intervention studiesJournal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 80(5), glae2972025https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
Expert consensus statementBiomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studiesThe Journals of Gerontology: Series A2025https://repository.monashhealth.org/monashhealthjspui/handle/1/53106
Furrer, R., & Handschin, CBiomarkers of aging: functional aspects still trump molecular parametersnpj Aging, 11, 152025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876623/
Perri, R., et alExpert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in clinical trialsThe Journals of Gerontology: Biological Sciences2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11979094/
"Targeting the hallmarks of aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities."Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine—2025https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1631578/full
Handgrip strength as a potential indicator of aging: insights from its association with aging-related laboratory biomarkersFrontiers in MedicineFrontiers in Medicine, 10, 14915842025https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1491584/full
Expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studiesJournal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences—2025https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
Harel, I.Scaling life as an interspecies hallmark of aging.Genes & Development2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40664504/
Li, G. et alPredicting healthspan and disease risks through biological ageing measures—2025https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471491425002576
—Aging: Overview (NCBI Bookshelf)———
—APA Dictionary of Psychology. Functional age. American Psychological Association——https://dictionary.apa.org/functional-age
—Biomarkers of Aging and Biological Age Clocks (Frontiers in Medicine)———
McHugh, D., & Gil, J.Senescence and aging: Causes, consequences, and therapeutic avenuesJournal of Cell Biology2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5748990/
—Disposable Soma Theory (Programmed-Aging)———
—Evolution of Ageing (Wikipedia)———
Rose, M. REvolutionary Biology of Aging———
—Evolutionary Theories of Aging (Demographic Research)———
—Fries, J. F. Compression of morbidity (foundational framing for DFLE)——https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22306/w22306.pdf
—Geroscience: Aging Biology and Chronic Disease (NIA)———
—H70 study: Health, Aging and Body Composition trends in morbidity——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167494303000487
Barzilai, D. A.Mikhail 'Misha' Blagosklonny's enduring legacy in geroscience: the hyperfunction theory and the therapeutic potential of rapamycinAging2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11810056/
—Immunosenescence and Inflammaging (Nature)———
—PMC article on disability-free life expectancy measurement limitations and multimorbidity——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11966715/
UK BiobankProspective studies of ageing and age-related diseases——https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/projects/prospective-studies-of-ageing-and-age-related-diseases/
—Proteostasis and Aging (BioEssays)———
Afanas'ev, I.Signaling and damaging functions of free radicals in aging—free radical theory, hormesis, and TORAging and Disease2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3295029/
—Senescence (Wikipedia)———
Ljubuncic, P., & Reznick, A. Z.The evolutionary theories of aging revisited—a mini-reviewGerontology2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19202326/
Fekete, M. et al.Geroscience and pathology: a new frontier in understanding age-related diseasesPathology & Oncology Research2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10922957/
Gems, D.The hyperfunction theory: An emerging paradigm for the biology of agingAgeing Research Reviews2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7612201/
—World Health Organization. Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) methodology——https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/metadata/hale-metadata.pdf
World Health OrganizationMultimorbidity: Technical Series on Safer Primary CareWorld Health Organization2016https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241511650
Yaggi, H. K., et alObstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and deathNEJM2005https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa043104
Kodama, S., et alCardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular eventsJAMA2009https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183510
Hamer, M., O'Donovan, GCardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in men and women: a meta-analysisScandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports2010https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01071.x
Cappuccio, F. P., et alSleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studiesSleep2010https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/33/5/585/2454444
Lee, I.-M., et alEffect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwideThe Lancet2012https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673612610319
Leong, D. P., et alPrognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) studyThe Lancet2015https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)62000-6/abstract?code=lancet-site&ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618
Arem, H., et alLeisure time physical activity and mortality: a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationshipJAMA Internal Medicine2015https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2212267
Ross, R., et alImportance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practiceCirculation2016https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461
Itani, O., et alShort sleep duration and health outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regressionSleep Medicine2017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.006
Lear, S. A., et alThe effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130,000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE studyThe Lancet2017https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31634-3/abstract?rs_oid_rd=259360191118728
Medic, G., Wille, M., Hemels, M. E. HShort- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruptionNature and Science of Sleep2017https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/NSS.S134864
Mandsager, K., et alAssociation of cardiorespiratory fitness with long-term mortality among adults undergoing exercise treadmill testingJAMA Network Open2018https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707428
Ekelund, U., et alDose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortalityBMJ2019https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4570
Myers, J., et alExercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testingNEJM2002https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa011858
Dodds, R. M., et alGrip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studiesPLoS ONE2014https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113637
Di Micco, R. et al. "Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyCellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33328614/
Serrano, M. et al. "Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a." CellOncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a.Cell1997https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9054499/
Campisi, J., d'Adda di Fagagna, F. "Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyCellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17667954/
Gorgoulis, V. et al. "Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward." CellCellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward.Cell2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.005
Galluzzi, L. et al. "Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018." Cell Death & DifferentiationMolecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.Cell Death & Differentiation2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29362479/
Youle, R. J., Strasser, A. "The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyThe BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18097445/
Czabotar, P. E. et al. "Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyControl of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24355989/
d'Adda di Fagagna, F. et al. "A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence." NatureA DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence.Nature2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608368/
Childs, B. G. et al. "Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy." Nature MedicineCellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy.Nature Medicine2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26646499/
—Aging: Overview (NCBI Bookshelf)——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10041/
—The Hallmarks of Aging (Biochemia Medica, 2019)——https://www.biochemia-medica.com/en/journal/29/3/10.11613/BM.2019.030501/fullArticle
—Immunosenescence and Inflammaging (Nature)——https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-025-01527-9
—Geroscience: Aging Biology and Chronic Disease (NIA)——https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/geroscience-intersection-basic-aging-biology-chronic-disease-and-health
—Biomarkers of Aging and Biological Age Clocks (Frontiers in Medicine)——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00061/full
—Senescence (Wikipedia)——https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence
Coppe, J. P. et al. "The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression." Annual Review of PathologyThe senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression.Annual Review of Pathology2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20078217/
Basisty, N. et al. "A proteomic atlas of senescence-associated secretomes for aging biomarker development." PLoS BiologyA proteomic atlas of senescence-associated secretomes for aging biomarker development.PLoS Biology2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6964821/
Wiley, C. D. et al. "Secretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis." JCI InsightSecretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis.JCI Insight2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6975274/
Demaria, M. et al. "An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA." Developmental CellAn essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA.Developmental Cell2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25499914/
Munoz-Espin, D., Serrano, M. "Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyCellular senescence: from physiology to pathology.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24954210/
Ruhland, M. K. et al. "Stromal senescence establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives tumorigenesis." Nature CommunicationsStromal senescence establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives tumorigenesis.Nature Communications2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4899869/
Herranz, N., Gil, J. "Mechanisms and functions of cellular senescence." Journal of Clinical InvestigationMechanisms and functions of cellular senescence.Journal of Clinical Investigation2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5873888/
Ovadya, Y., Krizhanovsky, V. "Strategies targeting cellular senescence." Journal of Clinical InvestigationStrategies targeting cellular senescence.Journal of Clinical Investigation2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5873866/
Ovadya, Y. et al. "Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging." Nature MedicineImpaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging.Nature Medicine2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30575733/
Krizhanovsky, V. et al. "Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis." CellSenescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis.Cell2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18724938/
Sagiv, A. et al. "Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells." OncogeneGranule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells.Oncogene2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3630483/
Xue, W. et al. "Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas." NatureSenescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas.Nature2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17251933/
Kang, T.-W. et al. "Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development." NatureSenescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development.Nature2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22080947/
Prata, L. G. P. L. et al.Senescent cell clearance by the immune system: Emerging therapeutic opportunities.Seminars in Immunology2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31088710/
Hayflick, L., Moorhead, P. S. "The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains." Experimental Cell ResearchThe serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.Experimental Cell Research1961https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
—Evolutionary Theories of Aging (Demographic Research)——https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol4/1/4-1.pdf
—Evolution of Ageing (Wikipedia)——https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_ageing
—Disposable Soma Theory (Programmed-Aging)——http://www.programmed-aging.org/theories/disposable_soma.html
—Proteostasis and Aging (BioEssays)——https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201200014
Lee, S., Schmitt, C. A. "The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer." Nature Cell BiologyThe dynamic nature of senescence in cancer.Nature Cell Biology2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30602768/
Collado, M., Serrano, M. "Senescence in tumours: evidence from mice and humans." Nature Reviews CancerSenescence in tumours: evidence from mice and humans.Nature Reviews Cancer2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3672965/
Calcinotto, A. et al. "Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury." Physiological ReviewsCellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury.Physiological Reviews2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30648461/
Faget, D. V., Ren, Q., Stewart, S. A. "Unmasking senescence: context-dependent effects of SASP in cancer." Nature Reviews CancerUnmasking senescence: context-dependent effects of SASP in cancer.Nature Reviews Cancer2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235879/
Baars, JAging and Time—2013http://www.janbaars.nl/wp-content/uploads/Aging-and-Time-Chapter-01-Jan-Baars.pdf
Witzel, D. D., et alage three waysAge and inflammation: Insights on "age three ways" from population cohorts2025https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159125001035
—University of Georgia, College of Public Health——https://publichealth.uga.edu/research/research-institutes/institute-of-gerontology/about/what-is-gerontology/
—Rasmussen University——https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/what-is-gerontology/
—ScienceDirect Topics——https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/gerontology
—National Center for Biotechnology Information——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218728/
Baker, D. J., et alClearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders—2011https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10600
Zhu, Y., et alThe Achilles’ heel of senescent cells: From transcriptome to senolytic drugs—2015https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12344
Kirkland, J. L., & Tchkonia, TSenolytic drugs: From discovery to translation—2020https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joim.13056
Short, S., Fielder, E., Miwa, S., & von Zglinicki, TSenolytics and senostatics as adjuvant tumour therapy—2019https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(19)30024-8/fulltext
Gasek, N. S., Kuchel, G. A., Kirkland, J. L., & Xu, MStrategies for targeting senescent cells in human disease—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01521-0
Kaeberlein, M., et alCold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4817738/
Lemoine, M., et alCells—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10202082/
—Baylor OpenBooks——https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/lifespanhumandevelopment/chapter/22-1-lifespan-life-expectancy-healthy-aging/
—ScienceDirect Topics——https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lifespan
Austad, S. N., & Fischer, K. EJournal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3257745/
Bird, ADNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory—2002https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.947102
Jones, P. A., et alThe epigenomics of cancer—2008https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.012
Marioni, R. E., et alDNA methylation age at birth is associated with child health outcomes—2021https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21218-x
—Blaum, C——https://www.americangeriatrics.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/caroline_blaum.pdf
—University of Glasgow——https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/healthwellbeing/research/generalpractice/internationalmultimorbidity/blog/headline_1224242_en.html
Berger, S. L., et alAn operational definition of epigenetics—2009https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1787609
Allis, C. D., & Jenuwein, TThe molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control—2016https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.59
Kouzarides, TChromatin modifications and their function—2007https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.005
Portela, A., & Esteller, MEpigenetic modifications and human disease—2010https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1684
Benayoun, B. A., et alEpigenetic regulation of ageing: linking environmental inputs to genomic stability—2016https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2015.16
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. LScience—1987https://healthjournalism.org/glossary-terms/healthspan/
—FoodMed Center——https://foodmedcenter.org/lifespan-vs-healthspan-the-critical-gap-in-modern-aging/
—ResearchBunny——https://www.researchbunny.com/papers/how-healthy-is-the-healthspan-concept-l4nw
Blackburn, E. H., Greider, C. W., & Szostak, J. WTelomeres and telomerase: the path from maize, Tetrahymena and yeast to human cancer and ageing—2006https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1006-1133
de Lange, THow Shelterin Solves the Telomere End-Protection Problem—2010https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2010.75.017
Olovnikov, A. MPrinciple of marginotomy in template synthesis of polynucleotides—1971https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5167114/
Watson, J. DOrigin of concatemeric T7 DNA—1972https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4570499/
Sanders, J. L., & Newman, A. BTelomere length in epidemiology: a biomarker of aging, age-related disease, both, or neither?—2013https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxs008
Epel, E. S., et alAccelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress—2004https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407162101
Bernardes de Jesus, B., & Blasco, M. ATelomerase at the intersection of cancer and aging—2013https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.003
Jylhava, J., et alBiological Age Predictors—2017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.046
Eisenberg, D. T. ATelomere length measurement validity: the cohabitation problem and what to do about it—2019https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23280
Bernardes de Jesus, B., et alTelomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer—2012https://doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201200245
Wallace, D. CA mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer—2005https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.110304.095751
Larsson, N. GSomatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in mammalian aging—2010https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060408-093701
Stewart, J. B., & Chinnery, P. FThe dynamics of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy: implications for human health and disease—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3966
Scarpulla, R. CMetabolic control of mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1 family regulatory network—2011https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.019
Twig, G., & Shirihai, O. SThe interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy—2011https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3779
West, A. P., et alMitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory diseases—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3864
Ristow, MUnraveling the truth about antioxidants: mitohormesis explains the beneficial effects of ROS—2014https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2014.03.004
Sies, H., & Jones, D. PReactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents—2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3
Willey, C. A., & Walsh, KExercise and mitochondrial health—2023https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c220045
Hamczyk, M. R., et alBiological versus chronological aging: A review—2020https://www.lidsen.com/journals/geriatrics/geriatrics-03-02-051
Gómez-Virgilio, L. et al.Autophagy: A Key Regulator of Homeostasis and Disease: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms and ModulatorsCells2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9329718/
Hansen, M., et alAutophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, and Implications for Ageing—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38725847/
Mizushima, N., et alAutophagy: An Essential Degradation Program for Cellular Homeostasis—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6315530/
Levine, B., et alAutophagy: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2990190/
Minciullo, P. L., et alAn update on inflamm-aging: Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment—2016https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2016/8426874
Xia, X., et alInflammaging: Triggers, molecular mechanisms, and consequences—2025https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1704203/full
Verdi, S., et alGlobal research trends in inflammaging and neurodegeneration—2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12018403/
Guyatt GH, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ——2008https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7650/924
Page MJ, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ——2021https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ——2010https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332
von Elm E, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. PLoS Medicine——2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020496/
Sterne JA, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ——2016https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919
—Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 6+)——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/
—BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338448/
Ioannidis JPA. Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Medicine——2005https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/
Justice JN, et al. Frameworks for proof-of-concept clinical trials of interventions that target fundamental aging processes. Journals of Gerontology A——2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/
—PubMed User Guide / Help (NLM)——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/
Hopewell S, et al. CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts. Lancet——2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6398298/
Lee JW, et al. Fit-for-purpose method development and validation for successful biomarker measurement. Pharmaceutical Research——2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975285/
Collins GS, et al. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). BMJ——2015https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7594
Wolff RF, et al. PROBAST: A Tool to Assess Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies. BMJ——2019https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4898
—National Cancer Institute Dictionary: relative risk——https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/relative-risk
—National Cancer Institute Dictionary: absolute risk——https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/absolute-risk
Deeks JJ. Issues in the selection of a summary statistic for meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes. BMJ——2002https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1188
Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics Notes: The odds ratio. BMJ——1998https://www.bmj.com/content/316/7136/989
—CEBM Oxford: Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and absolute effects (EBM tools)——https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/ebm-tools/number-needed-to-treat-nnt
—PubMed (NLM/NCBI)——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
—PubMed Central (PMC) (NLM/NCBI)——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
—ClinicalTrials——https://clinicaltrials.gov/
Zarin DA, Tse T, et al. The ClinicalTrials.gov results database. New England Journal of Medicine——2011https://www.ovid.com/journals/nejm/abstract/00006024-201106020-00038~the-clinicaltrialsgov-results-database
—About bioRxiv——https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv
—About medRxiv——https://www.medrxiv.org/content/about-medrxiv
—PubMed Central (PMC): Preprints in PMC——https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/pmc/index.html
—ASAPbio: Preprint FAQ——https://asapbio.org/preprint-info/preprint-faq
Fraser N, et al. Preprinting a pandemic: the role of preprints in the COVID-19 pandemic. bioRxiv/PLoS Biology context paper——2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7081173/
Weinstein, M. C., Torrance, G., & McGuire, AValue in Health—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19250132/
EuroQol GroupHealth Policy—1990https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10109801/
Whitehead, S. J., & Ali, SBritish Medical Bulletin—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21037243/
Dawoud, D., et alQuality of Life Research—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35247152/
Bulamu, N. B., Kaambwa, B., & Ratcliffe, JHealth and Quality of Life Outcomes—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26553129/
Makai, P., et alSocial Science & Medicine—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24565145/
Huter, K., et alBMC Health Services Research—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5016726/
Asaria, M., Griffin, S., & Cookson, RMedical Decision Making—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4853814/
Rosenberg, I. H. "Sarcopenia: Origins and clinical relevance." Journal of NutritionSarcopenia: Origins and clinical relevance.Journal of Nutrition1997https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9164280/
Chen, L.-K. et al. "Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment." Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationAsian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033882/
Bhasin, S. et al. "Sarcopenia Definition: The Position Statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium." Journal of the American Geriatrics SocietySarcopenia Definition: The Position Statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31990347/
Cawthon, P. M. et al. "Cut-points for low appendicular lean mass that identify older adults with clinically significant weakness." Journals of Gerontology Series ACut-points for low appendicular lean mass that identify older adults with clinically significant weakness.Journals of Gerontology Series A2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32108288/
McLean, R. R. et al. "Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project." Journals of Gerontology Series ACriteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project.Journals of Gerontology Series A2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24737560/
Larsson, L. et al. "Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function." Physiological ReviewsSarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function.Physiological Reviews2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6442923/
Beaudart, C. et al. "Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." PLoS ONEHealth Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PLoS ONE2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5240970/
Yeung, S. S. Y. et al. "Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and MuscleSarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6596401/
Pal, S., & Tyler, J. K. "Epigenetics and aging." Science AdvancesEpigenetics and aging.Science Advances2016https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600584
Oberdoerffer, P., & Sinclair, D. A. "The role of nuclear architecture in genomic instability and ageing." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyThe role of nuclear architecture in genomic instability and ageing.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2007https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2238
Feser, J., & Tyler, J. "Chromatin structure as a mediator of aging." FEBS LettersChromatin structure as a mediator of aging.FEBS Letters2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988783/
Hu, Z. et al. "Nucleosome loss leads to global transcriptional up-regulation and genomic instability during yeast aging." Genes & DevelopmentNucleosome loss leads to global transcriptional up-regulation and genomic instability during yeast aging.Genes & Development2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3937517/
Stegeman, R., & Weake, V. M. "Transcriptional Signatures of Aging." Journal of Molecular BiologyTranscriptional Signatures of Aging.Journal of Molecular Biology2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5662117/
Sun, L., Yu, R., & Dang, W. "Chromatin Architectural Changes during Cellular Senescence and Aging." GenesChromatin Architectural Changes during Cellular Senescence and Aging.Genes2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5924553/
Moskalev, A. A. et al. "The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria." Ageing Research ReviewsThe role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria.Ageing Research Reviews2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/
Geiger, H., de Haan, G., Florian, M. C. "The ageing haematopoietic stem cell compartment." Nature Reviews ImmunologyThe ageing haematopoietic stem cell compartment.Nature Reviews Immunology2013https://www.nature.com/articles/nri3433
Flach, J. et al. "Replication stress is a potent driver of functional decline in ageing haematopoietic stem cells." NatureReplication stress is a potent driver of functional decline in ageing haematopoietic stem cells.Nature2014https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13619
Choi, J., Augenlicht, L. H. "Intestinal stem cells: guardians of homeostasis in health and aging amid environmental challenges." Experimental & Molecular MedicineIntestinal stem cells: guardians of homeostasis in health and aging amid environmental challenges.Experimental & Molecular Medicine2024https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-024-01179-1
Novak, J. S. et al. "Human muscle stem cells are refractory to aging." Aging CellHuman muscle stem cells are refractory to aging.Aging Cell2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8282247/
Villeda, S. A. et al. "The ageing systemic milieu negatively regulates neurogenesis and cognitive function." NatureThe ageing systemic milieu negatively regulates neurogenesis and cognitive function.Nature2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21886162/
Robbins, P. D., Morelli, A. E. "Extracellular vesicles and aging." Aging MedicineExtracellular vesicles and aging.Aging Medicine2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5762993/
Eitan, E. et al. "Age-Related Changes in Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Characteristics and Internalization by Leukocytes." Scientific ReportsAge-Related Changes in Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Characteristics and Internalization by Leukocytes.Scientific Reports2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5430958/
Alibhai, F. J. et al. "Cellular senescence contributes to age-dependent changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo and function." Aging CellCellular senescence contributes to age-dependent changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo and function.Aging Cell2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31960578/
Borghesan, M. et al. "Small Extracellular Vesicles Are Key Regulators of Non-cell Autonomous Intercellular Communication in Senescence via the Interferon Protein IFITM3." Cell ReportsSmall Extracellular Vesicles Are Key Regulators of Non-cell Autonomous Intercellular Communication in Senescence via the Interferon Protein IFITM3.Cell Reports2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6613042/
Rakyan, V. K. et al. "Human aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs preferentially at bivalent chromatin domains." Genome ResearchHuman aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs preferentially at bivalent chromatin domains.Genome Research2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2847746/
Teschendorff, A. E. et al. "Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer." Genome ResearchAge-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer.Genome Research2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2847747/
Yang, Z. et al. "Correlation of an epigenetic mitotic clock with cancer risk." Genome BiologyCorrelation of an epigenetic mitotic clock with cancer risk.Genome Biology2016https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-1064-3
Zhang, Z. et al. "Deciphering the role of immune cell composition in epigenetic age acceleration: Insights from cell-type deconvolution applied to human blood epigenetic clocks." Aging CellDeciphering the role of immune cell composition in epigenetic age acceleration: Insights from cell-type deconvolution applied to human blood epigenetic clocks.Aging Cell2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38146185/
Labbadia, J., & Morimoto, R. I. "The Biology of Proteostasis in Aging and Disease." Annu Rev BiochemThe Biology of Proteostasis in Aging and Disease.Annu Rev Biochem2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4539002/
Hipp, M. S., Kasturi, P., & Hartl, F. U. "The proteostasis network and its decline in ageing." Nat Rev Mol Cell BiolThe proteostasis network and its decline in ageing.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-019-0101-y
Morimoto, R. I., & Cuervo, A. M. "Proteostasis and the Aging Proteome in Health and Disease." J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med SciProteostasis and the Aging Proteome in Health and Disease.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4022129/
Hetz, C., & Papa, F. R. "The Unfolded Protein Response and Cell Fate Control." Mol CellThe Unfolded Protein Response and Cell Fate Control.Mol Cell2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107536/
Martinez, G., Duran-Aniotz, C., Cabral-Miranda, F., Vivar, J. P., & Hetz, C. "Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis impairment in aging." Aging CellEndoplasmic reticulum proteostasis impairment in aging.Aging Cell2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5506418/
Jensen, M. B., & Jasper, H. "Mitochondrial proteostasis in the control of aging and longevity." Cell MetabMitochondrial proteostasis in the control of aging and longevity.Cell Metab2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4274350/
Kaushik, S. et al. "Autophagy and the Hallmarks of Aging." Ageing Res RevAutophagy and the Hallmarks of Aging.Ageing Res Rev2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8616816/
Ben-Zvi, A., Miller, E. A., & Morimoto, R. I. "Collapse of proteostasis represents an early molecular event in Caenorhabditis elegans aging." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S ACollapse of proteostasis represents an early molecular event in Caenorhabditis elegans aging.Caenorhabditis elegans2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2736453/
Pinti, M., Appay, V., Campisi, J., Frasca, D., Fulop, T., Sauce, D., Larbi, A., Weinberger, B., & Cossarizza, A.Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccinationEuropean Journal of Immunology2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5141180/
Allen, J. C., Toapanta, F. R., Chen, W., & Tennant, S. M.Understanding immunosenescence and its impact on vaccination of older adultsVaccine2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7719610/
Tu, W., & Rao, S.Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus InfectionFrontiers in Microbiology2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4671221/
Weyand, C. M., & Goronzy, J. J.Aging of the Immune System. Mechanisms and Therapeutic TargetsAnnals of the American Thoracic Society2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4707747/
Frasca, D., Blomberg, B. B., Paganelli, R., et al.B Cell ImmunosenescenceInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7144305/
Bandaranayake, T., & Shaw, A. C.Host Resistance and Immune AgingClinical Geriatric Medicine2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6986475/
Lakatta, E. GHeart Failure Reviews—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11790921/
Vakka, A., Warren, J. S., & Drosatos, KJournal of Cardiovascular Aging—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10238104/
Ghebre, Y. T., Yakubov, E., Wong, W. T., et alTranslational Medicine—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5602592/
Donato, A. J., Machin, D. R., & Lesniewski, L. ACirculation Research—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207260/
Singam, N. S. V., Fine, C., & Fleg, J. LClinical Cardiology—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7021646/
Cheng, S., Fernandes, V. R. S., Bluemke, D. A., et alCirculation—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744970/
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., et alAge and Ageing—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6322506/
Compston, J. E., McClung, M. R., & Leslie, W. DLancet—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696576/
Harada, C. N., Natelson Love, M. C., & Triebel, K. LNormal cognitive aging—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4015335/
Raz, N., & Rodrigue, K. MDifferential aging of the brain: patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers—2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2776933/
Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., et alThe diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3312027/
McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., et alThe diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3312024/
Studart Neto, A., & Nitrini, RSubjective cognitive decline: The first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease?—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5642412/
Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Wilson, R. S., et alCombined neuropathological pathways account for age-related risk of dementia—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6119518/
Robinson, J. L., Corrada, M. M., Kovacs, G. G., et alMultiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old: The 90+ Study—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4540246/
Maass, A., Lockhart, S. N., Harrison, T. M., et alEntorhinal Tau Pathology, Episodic Memory Decline, and Neurodegeneration in Aging—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5777108/
Petersen, R. C., Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., et alCriteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease in the Community—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3804562/
Perneczky, R., Pohl, C., Sorg, C., et alComplex activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment: conceptual and diagnostic issues—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880382/
Hedden, T., Oh, H., Younger, A. P., & Patel, T. AMeta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3656457/
Attems, J., Jellinger, K. A., & Robinson, J. LVascular pathology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9616381/
Soldan, A., Pettigrew, C., Cai, Q., et alCognitive reserve and long-term change in cognition in aging and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5679465/
Seals, D. R., Justice, J. N., & LaRocca, T. J. "Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity." The Journal of PhysiologyPhysiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity.The Journal of Physiology2016https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270805
Cooper, R., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., & Mortality Review GroupBMJ—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2938884/
Porrello, E. R. et al. "Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart." ScienceTransient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart.Science2011https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1200708
Silver, J., Miller, J. H. "Regeneration beyond the glial scar." Nature Reviews NeuroscienceRegeneration beyond the glial scar.Nature Reviews Neuroscience2004https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn1326
Sophia Fox, A. J., Bedi, A., Rodeo, S. A. "The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function." Sports HealthThe basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function.Sports Health2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3535123/
Mitsiadis, T. A., Feki, A., Papaccio, G., Caton, J. "Dental pulp stem cells, niches, and notch signaling in tooth injury." Advances in Dental ResearchDental pulp stem cells, niches, and notch signaling in tooth injury.Advances in Dental Research2011https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022034511405386
Banach, M. et al. "The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis." European Journal of Preventive CardiologyThe association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis.European Journal of Preventive Cardiology2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37555441/
Paluch, A. E. et al. "Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts." The Lancet Public HealthDaily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts.The Lancet Public Health2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35247352/
Kelly, P. et al. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical ActivitySystematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25344355/
Stamatakis, E. et al. "Walking Pace Is Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality." Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseWalking Pace Is Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30303933/
Timmins, I. R. et al. "Genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace suggests beneficial effects of brisk walking on health and survival." Communications BiologyGenome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace suggests beneficial effects of brisk walking on health and survival.Communications Biology2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128006/
Saint-Maurice, P. F. et al. "Association of Daily Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults." JAMAAssociation of Daily Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults.JAMA2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32207799/
Wu, S. H. et al. "Metabolic syndrome and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies." European Journal of EpidemiologyMetabolic syndrome and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.European Journal of Epidemiology2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20425137/
Mottillo, S. et al. "The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of the American College of CardiologyThe metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20863953/
Gunter, M. J. et al. "Insulin Resistance and Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer InstituteInsulin Resistance and Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31184362/
Gonzalez-Montalvo, J. I. et al. "Dual effects of insulin resistance on mortality and function in non-diabetic older adults: findings from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging." AgingDual effects of insulin resistance on mortality and function in non-diabetic older adults: findings from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging.Aging2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075557/
Silva, F. M. et al. "The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Scientific ReportsThe effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific Reports2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38253590/
Amirato, G. R. et al. "Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical FitnessEffects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35816146/
Loprinzi, P. D. et al. "Replacing Sedentary Time with Physical Activity in Relation to Mortality." Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseReplacing Sedentary Time with Physical Activity in Relation to Mortality.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26918559/
Ekblom-Bak, E. et al. "Replacing sedentary time with physical activity: a 15-year follow-up of mortality in a national cohort." Clinical EpidemiologyReplacing sedentary time with physical activity: a 15-year follow-up of mortality in a national cohort.Clinical Epidemiology2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29416378/
Matthews, C. E. et al. "Association of sedentary time with mortality independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity." Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseAssociation of sedentary time with mortality independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22719846/
Chau, J. Y. et al. "Daily sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis." PLoS ONEDaily sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis.PLoS ONE2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24236168/
Dempsey, P. C. et al. "Sitting Time, Physical Activity and Mortality: A Cohort Study In Low-Income Older Americans." American Journal of Preventive MedicineSitting Time, Physical Activity and Mortality: A Cohort Study In Low-Income Older Americans.American Journal of Preventive Medicine2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39089431/
Del Pozo-Cruz, J. et al. "Replacing Sedentary Time: Meta-analysis of Objective-Assessment Studies." American Journal of Preventive MedicineReplacing Sedentary Time: Meta-analysis of Objective-Assessment Studies.American Journal of Preventive Medicine2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30122216/
Momma, H. et al. "Resistance Training and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Preventive MedicineResistance Training and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American Journal of Preventive Medicine2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35599175/
Saeidifard, F. et al. "The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis." European Journal of Preventive CardiologyThe association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Preventive Cardiology2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104484/
Lopez, P. et al. "Benefits of Resistance Training in Early and Late Stages of Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies." Journal of Clinical MedicineBenefits of Resistance Training in Early and Late Stages of Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.Journal of Clinical Medicine2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921356/
Khodadad Kashi, S. et al. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training on Quality of Life, Depression, Muscle Strength, and Functional Exercise Capacity in Older Adults Aged 60 Years or More." Biological Research for NursingA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resistance Training on Quality of Life, Depression, Muscle Strength, and Functional Exercise Capacity in Older Adults Aged 60 Years or More.Biological Research for Nursing2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35968662/
Marques, E. A. et al. "Chronic effect of resistance training on blood pressure in older adults with prehypertension and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Experimental GerontologyChronic effect of resistance training on blood pressure in older adults with prehypertension and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Experimental Gerontology2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37121334/
Hart, P. D., Buck, D. J. "The role of resistance training in influencing insulin resistance among adults living with obesity/overweight without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Sports Medicine - OpenThe role of resistance training in influencing insulin resistance among adults living with obesity/overweight without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sports Medicine - Open2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37331899/
Huang, R. et al. "Effects of resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Acta DiabetologicaEffects of resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Acta Diabetologica2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39692776/
Katsyuba, E., Romani, M., Hofer, D., & Auwerx, J. "NAD+ homeostasis in health and disease." Nature MetabolismNAD+ homeostasis in health and disease.Nature Metabolism2020https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-019-0161-5
Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. "NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyNAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7963035/
Ramsey, K. M. et al. "Circadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD+ Biosynthesis." ScienceCircadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD+ Biosynthesis.Science2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2738420/
Gomes, A. P. et al. "Declining NAD+ Induces a Pseudohypoxic State Disrupting Nuclear-Mitochondrial Communication during Aging." CellDeclining NAD+ Induces a Pseudohypoxic State Disrupting Nuclear-Mitochondrial Communication during Aging.Cell2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4076149/
Camacho-Pereira, J. et al. "CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism." Cell MetabolismCD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism.Cell Metabolism2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911708/
Massudi, H. et al. "Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue." PLoS ONEAge-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue.PLoS ONE2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22848760/
Clement, J. et al. "The Plasma NAD+ Metabolome Is Dysregulated in 'Normal' Aging." Rejuvenation ResearchThe Plasma NAD+ Metabolome Is Dysregulated in 'Normal' Aging.Rejuvenation Research2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6482912/
Høyland, L. E. et al. "Subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+." Nature MetabolismSubcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+.Nature Metabolism2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39702414/
Vinten, K. T. et al. "NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges." Nature MetabolismNAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges.Nature Metabolism2025https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-025-01387-7
Haigis, M. C., & Sinclair, D. A. "Mammalian sirtuins: biological insights and disease relevance." Annual Review of PathologyMammalian sirtuins: biological insights and disease relevance.Annual Review of Pathology2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2866163/
Imai, S., & Guarente, L. "It takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control." npj Aging and Mechanisms of DiseaseIt takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control.npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease2016https://www.nature.com/articles/npjamd201617
Burnett, C. et al. "Absence of effects of Sir2 overexpression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila." NatureAbsence of effects of Sir2 overexpression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila.Nature2011https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10296
Herranz, D. et al. "Sirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer." Nature CommunicationsSirt1 improves healthy ageing and protects from metabolic syndrome-associated cancer.Nature Communications2010https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1001
Satoh, A. et al. "Sirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice through the regulation of Nk2 homeobox 1 in the DMH and LH." Cell MetabolismSirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice through the regulation of Nk2 homeobox 1 in the DMH and LH.Cell Metabolism2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3794712/
Mostoslavsky, R. et al. "Genomic instability and aging-like phenotype in the absence of mammalian SIRT6." CellGenomic instability and aging-like phenotype in the absence of mammalian SIRT6.Cell2006https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867406000493
Kanfi, Y. et al. "The sirtuin SIRT6 regulates lifespan in male mice." NatureThe sirtuin SIRT6 regulates lifespan in male mice.Nature2012https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10815
Roichman, A. et al. "Restoration of energy homeostasis by SIRT6 extends healthy lifespan." Nature CommunicationsRestoration of energy homeostasis by SIRT6 extends healthy lifespan.Nature Communications2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23545-7
Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. "Extending healthy life span from yeast to humans." ScienceExtending healthy life span from yeast to humans.Science2010https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172539
Kenyon, C. et al. "A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type." NatureA C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type.Nature1993https://doi.org/10.1038/366461a0
Tatar, M., Bartke, A., & Antebi, A. "The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals." ScienceThe endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals.Science2003https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1081447
Holzenberger, M. et al. "IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice." NatureIGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice.Nature2003https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01498
Burkewitz, K., Zhang, Y., & Mair, W. B. "AMPK at the nexus of energetics and aging." Cell MetabolismAMPK at the nexus of energetics and aging.Cell Metabolism2014https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.002
Greer, E. L. et al. "An AMPK-FOXO pathway mediates longevity induced by a novel method of dietary restriction in C. elegans." Current BiologyAn AMPK-FOXO pathway mediates longevity induced by a novel method of dietary restriction in C. elegans.Current Biology2007https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.047
Gkogkolou, P., & Bohm, MAdvanced glycation end products: Key players in skin aging?—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3583887/
Singh, R., Barden, A., Mori, T., & Beilin, LAdvanced glycation end-products: a review.—2001https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001250051591
Kuzan, AToxicity of advanced glycation end products (Review).—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7995243/
Uribarri, J., Woodruff, S., Goodman, S., et alAdvanced Glycation End Products in Foods and a Practical Guide to Their Reduction in the Diet.—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3704564/
Semba, R. D., Nicklett, E. J., & Ferrucci, LDoes accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype?—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2920582/
Verzijl, N., DeGroot, J., Thorpe, S. R., et alEffect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products.—2000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10976109/
Verzijl, N. et alCrosslinking by advanced glycation end products increases the stiffness of the collagen network in human articular cartilage.—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11822407/
Ramasamy, R., Vannucci, S. J., Yan, S. S. D., Herold, K., Yan, S. F., & Schmidt, A. MAdvanced glycation end products and RAGE: a common thread in aging, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and inflammation.—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15764591/
Ott, C., Jacobs, K., Haucke, E., Navarrete Santos, A., Grune, T., & Simm, ARole of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling.—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3949097/
Schumacher, B., Pothof, J., Vijg, J., & Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. "The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process." NatureThe central role of DNA damage in the ageing process.Nature2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9844150/
Sarikaya, S., Cakir, H., Gozuacik, D., & Akkoc, Y. "Crosstalk between autophagy and DNA repair systems." Turkish Journal of BiologyCrosstalk between autophagy and DNA repair systems.Turkish Journal of Biology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8313936/
Gumeni, S., Evangelakou, Z., Gorgoulis, V. G., & Trougakos, I. P. "Proteome Stability as a Key Factor of Genome Integrity." Int J Mol SciProteome Stability as a Key Factor of Genome Integrity.Int J Mol Sci2017https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/10/2036
Moskalev, A. A. et al.The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria.Ageing Research Reviews2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/
Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., et alPLOS Biology—2020https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410
—Cochrane——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557996/
Dwan, K., Gamble, C., Williamson, P. R., and Kirkham, J. JPLOS ONE—2013https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066844
Turner, E. H., Matthews, A. M., Linardatos, E., Tell, R. A., and Rosenthal, RNew England Journal of Medicine—2008https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa065779
Chan, A.-W., Hrobjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., and Altman, D. GJAMA—2004https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.20.2457
Sumner, P., Vivian-Griffiths, S., Boivin, J., et alBMJ—2014https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7015
Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., et alBMJ—2011https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4002
Higgins, J. P. T., et al., editorsCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions—2024https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current
Shea, B. J., et alBMJ—2017https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j4008
Baethge, C., et alResearch Integrity and Peer Review—2019https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8
Ferrari, RMedical Writing—2015https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
Faggion, C. M., Jr., et alBMC Medical Research Methodology—2017https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-017-0453-y
Rethlefsen, M. L., et alJournal of Clinical Epidemiology—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38052277/
Justice, J. N., et alJournals of Gerontology Series A—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055651/
Cummings, S. R., & Kritchevsky, S. BGeroScience—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/
Fleming, T. R., & Powers, J. HStatistics in Medicine—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3551627/
Hernan, M. A., & Robins, J. MJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health—2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2652882/
Horvat, C. MPediatric Critical Care Medicine—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8882362/
Wakeford, RJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4291331/
Mansournia, M. A., et alBMJ—2017https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j4587
Shrank, W. H., Patrick, A. R., & Brookhart, M. AJournal of General Internal Medicine—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3077477/
Hernan, M. A., et alAmerican Journal of Epidemiology—2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3731075/
Loudon, K., et alBMJ—2015https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147
Guyatt, G. H., et alBMJ—2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2335261/
Hinz, B. et al. "The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in BiologyThe Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair.Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9808581/
Wang, K. et al. "Extracellular matrix stiffness-The central cue for skin fibrosis." Frontiers in Molecular BiosciencesExtracellular matrix stiffness-The central cue for skin fibrosis.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10031116/
Moyer, A. L., Wagner, K. R. "Regeneration versus fibrosis in skeletal muscle." Current Opinion in RheumatologyRegeneration versus fibrosis in skeletal muscle.Current Opinion in Rheumatology2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21934499/
Mahdy, M. A. A. "Skeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview." Cell and Tissue ResearchSkeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview.Cell and Tissue Research2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30421315/
Oliveira Dias, D., Göritz, C. "Fibrotic scarring following lesions to the central nervous system." Matrix BiologyFibrotic scarring following lesions to the central nervous system.Matrix Biology2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29428230/
Tanaka, M., Miyajima, A. "Liver regeneration and fibrosis after inflammation." Inflammation and RegenerationLiver regeneration and fibrosis after inflammation.Inflammation and Regeneration2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5725806/
Chen, W. et al. "Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration." Frontiers in Bioengineering and BiotechnologyCardiac Fibroblasts and Myocardial Regeneration.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8026894/
Larson, B. J., Longaker, M. T., Lorenz, H. P. "Scarless Fetal Wound Healing: A Basic Science Review." Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryScarless Fetal Wound Healing: A Basic Science Review.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4229131/
Ferguson, M. W. J., O'Kane, SPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1693414/
Seifert, A. W., Kiama, S. G., Seifert, M. G., Goheen, J. R., Palmer, T. M., Maden, MNature—2012https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11499
Hinz, B., Lagares, DNature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology—2020https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-020-0263-4
Godwin, J. W., Pinto, A. R., Rosenthal, N. AProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences—2013https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1300290110
Porrello, E. R., Mahmoud, A. I., Simpson, E., et alScience—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/
Ozarda, Y., Sikaris, K., Streichert, T., & Macri, JCritical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30047297/
Miller, W. G., Horowitz, G. L., Ceriotti, F., Fleming, J. K., Greenberg, N., Katayev, A., et alClinical Chemistry—2016https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/62/7/916/5611870
Apsley, A. T., Etzel, L., Ye, Q., & Shalev, IEpigenomics—2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12714307/
Roubenoff, RJournal of Gerontology Series A—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14630883/
Donini, L. M., et alObesity Facts—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9210010/
Melo, T. A., et alFrontiers in Nutrition—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9263164/
Andreoli, A., et alContrast Media & Molecular Imaging—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31275083/
Batsis, J. A., et alInternational Journal of Obesity—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26620887/
Woo, J., Leung, J., & Kwok, TObesity—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17636108/
McCoy, C. EUnderstanding the Use of Composite Endpoints in Clinical TrialsWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6040910/
Freemantle, N., et alComposite outcomes in randomized trials: greater precision but with greater uncertainty?JAMA2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12759327/
Cordoba, G., et alDefinition, reporting, and interpretation of composite outcomes in clinical trials: systematic reviewBMJ2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2923692/
Barzilai, N., et alMetformin as a Tool to Target AgingCell Metabolism2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5943638/
Vart, PHierarchical composite endpoints in clinical trials for multimorbid older adultsEClinicalMedicine2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12441725/
Hara, H., et alStatistical methods for composite endpointsEuroIntervention2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9724993/
Goodman, S. N., Fanelli, D., & Ioannidis, J. P. AScience Translational Medicine—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27252173/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineReproducibility and Replicability in Science—2019https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25303/reproducibility-and-replicability-in-science
Munafo, M. R., et alNature Human Behaviour—2017https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-016-0021
Lucanic, M., et alNature Communications—2017https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14256
Bell, C. G., et alGenome Biology—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6876109/
Cohen, JPsychological Bulletin—1992https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19565683/
Button, K. S., et alNature Reviews Neuroscience—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571845/
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. MBMJ—1995https://www.bmj.com/content/311/7003/485
Lochner, H. V., et alJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11701786/
Gelman, A., & Carlin, JPerspectives on Psychological Science—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26186114/
Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. AThe American Statistician—2016https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108
Egger, M., et alBMJ—1997https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2127453/
Panagiotou, O. A., et alInternational Journal of Epidemiology—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6942244/
Lee, D. H., et alEuropean Journal of Epidemiology—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8035269/
Pai, H., & Gulliford, M. CBMJ Open—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9341213/
Shea, M. K., et alAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3155925/
Supiano, M. A., Pajewski, N. M., & Williamson, J. DJournal of the American Geriatrics Society—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5777872/
Davey Smith, G., & Hemani, GHuman Molecular Genetics—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4170722/
Penninkilampi, R., & Eslick, G. DCNS Drugs—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926372/
Khan, M. S., et alJAMA Network Open—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6503494/
Oxman, M., et alF1000Research—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8756300/
Cofield, S. S., Corona, R. V., and Allison, D. BPublic Health Nutrition—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3280017/
van der Worp, H. B., et alPLOS Medicine—2010https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245
Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. GBritish Medical Journal—1986https://www.bmj.com/content/292/6522/746
Amrhein, V., Greenland, S., & McShane, BNature—2019https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9
Jaeschke, R., Singer, J., & Guyatt, G. HControlled Clinical Trials—1989https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2646486/
Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, RJournal of Graduate Medical Education—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3444174/
Sterne, J. A. C., & Smith, G. DBMJ—2001https://www.bmj.com/content/322/7280/226
Ho, J., Tumkaya, T., Aryal, S., Choi, H., & Claridge-Chang, ANature Methods—2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0470-3
Nichols, E., and Hayes-Larson, EBMJ—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12406907/
Hernan, M. A., Hernandez-Diaz, S., and Robins, J. MEpidemiology—2004https://journals.lww.com/epidem/abstract/2004/09000/a_structural_approach_to_selection_bias.8.aspx
Hollestein, L., Baser, O., Stricker, B. H. C., and Nijsten, TArchives of Public Health—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4582295/
Chewning, BBMJ—2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1488753/
Tabula Muris ConsortiumA single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes ageing tissues in the mouseNature2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8240505/
Uyar, B. et al.Single-cell analyses of aging, inflammation and senescenceAgeing Research Reviews2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7493798/
Luecken, M. D. and Theis, F. J.Current best practices in single-cell RNA-seq analysis: a tutorialMolecular Systems Biology2019https://link.springer.com/article/10.15252/msb.20188746
Lu, T.-C. et al.Aging Fly Cell Atlas identifies exhaustive aging features at cellular resolutionScience2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37319212/
Bartz, J. et al.Human Cell Aging Transcriptome Atlas (HCATA): a single-cell atlas of age-associated transcriptomic alterations across human tissuesCommunications Biology2025https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08845-8
Jin, K. et al.Brain-wide cell-type-specific transcriptomic signatures of healthy ageing in miceNature2025https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08350-8
Jeffries, A. M. et al.Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brainNature2025https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09435-8
Wang, B. et al.The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implicationsNature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology2024https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-024-00727-x
Wechter, N. et al.Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers diverse and dynamic senescent cell populationsAging2023https://www.aging-us.com/article/204666/text
Jaiswal, S. et al.Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomesNew England Journal of Medicine2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4306669/
Gao, X. et al.The aging hematopoietic stem cell niche: a mini reviewFrontiers in Hematology2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12237420/
Kharchenko, P. V.The triumphs and limitations of computational methods for scRNA-seqNature Methods2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01171-x
Denisenko, E. et al.Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflowsGenome Biology2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32487174/
Phillip, J. M., et al.The Mechanobiology of AgingAnnual Review of Biomedical Engineering2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4886230/
De Luca, M.The role of the cell-matrix interface in aging and its interaction with the renin-angiotensin system in the aged vasculatureMechanisms of Ageing and Development2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6170735/
Paluch, E. K., et al.Mechanotransduction: use the force(s)BMC Biology2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4491211/
Ge, H., et al.Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: New Areas Affecting Cell MetabolismFrontiers in Oncology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7943852/
Vatner, S. F. et al.Vascular Stiffness in Aging and DiseaseFrontiers in Physiology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8688960/
Pavan, P., et al.Alterations of Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties Contribute to Age-Related Functional Impairment of Human Skeletal MusclesInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7312402/
Kaur, A., et al.Remodeling of the Collagen Matrix in Aging Skin Promotes Melanoma Metastasis and Affects Immune Cell MotilityCancer Discovery2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279173/
Mebratu, Y. A., et al.The aged extracellular matrix and the profibrotic role of senescence-associated secretory phenotypeAmerican Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10511170/
Engler, A. J., et al.Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specificationCell2006https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044
Bajpai, A., et al.The cellular mechanobiology of aging: from biology to mechanicsAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8102302/
Cawthon, R. MTelomere measurement by quantitative PCRNucleic Acids Research2002https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/30/10/e47/1031599
Aubert, G., & Lansdorp, P. MTelomeres and agingPhysiological Reviews2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18391173/
Mather, K. A., Jorm, A. F., Parslow, R. A., & Christensen, HIs telomere length a biomarker of aging? A reviewThe Journals of Gerontology: Series A2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030466/
Sanders, J. L., & Newman, A. BTelomere length in epidemiology: a biomarker of aging, age-related disease, both, or neither?Epidemiologic Reviews2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4707879/
Haycock, P. C., et alLeucocyte telomere length and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4086028/
Gutierrez-Rodrigues, F., et alDirect Comparison of Flow-FISH and qPCR as Diagnostic Tests for Telomere Length Measurement in HumansPLoS ONE2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4237503/
Wang, Q., et alTelomere Length and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-analysisAgeing Research Reviews2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30254001/
Vaiserman, A., & Krasnienkov, DTelomere Length as a Marker of Biological Age: State-of-the-Art, Open Issues, and Future PerspectivesFrontiers in Genetics2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7859450/
Codd, V., et alPolygenic basis and biomedical consequences of telomere length variationNature Genetics2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8492471/
Imai, K., Sato, H., Hori, M., et alVagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise is accelerated in athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failureJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 24(6), 1529-15351994https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7930286/
Seals, D. R., Taylor, J. A., Ng, A. V., & Esler, M. DExercise and aging: autonomic control of the circulationMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), 568-5761994https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8007804/
Cole, C. R., Blackstone, E. H., Pashkow, F. J., Snader, C. E., & Lauer, M. SHeart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortalityNew England Journal of Medicine, 341(18), 1351-13571999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10536127/
Cole, C. R., Foody, J. M., Blackstone, E. H., & Lauer, M. SHeart rate recovery after submaximal exercise testing as a predictor of mortality in a cardiovascularly healthy cohortAnnals of Internal Medicine, 132(7), 552-5552000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10744592/
Morshedi-Meibodi, A., Larson, M. G., Levy, D., O'Donnell, C. J., & Vasan, R. SHeart rate recovery after treadmill exercise testing and risk of cardiovascular disease events (The Framingham Heart Study)American Journal of Cardiology, 90(8), 848-8522002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12372572/
Yawn, B. P., Ammar, K. A., Thomas, R., & Wollan, P. CTest-retest reproducibility of heart rate recovery after treadmill exerciseAnnals of Family Medicine, 1(4), 236-2412003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15055414/
Tulumen, E., Khalilayeva, I., Aytemir, K., et alThe reproducibility of heart rate recovery after treadmill exercise testAnnals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 16(4), 365-3722011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22008492/
Pecanha, T., Silva-Junior, N. D., & Forjaz, C. L. MHeart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and association with mortality and cardiovascular diseasesClinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 34(5), 327-3392014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24237859/
Pecanha, T., Bartels, R., Brito, L. C., Paula-Ribeiro, M., Oliveira, R. S., & Goldberger, J. JMethods of assessment of the post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery: a methodological reviewInternational Journal of Cardiology, 227, 795-8022017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27836300/
Qiu, S., Cai, X., Sun, Z., Li, L., Zuegel, M., Steinacker, J. M., & Schumann, UHeart rate recovery and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studiesJournal of the American Heart Association, 6(5), e0055052017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28487388/
Sydo, N., Sydo, T., Gonzalez Carta, K. A., et alPrognostic performance of heart rate recovery on an exercise test in a primary prevention populationJournal of the American Heart Association, 7(7), e0081432018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29581219/
Taanman, J. W. "The mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication." Biochimica et Biophysica ActaThe mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1999https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00161-3
Taylor, R. W., & Turnbull, D. M. "Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease." Nature Reviews GeneticsMitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease.Nature Reviews Genetics2005https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1606
Greaves, L. C., & Turnbull, D. M. "Mitochondrial DNA mutations and ageing." Biochimica et Biophysica ActaMitochondrial DNA mutations and ageing.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta2009https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.018
Kujoth, G. C. et al. "Mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging." ScienceMitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging.Science2005https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112125
Vermulst, M. et al. "DNA deletions and clonal mutations drive premature aging in mitochondrial mutator mice." Nature GeneticsDNA deletions and clonal mutations drive premature aging in mitochondrial mutator mice.Nature Genetics2008https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.95
Cao, Z. et al. "Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations are concomitant with ragged red regions of individual, aged muscle fibers." Nucleic Acids ResearchMitochondrial DNA deletion mutations are concomitant with ragged red regions of individual, aged muscle fibers.Nucleic Acids Research2001https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC60181/
Bender, A. et al. "High levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease." Nature GeneticsHigh levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease.Nature Genetics2006https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1769
Kraytsberg, Y. et al. "Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons." Nature GeneticsMitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons.Nature Genetics2006https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1778
Taylor, R. W. et al. "Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human colonic crypt stem cells." Journal of Clinical InvestigationMitochondrial DNA mutations in human colonic crypt stem cells.Journal of Clinical Investigation2003https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC228466/
Nooteboom, M. et al. "Age-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to small but significant changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colonic crypts." Aging CellAge-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to small but significant changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colonic crypts.Aging Cell2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2816353/
Yousefzadeh, M. J., Robbins, P. D., & Huffman, D. MAging—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9037264/
Katsimpardi, L., et alScience—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123747/
Mehdipour, M., et alAging—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7288913/
Rodriguez, K. A. et alMolecular mechanisms of proteasome plasticity in agingMechanisms of Ageing and Development2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2849732/
Barbosa, M. C. et alHallmarks of Aging: An Autophagic PerspectiveFrontiers in Endocrinology2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6333684/
Chen, G., Kroemer, G., & Kepp, O.Mitophagy: An Emerging Role in Aging and Age-Associated DiseasesFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7113588/
Nixon, R. AThe aging lysosome: an essential catalyst for late-onset neurodegenerative diseasesBiochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7388076/
Guerrero-Navarro, L., Jansen-Dürr, P., & Cavinato, M.Age-Related Lysosomal DysfunctionsCells2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9221958/
Ilie, O.-D. et alMini-Review on Lipofuscin and Aging: Focusing on The Molecular Interface, The Biological Recycling Mechanism, Oxidative Stress, and The Gut-Brain Axis FunctionalityMedicina2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7699382/
McEwen, B. S., & Stellar, EStress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to diseaseArchives of Internal Medicine1993https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8379800/
McEwen, B. S., & Seeman, TProtective and damaging effects of mediators of stress. Elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic loadAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10681886/
Seeman, T. E., McEwen, B. S., Rowe, J. W., & Singer, B. HAllostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful agingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2001https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC31909/
Karlamangla, A. S., Singer, B. H., McEwen, B. S., Rowe, J. W., & Seeman, T. EAllostatic load as a predictor of functional decline. MacArthur studies of successful agingJournal of Clinical Epidemiology2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12160918/
Juster, R.-P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. JAllostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognitionNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews2010https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002
Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G. AAllostatic Load and Its Impact on Health: A Systematic ReviewPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32799204/
D'Amico, D., Amestoy, M. E., & Fiocco, A. JThe association between allostatic load and cognitive function: A systematic and meta-analytic reviewPsychoneuroendocrinology2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32892066/
Polick, C. S., Harris-Gersten, M. L., Dennis, P. A., et alAllostatic Load, Morbidity, and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Multi-Wave Analysis From the National Health and Aging Trends StudyJournal of Aging and Health2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38299792/
Arkesteijn, M., Bennett, R., Davies, J. L., & Sumner, R. CDoes Allostatic Load in 50-89-Year-Olds Predict the Development of Frailty? Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study Over 12 YearsStress and Health2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11878747/
Doan, S. NAllostatic load: Developmental and conceptual considerations in a multi-system physiological indicator of chronic stress exposureDevelopmental Psychobiology2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33650132/
Ming, G. L., & Song, HAdult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questionsNeuron2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106107/
Bond, A. M., Ming, G. L., & Song, HAdult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades LaterCell Stem Cell2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4683085/
Kempermann, G. et alHuman Adult Neurogenesis: Evidence and Remaining QuestionsCell Stem Cell2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29681514/
Kuhn, H. G., Dickinson-Anson, H., & Gage, F. HNeurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat: age-related decrease of neuronal progenitor proliferationJournal of Neuroscience1996https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6578509/
Encinas, J. M. et alDivision-Coupled Astrocytic Differentiation and Age-Related Depletion of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult HippocampusCell Stem Cell2011https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590911001202
Eriksson, P. S. et alNeurogenesis in the adult human hippocampusNature Medicine1998https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1198_1313
Spalding, K. L. et alDynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humansCell2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4394608/
Boldrini, M. et alHuman Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout AgingCell Stem Cell2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5957089/
Sorrells, S. F. et alHuman hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adultsNature2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6179355/
Moreno-Jimenez, E. P. et alAdult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer's diseaseNature Medicine2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0375-9
Ruby, J. G. et al.Estimates of the Heritability of Human Longevity Are Substantially Inflated due to Assortative MatingGenetics2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6218226/
National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceHypertension in adults: diagnosis and management (NG136)NICE guideline—https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136/chapter/recommendations
National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceType 2 diabetes in adults: management—initial medicines (NG28)NICE guideline2026https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG28/chapter/initial-medicines
British Geriatrics SocietyFit for Frailty: Recognition and management of frailty in individuals in community and outpatient settingsClinical guidance—https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-05-14/fff2_short.pdf
Barker, N. et al. "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5." NatureIdentification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5.Nature2007https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06196
Sato, T. et al. "Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche." NatureSingle Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.Nature2009https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07935
Santos, A. J. M. et al. "The Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: Homeostasis and Adaptations." Trends in Cell BiologyThe Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: Homeostasis and Adaptations.Trends in Cell Biology2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6338454/
Ayyaz, A. et al. "Single-cell transcriptomes of the regenerating intestine reveal a revival stem cell." NatureSingle-cell transcriptomes of the regenerating intestine reveal a revival stem cell.Nature2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1154-y
van Es, J. H. et al. "Dll1+ secretory progenitor cells revert to stem cells upon crypt damage." Nature Cell BiologyDll1+ secretory progenitor cells revert to stem cells upon crypt damage.Nature Cell Biology2012https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb2581
Nalapareddy, K. et al. "Canonical Wnt Signaling Ameliorates Aging of Intestinal Stem Cells." Cell ReportsCanonical Wnt Signaling Ameliorates Aging of Intestinal Stem Cells.Cell Reports2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5987258/
Moorefield, E. C. et al. "Aging effects on intestinal homeostasis associated with expansion and dysfunction of intestinal epithelial stem cells." AgingAging effects on intestinal homeostasis associated with expansion and dysfunction of intestinal epithelial stem cells.Aging2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5611984/
Pentinmikko, N. et al. "Notum produced by Paneth cells attenuates regeneration of aged intestinal epithelium." NatureNotum produced by Paneth cells attenuates regeneration of aged intestinal epithelium.Nature2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1383-0
Blokzijl, F. et al. "Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life." NatureTissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life.Nature2016https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19768
Lee-Six, H. et al. "The landscape of somatic mutation in normal colorectal epithelial cells." NatureThe landscape of somatic mutation in normal colorectal epithelial cells.Nature2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1672-7
Wilms, E. et al. "Intestinal barrier function is maintained with aging – a comprehensive study in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome patients." Scientific ReportsIntestinal barrier function is maintained with aging – a comprehensive study in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome patients.Scientific Reports2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6965102/
Nalapareddy, K., Zheng, Y., Geiger, H. "Aging of intestinal stem cells." Stem Cell ReportsAging of intestinal stem cells.Stem Cell Reports2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9023768/
Hickey, J. W. et al. "Organization of the human intestine at single-cell resolution." NatureOrganization of the human intestine at single-cell resolution.Nature2023https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05915-x
Hageb, A. et al. "Reduced adhesion of aged intestinal stem cells contributes to an accelerated clonal drift." Life Science AllianceReduced adhesion of aged intestinal stem cells contributes to an accelerated clonal drift.Life Science Alliance2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9057243/
Jui, J., & Goldman, DAnnual Review of Genetics—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38876121/
Ramachandran, R., Fausett, B. V., & Goldman, DJournal of Neuroscience—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18234889/
Jorstad, N. L., Wilken, M. S., Grimes, W. N., et alNature—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28746305/
Pearson, R. A., Barber, A. C., Rizzi, M., et alNature—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522934/
da Cruz, L., Fynes, K., Georgiadis, O., et alNature Biotechnology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553577/
Mehat, M. S., Sundaram, V., Ripamonti, C., et alOphthalmology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29884405/
Hirami, Y., Mandai, M., Sugita, S., et alCell Stem Cell—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38065067/
Ozaki, A., Kawai, A., Akiba, R., et alMolecular Therapy—2026https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42365435/
Russell, S., Bennett, J., Wellman, J. A., et alThe Lancet—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28712537/
Sahel, J.-A., Boulanger-Scemama, E., Pagot, C., et alNature Medicine—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34031601/
Martins, R. R., Zamzam, M., Tracey-White, D., et alAging Cell—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315590/
Potente, M., Gerhardt, H., & Carmeliet, PCell—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925313/
Johnson, K. E., & Wilgus, T. AAdvances in Wound Care—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4183920/
Bao, P., Kodra, A., Tomic-Canic, M., Golinko, M. S., Ehrlich, H. P., & Brem, HJournal of Surgical Research—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2728016/
DiPietro, L. AJournal of Leukocyte Biology—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6608066/
Gurevich, D. B., Severn, C. E., Twomey, C., et alThe EMBO Journal—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6028026/
Rafii, S., Butler, J. M., & Ding, B.-SNature—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4878406/
Ding, B.-S., Nolan, D. J., Butler, J. M., et alNature—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3058628/
Galiano, R. D., Tepper, O. M., Pelo, C. R., et alAmerican Journal of Pathology—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1615774/
Liu, L., Marti, G. P., Wei, X., et alJournal of Cellular Physiology—2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2716010/
Matsuo, R., Kishibe, M., Horiuchi, K., et alJID Innovations—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573932/
Jang, H. et al. "Aging of hair follicle stem cells and their niches." BMB ReportsAging of hair follicle stem cells and their niches.BMB Reports2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9887102/
Oh, J. W. et al. "A Guide to Studying Human Hair Follicle Cycling In Vivo." Journal of Investigative DermatologyA Guide to Studying Human Hair Follicle Cycling In Vivo.Journal of Investigative Dermatology2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4785090/
Matsumura, H. et al. "Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis." ScienceHair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis.Science2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26912707/
Koester, J. et al. "Niche stiffening compromises hair follicle stem cell potential during ageing by reducing bivalent promoter accessibility." Nature Cell BiologyNiche stiffening compromises hair follicle stem cell potential during ageing by reducing bivalent promoter accessibility.Nature Cell Biology2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-021-00705-x
Nishimura, E. K., Granter, S. R., Fisher, D. E. "Mechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche." ScienceMechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche.Science2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15618488/
Ito, M. et al. "Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding." NatureWnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding.Nature2007https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05766
Doles, J. et al. "Age-associated inflammation inhibits epidermal stem cell function." Genes & DevelopmentAge-associated inflammation inhibits epidermal stem cell function.Genes & Development2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3465736/
Oak, A. S. W., Cotsarelis, G. "Wound-Induced Hair Neogenesis: A Portal to the Development of New Therapies for Hair Loss and Wound Regeneration." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in BiologyWound-Induced Hair Neogenesis: A Portal to the Development of New Therapies for Hair Loss and Wound Regeneration.Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899649/
McLaughlin, K. A., & Levin, MDevelopmental Biology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29291972/
Adams, D. S., Masi, A., & Levin, MXenopusDevelopment2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17329365/
Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Adams, D. S., & Levin, MChemistry & Biology—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3278711/
Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Lemire, J. M., & Levin, MDevelopment—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3597208/
Durant, F., Morokuma, J., Fields, C., Williams, K., Adams, D. S., & Levin, MBiophysical Journal—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28538159/
Zhao, M., Song, B., Pu, J., et alNature—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16871217/
Franklin, B. M., Voss, S. R., & Osborn, J. LMechanisms of Development—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6386162/
Yi, C., Spitters, T. W. G. M., Al-Far, E. A.-D. A., et aleLife—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8110307/
Chang-Panesso, M., Kadyrov, F. F., Lalli, M., et alJournal of Clinical Investigation—2019https://www.jci.org/articles/view/125519
Lee, S., Huen, S., Nishio, H., et alJournal of the American Society of Nephrology—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3029904/
Aggarwal, S., Grange, J., Mugisho, O. O., et alScience—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38386758/
Kwon, O., Hong, S.-M., Sutton, T. A., & Temm, C. JAmerican Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18562634/
Klocke, J., Kim, S. J., Skopnik, C. M., et alKidney International—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049643/
Marquez-Exposito, L., Tejedor-Santamaria, L., Valentijn, F. A., et alFrontiers in Pharmacology—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34239439/
Lu, P., Takai, K., Weaver, V. M., & Werb, ZCold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225943/
Gattazzo, F., Urciuolo, A., & Bonaldo, PBiochimica et Biophysica Acta—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081568/
Matsubayashi, YFly—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9302511/
Garcia-Puig, A., Mosquera, J. L., Jimenez-Delgado, S., et alMolecular & Cellular Proteomics—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6731076/
Atala, A., Irvine, D. J., Moses, M., & Shaunak, SMRS Bulletin—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3826556/
Allen, J. B., Ludtka, C., James, B. D. "Sex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine." Annual Review of Biomedical EngineeringSex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37104652/
Klein, S. L., Flanagan, K. L. "Sex differences in immune responses." Nature Reviews ImmunologySex differences in immune responses.Nature Reviews Immunology2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27546235/
McHale, M. J. et al. "Increased fat deposition in injured skeletal muscle is regulated by sex-specific hormones." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative PhysiologyIncreased fat deposition in injured skeletal muscle is regulated by sex-specific hormones.American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22116509/
You, J. S., Barai, P., Chen, J. "Sex differences in skeletal muscle size, function, and myosin heavy chain isoform expression during post-injury regeneration in mice." Physiological ReportsSex differences in skeletal muscle size, function, and myosin heavy chain isoform expression during post-injury regeneration in mice.Physiological Reports2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37620103/
Seko, D. et al. "Estrogen Receptor beta Controls Muscle Growth and Regeneration in Young Female Mice." Stem Cell ReportsEstrogen Receptor beta Controls Muscle Growth and Regeneration in Young Female Mice.Stem Cell Reports2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32822588/
Batmunkh, B. et al. "Estrogen Accelerates Cell Proliferation through Estrogen Receptor alpha during Rat Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy." Acta Histochemica et CytochemicaEstrogen Accelerates Cell Proliferation through Estrogen Receptor alpha during Rat Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy.Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28386149/
Vogt, A. et al. "The Effects of Gender on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Proliferation and Differentiation In Vitro: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular SciencesThe Effects of Gender on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Proliferation and Differentiation In Vitro: A Systematic Review.International Journal of Molecular Sciences2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39769346/
Spence, J. R., Mayhew, C. N., Rankin, S. A., et alNature—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151107/
Huch, M., Gehart, H., van Boxtel, R., et alCell—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533785/
Gjorevski, N., Sachs, N., Manfrin, A., et alNature—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27851739/
Takebe, T., Sekine, K., Enomura, M., et alNature—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23823721/
Jopling, C. et al. "Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation." NatureZebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation.Nature2010https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08899
Kikuchi, K. et al. "Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4-positive cardiomyocytes." NaturePrimary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4-positive cardiomyocytes.Nature2010https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08804
Knopf, F. et al. "Bone regenerates via dedifferentiation of osteoblasts in the zebrafish fin." Developmental CellBone regenerates via dedifferentiation of osteoblasts in the zebrafish fin.Developmental Cell2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21571227/
Kragl, M. et al. "Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration." NatureCells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration.Nature2009https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08152
Tata, P. R. et al. "Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo." NatureDedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo.Nature2013https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12777
Donati, G. et al. "Wounding induces dedifferentiation of epidermal Gata6-positive cells and acquisition of stem cell properties." Nature Cell BiologyWounding induces dedifferentiation of epidermal Gata6-positive cells and acquisition of stem cell properties.Nature Cell Biology2017https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb3532
Sehring, I. M. et al. "Zebrafish fin regeneration involves generic and regeneration-specific osteoblast injury responses." eLifeZebrafish fin regeneration involves generic and regeneration-specific osteoblast injury responses.eLife2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9259016/
Senyo, S. E. et al. "Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes." NatureMammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes.Nature2013https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11682
Yu, F.-X., Zhao, B., & Guan, K.-LCell—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4638384/
Wehner, D., Cizelsky, W., Vasudevaro, M. D., et alCell Reports—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24485658/
Carlson, M. E., Suetta, C., Conboy, M. J., et alEMBO Molecular Medicine—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2875071/
Gregorieff, A., Liu, Y., Inanlou, M. R., Khomchuk, Y., & Wrana, J. LNature—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26503053/
Yimlamai, D., Christodoulou, C., Galli, G. G., et alCell—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4136468/
Xue, J. et al. "Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals a spectrum model of human macrophage activation." ImmunityTranscriptome-based network analysis reveals a spectrum model of human macrophage activation.Immunity2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25035950/
Arnold, L. et al. "Inflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury switch into antiinflammatory macrophages to support myogenesis." Journal of Experimental MedicineInflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury switch into antiinflammatory macrophages to support myogenesis.Journal of Experimental Medicine2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17485518/
Shang, M. et al. "Macrophage-derived glutamine boosts satellite cells and muscle regeneration." NatureMacrophage-derived glutamine boosts satellite cells and muscle regeneration.Nature2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33116312/
Gurevich, D. B. et al. "Live imaging of wound angiogenesis reveals macrophage orchestrated vessel sprouting and regression." EMBO JournalLive imaging of wound angiogenesis reveals macrophage orchestrated vessel sprouting and regression.EMBO Journal2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29866703/
Godwin, J. W. et al. "Heart regeneration in the salamander relies on macrophage-mediated control of fibroblast activation and the extracellular landscape." npj Regenerative MedicineHeart regeneration in the salamander relies on macrophage-mediated control of fibroblast activation and the extracellular landscape.npj Regenerative Medicine2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29201433/
Epelman, S., Lavine, K. J., Randolph, G. J. "Origin and functions of tissue macrophages." ImmunityOrigin and functions of tissue macrophages.Immunity2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24439267/
Doran, A. C., Yurdagul, A. Jr., Tabas, I. "Efferocytosis in health and disease." Nature Reviews ImmunologyEfferocytosis in health and disease.Nature Reviews Immunology2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822793/
Reidy, P. T. et al. "Aging impairs mouse skeletal muscle macrophage polarization and muscle-specific abundance during recovery from disuse." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and MetabolismAging impairs mouse skeletal muscle macrophage polarization and muscle-specific abundance during recovery from disuse.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30964703/
McCusker, C., Bryant, S. V., Gardiner, D. M. "The axolotl limb blastema: cellular and molecular mechanisms driving blastema formation and limb regeneration in tetrapods." RegenerationThe axolotl limb blastema: cellular and molecular mechanisms driving blastema formation and limb regeneration in tetrapods.Regeneration2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4895312/
Currie, J. D. et al. "Live imaging of axolotl digit regeneration reveals spatiotemporal choreography of diverse connective tissue progenitor pools." Developmental CellLive imaging of axolotl digit regeneration reveals spatiotemporal choreography of diverse connective tissue progenitor pools.Developmental Cell2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5127896/
Gerber, T. et al. "Single-cell analysis uncovers convergence of cell identities during axolotl limb regeneration." ScienceSingle-cell analysis uncovers convergence of cell identities during axolotl limb regeneration.Science2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669047/
Ferris, D. R. et al. "Ex vivo generation of a functional and regenerative wound epithelium from axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) skin." Development, Growth & DifferentiationEx vivo generation of a functional and regenerative wound epithelium from axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) skin.Development, Growth & Differentiation2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20874715/
Kumar, A. et al. "Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate." ScienceMolecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate.Science2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2696928/
Monaghan, J. R. et al. "Gene expression patterns specific to the regenerating limb of the Mexican axolotl." Biology OpenGene expression patterns specific to the regenerating limb of the Mexican axolotl.Biology Open2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23213371/
Nacu, E. et al. "FGF8 and SHH substitute for anterior-posterior tissue interactions to induce limb regeneration." NatureFGF8 and SHH substitute for anterior-posterior tissue interactions to induce limb regeneration.Nature2016https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17972
Haas, B. J., Whited, J. L. "Advances in decoding axolotl limb regeneration." Trends in GeneticsAdvances in decoding axolotl limb regeneration.Trends in Genetics2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5534018/
Otsuki, L. et al. "Molecular basis of positional memory in limb regeneration." NatureMolecular basis of positional memory in limb regeneration.Nature2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12176643/
Coste, B., Mathur, J., Schmidt, M., et alScience—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20813920/
Dupont, S., Morsut, L., Aragona, M., et alNature—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21654799/
Hirano, K., Tsuchiya, M., Shiomi, A., et alLife Science Alliance—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36446523/
Gilbert, P. M., Havenstrite, K. L., Magnusson, K. E. G., et alScience—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2929271/
Silver, J. S., Günay, K. A., Cutler, A. A., et alScience Advances—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7954458/
Elosegui-Artola, A., Andreu, I., Beedle, A. E. M., et alCell—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107331/
Fullerton, J. N., Gilroy, D. W. "Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier." Nature Reviews Drug DiscoveryResolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier.Nature Reviews Drug Discovery2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27020098/
Murray, P. J., Wynn, T. A. "Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets." Nature Reviews ImmunologyProtective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets.Nature Reviews Immunology2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350564/
Schilperoort, M. et al. "The role of efferocytosis-fueled macrophage metabolism in the resolution of inflammation." Immunological ReviewsThe role of efferocytosis-fueled macrophage metabolism in the resolution of inflammation.Immunological Reviews2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37158427/
Tsarouchas, T. M. et al. "Neutrophil immune profile guides spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish." Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityNeutrophil immune profile guides spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish.Brain, Behavior, and Immunity2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38925414/
Yurdagul, A. Jr. et al. "Macrophage metabolism of apoptotic cell-derived arginine promotes continual efferocytosis and resolution of injury." Cell MetabolismMacrophage metabolism of apoptotic cell-derived arginine promotes continual efferocytosis and resolution of injury.Cell Metabolism2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32004476/
Oishi, Y. et al. "Macrophage SREBP1 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration." Frontiers in ImmunologyMacrophage SREBP1 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration.Frontiers in Immunology2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38259495/
Ojeh, N. et al. "Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications." International Journal of Molecular SciencesStem Cells in Skin Regeneration, Wound Healing, and Their Clinical Applications.International Journal of Molecular Sciences2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4632811/
Solé-Boldo, L. et al. "Single-cell transcriptomes of the human skin reveal age-related loss of fibroblast priming." Communications BiologySingle-cell transcriptomes of the human skin reveal age-related loss of fibroblast priming.Communications Biology2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7181753/
Raja, E., Clarin, M. T. R. D. C., Yanagisawa, H. "Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin." International Journal of Molecular SciencesMatricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin.International Journal of Molecular Sciences2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10531864/
Bentov, I., Reed, M. J. "The Effect of Aging on the Cutaneous Microvasculature." Microvascular ResearchThe Effect of Aging on the Cutaneous Microvasculature.Microvascular Research2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4461519/
Dube, C. T. et al. "Age-Related Alterations in Macrophage Distribution and Function Are Associated With Delayed Cutaneous Wound Healing." Frontiers in ImmunologyAge-Related Alterations in Macrophage Distribution and Function Are Associated With Delayed Cutaneous Wound Healing.Frontiers in Immunology2022https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.943159/full
Low, E. et al. "How good is the evidence that cellular senescence causes skin ageing?" Ageing Research ReviewsHow good is the evidence that cellular senescence causes skin ageing?Ageing Research Reviews2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8524668/
Wells, J. M., Watt, F. MNature—2018https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0073-7
Romagnani, P., Rinkevich, Y., Dekel, BNature Reviews Nephrology—2015https://www.nature.com/articles/nrneph.2015.67
Trachtenberg, J. E., Vo, T. N., Mikos, A. GAnnals of Biomedical Engineering—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4380647/
Bois, A., et alnpj Regenerative Medicine—2025https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-025-00394-2
Huang, W., Percie du Sert, N., Vollert, J., Rice, A. S. CHandbook of Experimental Pharmacology—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7610693/
Basso, D. M., et alJournal of Neurotrauma—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16689667/
Wagner, D. E., Klein, A. MNature Reviews Genetics—2020https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0223-2
Mauro, AJournal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology—1961https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13768451/
Yin, H., Price, F., Rudnicki, M. APhysiological Reviews—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23303905/
Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F., Rudnicki, M. ACell—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17540178/
Bjornson, C. R. R., Cheung, T. H., Liu, L., et alStem Cells—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22045613/
Yamamoto, M., Legendre, N. P., Biswas, A. A., et alStem Cell Reports—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29478898/
Jackson, J. R., Mula, J., Kirby, T. J., et alAmerican Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22895262/
Tidball, J. GNature Reviews Immunology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28163303/
Gurevich, D. B., Nguyen, P. D., Siegel, A. L., et alScience—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27198673/
Miyaoka, Y., Ebato, K., Kato, H., et alCurrent Biology—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22658593/
Aoki, T., Imamura, H., Matsuyama, Y., et alJournal of Gastrointestinal Surgery—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21710329/
Olthoff, K. M., Emond, J. C., Shearon, T. H., et alLiver Transplantation—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4276514/
Raven, A., Lu, W.-Y., Man, T. Y., et alNature—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5522613/
Cressman, D. E., Greenbaum, L. E., DeAngelis, R. A., et alScience—1996https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8910279/
Yamanaka, N., Okamoto, E., Kawamura, E., et alHepatology—1993https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8392029/
Aierken, Y., Kong, L.-X., Li, B., et alMedicine—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32481371/
Enkhbold, C., Morine, Y., Utsunomiya, T., et alJournal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25682855/
Mori, S., Kim, H., Park, M.-S., et alHepato-Gastroenterology—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23574637/
Kaelin, W. G., Jr., & Ratcliffe, P. JMolecular Cell—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498744/
Ivan, M., Kondo, K., Yang, H., et alScience—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11292862/
Semenza, G. LCell—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3437543/
Duscher, D., Maan, Z. N., Whittam, A. J., et alPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26505703/
Majmundar, A. J., Skuli, N., Mesquita, R. C., et alMolecular and Cellular Biology—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22006022/
Yang, X., Yang, S., Wang, C., & Kuang, SJournal of Biological Chemistry—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28232488/
Puente, B. N., Kimura, W., Muralidhar, S. A., et alCell—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24766806/
Nakada, Y., Canseco, D. C., Thet, S., et alNature—2017https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20173
Rivera, K. R., et alCellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37562653/
Yin, A., Fu, W., Elengickal, A., et alJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38333911/
Tsissios, G., Leleu, M., Hu, K., et alScience—2026https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41955383/
Noble, A., Qubrosi, R., Cariba, S., Favaro, K., & Payne, S. LDevelopmental Dynamics—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37638700/
Stocum, D. LEuropean Journal of Neuroscience—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21929624/
Simões, M. G., Bensimon-Brito, A., Fonseca, M., et alBMC Developmental Biology—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25551555/
Wells, K. M., Kelley, K., Baumel, M., Vieira, W. A., & McCusker, C. DeLife—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779399/
Lu, Y.-Z., Nayer, B., Singh, S. K., et alNature—2024https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07237-y
Smith, P. G., & Liu, MCell and Tissue Research—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11904764/
Jessen, K. R., & Mirsky, RThe Journal of Physiology—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26864683/
Farkas, J. E., & Monaghan, J. RNeurogenesis—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459075/
Raven, A. et al. "Cholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration." NatureCholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration.Nature2017https://www.nature.com/articles/nature23015
Bergmann, O., Bhardwaj, R. D., Bernard, S., et alScience—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342590/
Bergmann, O., Zdunek, S., Felker, A., et alCell—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26073943/
van Berlo, J. H., Kanisicak, O., Maillet, M., et alNature—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24805242/
Vagnozzi, R. J., Maillet, M., Sargent, M. A., et alNature—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31775156/
Chong, J. J. H., Yang, X., Don, C. W., et alNature—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24776797/
Jebran, A.-F., Seidler, T., Tiburcy, M., et alNature—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39880949/
Khalid, K. A. et al. "Aging and Wound Healing of the Skin: A Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Hallmarks." LifeAging and Wound Healing of the Skin: A Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Hallmarks.Life2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9784880/
Thanapaul, R. J. R. S. et al. "An Insight into Aging, Senescence, and Their Impacts on Wound Healing." Advances in Geriatric Medicine and ResearchAn Insight into Aging, Senescence, and Their Impacts on Wound Healing.Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8373038/
Wang, Y., Wehling-Henricks, M., Welc, S. S., et alFASEB Journal—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30130434/
Ahmadi, M., Karlsen, A., Mehling, J., et alExperimental Gerontology—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36228835/
Jun, J.-I., Lau, L. F. "The matricellular protein CCN1 induces fibroblast senescence and restricts fibrosis in cutaneous wound healing." Nature Cell BiologyThe matricellular protein CCN1 induces fibroblast senescence and restricts fibrosis in cutaneous wound healing.Nature Cell Biology2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20526329/
Ritschka, B. et al. "The senescence-associated secretory phenotype induces cellular plasticity and tissue regeneration." Genes & DevelopmentThe senescence-associated secretory phenotype induces cellular plasticity and tissue regeneration.Genes & Development2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28143833/
Sousa-Victor, P. et al. "Geriatric muscle stem cells switch reversible quiescence into senescence." NatureGeriatric muscle stem cells switch reversible quiescence into senescence.Nature2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24522534/
Young, L. V. et al. "Muscle injury induces a transient senescence-like state that is required for myofiber growth during muscle regeneration." The FASEB JournalMuscle injury induces a transient senescence-like state that is required for myofiber growth during muscle regeneration.The FASEB Journal2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36190443/
Wijayasiri, P. et al. "Role of Hepatocyte Senescence in the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis Progression." CellsRole of Hepatocyte Senescence in the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis Progression.Cells2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35883664/
Burzyn, D. et al. "A special population of regulatory T cells potentiates muscle repair." CellA special population of regulatory T cells potentiates muscle repair.Cell2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24315098/
Arpaia, N. et al. "A Distinct Function of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Protection." CellA Distinct Function of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Protection.Cell2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26317471/
Naik, S. et al. "Inflammatory memory sensitizes skin epithelial stem cells to tissue damage." NatureInflammatory memory sensitizes skin epithelial stem cells to tissue damage.Nature2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29045388/
Wang, H. et al. "Altered macrophage phenotype transition impairs skeletal muscle regeneration." The American Journal of PathologyAltered macrophage phenotype transition impairs skeletal muscle regeneration.The American Journal of Pathology2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24525152/
Rinn, J. L. et al. "A dermal HOX transcriptional program regulates site-specific epidermal fate." Genes & DevelopmentA dermal HOX transcriptional program regulates site-specific epidermal fate.Genes & Development2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2216690/
Rodgers, J. T., King, K. Y., Brett, J. O., et alNature—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4065227/
Schell, J. C., Wisidagama, D. R., Bensard, C., et alNature Cell Biology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812582/
Wang, X., Menezes, C. J., Jia, Y., et alScience—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38870309/
Chaves-Perez, A., Millman, S. E., Janaki-Raman, S., et alNature—2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12240837/
Ciuffoli, V., Feng, X., Jiang, K., et alGenes & Development—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38453480/
Kang, J. et al. "Modulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements." NatureModulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements.Nature2016https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17644
Hirose, K., Shimoda, N., Kikuchi, Y. "Transient reduction of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with active DNA demethylation during regeneration of zebrafish fin." EpigeneticsTransient reduction of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with active DNA demethylation during regeneration of zebrafish fin.Epigenetics2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23880758/
Schwörer, S. et al. "Epigenetic stress responses induce muscle stem-cell ageing by Hoxa9 developmental signals." NatureEpigenetic stress responses induce muscle stem-cell ageing by Hoxa9 developmental signals.Nature2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27919074/
Kawaguchi, A. et al. "A chromatin code for limb segment identity in axolotl limb regeneration." Developmental CellA chromatin code for limb segment identity in axolotl limb regeneration.Developmental Cell2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788714/
Cordero, J. et al. "Leveraging chromatin state transitions for the identification of regulatory networks orchestrating heart regeneration." Nucleic Acids ResearchLeveraging chromatin state transitions for the identification of regulatory networks orchestrating heart regeneration.Nucleic Acids Research2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38364861/
Hunziker, E. BOsteoarthritis and Cartilage—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12056848/
Lotz, M., Loeser, R. FBone—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22487298/
Loeser, R. F., Gandhi, U., Long, D. L., et alArthritis & Rheumatology—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24664641/
Jeuken, R. M., et alOrthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34676269/
van der Kraan, P. M., Blaney Davidson, E. N., van den Berg, W. BArthritis Research & Therapy—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20156325/
Singla, M., et alScience—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41308124/
Nabhan, A. N., Brownfield, D. G., Harbury, P. B., Krasnow, M. A., & Desai, T. JScience—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420258/
Zacharias, W. J., Frank, D. B., Zepp, J. A., et alNature—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489752/
Rowbotham, S. P., Pessina, P., Garcia-de-Alba, C., et alDevelopmental Cell—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37977149/
Hirsch, M. S., Hildebrand, C. B., Geltinger, F., et alAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39088755/
Godoy, R. S., Cober, N. D., Cook, D. P., et aleLife—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37078698/
Einhorn, T. A., & Gerstenfeld, L. CNature Reviews Rheumatology—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4464690/
Lu, C., et alJournal of Orthopaedic Research—2005https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2844440/
Ambrosi, T. H., et alNature—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03795-7
Zou, N.-Y., et alBone Research—2024https://www.nature.com/articles/s41413-023-00309-1
Taormina, D. P., et alGeriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212425/
Saunders, G. H., & Echt, K. VTrends in Amplification—2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4111537/
Raina, P., Wong, M., & Massfeller, HBMC Geriatrics—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC425581/
Mueller-Schotte, S., et alThe Journals of Gerontology: Series A—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982391/
Kong, H. H., Shin, K., & Won, C. WInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9964928/
Assi, S., et alJournal of Aging and Health—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37505080/
Mick, P., et alCanadian Family Physician—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5962968/
Hwang, P. H., et alAlzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7340796/
Wood, I., et alAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36706321/
Ang, B. H., Oxley, J., Chen, W. S., & Lee, S. W. HJournal of Safety Research—2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.03.007
Molnar, L. J., et alAccident Analysis & Prevention—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23659865/
Huisingh, C., Levitan, E. B., Sawyer, P., Kennedy, R., Brown, C. J., & McGwin, GJournal of Applied Gerontology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26912737/
Webber, S. C., Porter, M. M., & Menec, V. HThe Gerontologist—2010https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq013
Pellichero, A., Lafont, S., Paire-Ficout, L., Fabrigoule, C., & Chavoix, CAnnals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine—2021https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.03.003
Dickerson, A. E., et alInnovation in Aging—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11212369/
Mander, B. A., Winer, J. R., & Walker, M. PNeuron—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5810920/
Landry, G. J., Best, J. R., & Liu-Ambrose, TFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4561455/
Li, J., Vitiello, M. V., & Gooneratne, N. SSleep Medicine Clinics—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5841578/
Blackwell, T., Yaffe, K., Laffan, A., et alSleep—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4044750/
Lee, Y.-H., Kong, D., Lee, Y.-T. H., et alEuropean Geriatric Medicine—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35191012/
Kim, M., Yoshida, H., Sasai, H., Kojima, N., & Kim, HGeriatrics & Gerontology International—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25312049/
Köhler, S., Soons, L. M., Tange, H., Deckers, K., & van Boxtel, M. P. JJournal of Alzheimer's Disease—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10741338/
Yogev-Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J. M., & Giladi, NMovement Disorders—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18058946/
Al-Yahya, E., Dawes, H., Smith, L., Dennis, A., Howells, K., & Cockburn, JNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20833198/
Smith, E., Cusack, T., Cunningham, C., & Blake, CJournal of Aging and Physical Activity—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28253049/
Gonçalves, J., Ansai, J. H., Masse, F. A. A., et alBrazilian Journal of Physical Therapy—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29636306/
Gutiérrez-Valencia, M., et alBritish Journal of Clinical Pharmacology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29575094/
Toh, J. J. Y., et alAgeing Research Reviews—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36455791/
Rodrigues, M. C. S., & de Oliveira, CRevista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27598380/
Al Rihani, S. B., et alDrugs & Aging—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34751922/
Yu, X., et alGeriatric Nursing—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39111065/
Wastesson, J. W., et alExpert Opinion on Drug Safety—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30540223/
Diamond, AAnnual Review of Psychology—2013https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. Dfrontal lobeCognitive Psychology2000https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
Carlson, M. C., Fried, L. P., Xue, Q. L., Bandeen-Roche, K., Zeger, S. L., & Brandt, JThe Journals of Gerontology: Series B—1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10542828/
Cahn-Weiner, D. A., Boyle, P. A., & Malloy, P. FApplied Neuropsychology—2002https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0903_8
Tomaszewski Farias, S., Cahn-Weiner, D. A., Harvey, D. J., et alThe Clinical Neuropsychologist—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2881703/
Overdorp, E. J., Kessels, R. P. C., Claassen, J. A., & Oosterman, J. MNeuropsychology Review—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4762929/
McAlister, C., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, MAging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708986/
Raimo, S., Maggi, G., Ilardi, C. R., et alNeurological Sciences—2024https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07366-2
Demontiero, O., Vidal, C., & Duque, GTherapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3383520/
Edwards, M. H., et alBone—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159464/
Larsson, B. A., et alOsteoporosis International—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33089354/
Haentjens, P., et alAnnals of Internal Medicine—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20231569/
Pollock, A. S., Durward, B. R., Rowe, P. J., & Paul, J. PClinical Rehabilitation—2000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10945424/
Salzman, BAmerican Family Physician—2010https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0701/p61.html
Jahn, K., Zwergal, A., & Schniepp, RDeutsches Arzteblatt International—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2872829/
Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. MMaturitas—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523272/
Hausdorff, J. M., Rios, D. A., & Edelberg, H. KArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11494184/
Rantanen, T., et alBMC Public Health—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3534010/
The Consensus Committee of the American Autonomic Society and the American Academy of NeurologyNeurology—1996https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.46.5.1470
Wieling, W., et alThe Lancet Neurology—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35841911/
Mol, A., et alJournal of the American Medical Directors Association—2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.003
O'Connell, M. D. L., et alArchives of Gerontology and Geriatrics—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25687529/
Olofsson, J. K., Ekstrom, I., Larsson, M., & Nordin, Si-Perception—2021https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20416695211020331
Doty, R. L., & Kamath, VFrontiers in Psychology—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3916729/
Bauer, S., Blanar, V., Pospichal, J., & Eglseer, DNutrition Reviews—2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12793606/
Alves, L. S. M., Munduri, J. M. S., Mattos, M. C. O., Stefani, C. M., & Dame-Teixeira, NFrontiers in Oral Health—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39703868/
Ponzo, V., Bo, M., Favaro, E., et alAging Clinical and Experimental Research—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10984891/
Laudisio, A., Navarini, L., Margiotta, D. P. E., et alMediators of Inflammation—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6402210/
Yeo, B. S. Y., Chan, J. H., Tan, B. K. J., et alJAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery—2024https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2821102
Clark, D., Kotronia, E., Ramsay, S. E., et alPeriodontology 2000—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8771712/
Villalobos, V., et alFrontiers in Immunology—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9630574/
Darveau, R. PNature Reviews Microbiology—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20514045/
Aquino-Martinez, R., Khosla, S., Farr, J. N., & Monroe, D. GInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33050175/
Chen, S., Zhou, D., Liu, O., Chen, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, YBiology—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9598109/
Hakeem, F. F., Bernabe, E., & Sabbah, WGerodontology—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31025772/
Li, L., Zhang, Q., Yang, D., et alFrontiers in Neurology—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10150074/
Rozas, N. S., Stephens, N., Lu, K. Y. F., & Jeter, C. BArchives of Oral Biology—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40349643/
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, ANature Reviews Endocrinology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30046148/
Lokman, N., Mohd Nayan, N. A., & Choong, E. K. MInternational Dental Journal—2026https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41380483/
Tinetti, M. E., Richman, D., & Powell, LJournal of Gerontology—1990https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2229948/
Delbaere, K., Close, J. C. T., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P., & Lord, S. RBMJ—2010https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4165
Makino, K., Makizako, H., Doi, T., et alInternational Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29231272/
Lim, J. H., Joo, M. J., Ko, J., Kim, D. B., Park, E. C., & Ha, M. JThe Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435859/
Sánchez-Sánchez, J. L., Lu, W.-H., Gallardo-Gómez, D., et alThe Lancet Healthy Longevity—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945130/
Chew, J., Lee, J., Hernandez, H. H. C., et alThe Journal of Frailty & Aging—2025https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12399253/
Giacomino, K., Hilfiker, R., Beckwée, D., Taeymans, J., & Sattelmayer, K. MPeerJ—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10590575/
Sager, M. A., Franke, T., Inouye, S. K., et alArchives of Internal Medicine—1996https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8629876/
Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. WJAMA—1963https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14044222/
Kortebein, P., Ferrando, A., Lombeida, J., Wolfe, R., & Evans, W. JJAMA—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17456818/
Dirks, M. L., Wall, B. T., van de Valk, B., et alDiabetes—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27358494/
Hajj-Boutros, G., Sonjak, V., Faust, A., et alGerontology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717560/
Greenleaf, J. E., Wade, C. E., & Leftheriotis, GAviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine—1989https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2751583/
van der Wiel, H. E., Lips, P., Nauta, J., Netelenbos, J. C., & Hazenberg, G. JBone and Mineral—1991https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2059676/
LeBlanc, A. D., Schneider, V. S., Evans, H. J., Engelbretson, D. A., & Krebs, J. MJournal of Bone and Mineral Research—1990https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2239368/
Scott, J. M., Downs, M., Buxton, R., et alCritical Care Explorations—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7688251/
ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function LaboratoriesAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12091180/
Holland, A. E., Spruit, M. A., Troosters, T., et alEuropean Respiratory Journal—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25359355/
Steffen, T. M., Hacker, T. A., & Mollinger, LPhysical Therapy—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11856064/
Ng, S. S., Yu, P. C., To, F. P., Chung, J. S., & Cheung, T. HPhysiotherapy—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23219645/
Cederholm, T., Jensen, G. L., Correia, M. I. T. D., et alClinical Nutrition—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181091/
Fávaro-Moreira, N. C., Krausch-Hofmann, S., Matthys, C., et alAdvances in Nutrition—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4863272/
Kramer, C. S., et alCurrent Developments in Nutrition—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8989279/
Almohaisen, N., Gittins, M., Todd, C., et alNutrients—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9032775/
Thomson, K. H., Rice, S., Arisa, O., et alHealth Technology Assessment—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9791461/
Kim, D. J., Massa, M. S., Potter, C. M., & Clarke, R. "Systematic review of the utility of the frailty index and frailty phenotype to predict all-cause mortality in older people." Systematic ReviewsSystematic review of the utility of the frailty index and frailty phenotype to predict all-cause mortality in older people.Systematic Reviews2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9438224/
Miller, D. S., Robert, P., Ereshefsky, L., et alAlzheimer's & Dementia—2021https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12358
Marin, R. S., Biedrzycki, R. C., & Firinciogullari, SPsychiatry Research—1991https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-V
Le Heron, C., Holroyd, C. B., Salamone, J., & Husain, MJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry—2019https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318265
Clarke, D. E., Ko, J. Y., Lyketsos, C., Rebok, G. W., & Eaton, W. WInternational Psychogeriatrics—2010https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610209991402
Ayers, E., Shapiro, M., Holtzer, R., Barzilai, N., Milman, S., & Verghese, JThe Journal of Clinical Psychiatry—2017https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10113
Connors, M. H., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Ames, D., Woodward, M., & Brodaty, HAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry—2023https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674221114597
Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. AExercise and Sport Sciences Reviews—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3245773/
Alcazar, J., Kamper, R. S., Aagaard, P., et alScientific Reports—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004970/
Alcazar, J., Alegre, L. M., Suetta, C., et alMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107507/
Hunter, S. K., Pereira, H. M., & Keenan, K. GJournal of Applied Physiology—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5142309/
Portegijs, E., et alBMC Research Notes—2014https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-323
Hinrichs, T., et alEuropean Review of Aging and Physical Activity—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7700712/
Yamasoba, T., et alHearing Research—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3723756/
Shukla, A., et alOtolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8292986/
Spector, W. D., Katz, S., Murphy, J. B., & Fulton, J. PJournal of Chronic Diseases—1987https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3597653/
Jekel, K., Damian, M., Wattmo, C., et alAlzheimer's Research & Therapy—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4374414/
Pashmdarfard, M., & Azad, AMedical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7320974/
Bravell, M. E., Zarit, S. H., & Johansson, BEuropean Journal of Ageing—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5547338/
Romero-Ayuso, D., Castillero-Perea, A., González, P., et alDisability and Rehabilitation—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31549907/
Gaugler, J. E., Yu, F., Krichbaum, K., & Wyman, J. FMedical Care—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169120/
Lucas, R. EJournal of Personality and Social Psychology—2007https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.717
Szanton, S. L., Xue, Q.-L., Leff, B., et alJAMA Internal Medicine—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6439640/
Rosenwohl-Mack, A., Schumacher, K., Fang, M.-L., & Fukuoka, YInternational Journal of Nursing Studies—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7556794/
Bell, T. M., Wang, J., Nolly, R., Ozdenerol, E., Relyea, G., & Zarzaur, B. LAnnals of Epidemiology—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26481503/
Gavrila Laic, R. A., Bogaert, L., Vander Sloten, J., & Depreitere, BBrain & Spine—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9560680/
Rafaqat, W., Panossian, V. S., Abiad, M., et alSurgery—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39107141/
Al Hanna, R., Amatya, B., Lizama, L. E., Galea, M. P., & Khan, FJournal of Rehabilitation Medicine—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32940713/
Larose, J., Wright, H. E., Stapleton, J., et alAmerican Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23883671/
Takeda, R., Imai, D., Suzuki, A., et alEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27015984/
Meade, R. D., Akerman, A. P., Notley, S. R., et alEnvironmental Health Perspectives—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10852046/
Vandentorren, S., Bretin, P., Zeghnoun, A., et alEuropean Journal of Public Health—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17028103/
Hospers, L., Dillon, G. A., McLachlan, A. J., et alEClinicalMedicine—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11541675/
Günsche, S., Borg, M. A., Anikeeva, O., et alEnvironment International—2026https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41679084/
Zhang, R., Sun, L., Jia, A., et alThe Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11490898/
Gagnon, D., & Kenny, G. PJournal of Physiology—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3530110/
Pollak, C., et alResearch in Gerontological Nursing—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10926714/
Shankar, A., et alHealth Psychology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27786518/
Pan, C., & Yu, LJournal of Global Health—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10811563/
Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, IBlood—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141943/
Poole, D. C., & Jones, A. MComprehensive Physiology—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23798293/
Dominelli, P. B., et alMayo Clinic Proceedings—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8026750/
den Elzen, W. P. J., Willems, J. M., Westendorp, R. G. J., et alCanadian Medical Association Journal—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2717683/
Wacka, E., et alJournal of Clinical Medicine—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11012269/
Cecchi, F., et alInternal and Emergency Medicine—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5691100/
Agrawal, Y., et alJournal of Vestibular Research—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9249286/
Bosmans, J., et alEar and Hearing—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33974775/
Harun, A., et alThe Patient—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4925240/
Dieteren, C. M., Samson, L. D., Schipper, M., et alPreventive Medicine—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653354/
Glynn, N. W., & Qiao, YFatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10707490/
Eldadah, B. APM&R—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20656622/
Lin, F. VThe American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10653728/
Bu, Z., et alBrain and Behavior—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7821586/
Erdinest, N., et alVision—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8544709/
Saftari, L. N., & Kwon, O. SJournal of Physiological Anthropology—2018https://jphysiolanthropol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40101-018-0170-1
Swenor, B. K., Munoz, B., & West, S. KInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3835273/
Christ, S. L., et alJAMA Ophthalmology—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7894742/
GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment CollaboratorsThe Lancet Global Health—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7820390/
Marson, D. CArchives of Clinical Neuropsychology—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5007080/
Niccolai, L. M., Triebel, K. L., Gerstenecker, A., et alClinical Gerontologist—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5412082/
Gamble, K. J., Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., & Bennett, D. AManagement Science—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4662381/
Sudo, F. K., & Laks, JAging & Mental Health—2017https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1226761
Wild, K., Marcoe, J., Mattek, N., et alAlzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8911546/
Widera, E., Steenpass, V., Marson, D., & Sudore, RHe didn't want me to take over.JAMA2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3799787/
Verleden, S. E., Kirby, M., Everaerts, S., et alThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33031747/
Schneider, J. L., Rowe, J. H., Garcia-de-Alba, C., et alCell—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8052295/
Bailey, K. LAdvances in Geriatric Medicine and Research—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9435381/
Bertels, X., Ross, J. C., Faner, R., et alERJ Open Research—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10851953/
GBD 2021 Low Back Pain CollaboratorsThe Lancet Rheumatology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37273833/
Haagsma, J. A., Polinder, S., Cassini, A., Colzani, E., & Havelaar, A. HPopulation Health Metrics—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4445691/
Imai, K., & Soneji, SJournal of the American Statistical Association—2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4533834/
Valentijn, F. A., Falke, L. L., Nguyen, T. Q., & Goldschmeding, RJournal of Cell Communication and Signaling—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5842195/
Rex, N., Melk, A., & Schmitt, RClinical Science—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10739085/
Healthy aging and chronic kidney diseaseKidney Research and Clinical Practice—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9731776/
Ageing meets kidney diseaseClinical Kidney Journal—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9976735/
Buchanan, S., Combet, E., Stenvinkel, P., & Shiels, P. GFrontiers in Endocrinology—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7481361/
Zhang, F., Wang, H., Bai, Y., et alBMC Nephrology—2023https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-023-03303-1
Shankland, S. J., Rule, A. D., Kutz, J. N., Pippin, J. W., & Wessely, OKidney360—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10758523/
Singh-Manoux, A., Martikainen, P., Ferrie, J., et alJournal of Epidemiology & Community Health—2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2566175/
Salomon, J. A., Tandon, A., & Murray, C. J. LBMJ—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC324453/
Idler, E. L., & Benyamini, YJournal of Health and Social Behavior—1997https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9097506/
Puthoff, M. LCardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal—2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2845214/
Kameniar, K., Mackintosh, S., Van Kessel, G., & Kumar, SJournal of Geriatric Physical Therapy—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35442231/
Hallowell, E. S., Sullivan, K. L., Davis, J. D., et alNeuropsychology—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35587411/
Patel, T., McDougall, A., Ivo, J., et alPharmacy—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8167785/
Beckman, A., Bernsten, C., Parker, M. G., Thorslund, M., & Fastbom, JPharmacy World & Science—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16341746/
Elliott, R. A., Goeman, D., Beanland, C., & Koch, SCurrent Clinical Pharmacology—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5396255/
Campbell, N. L., Boustani, M. A., Skopelja, E. N., Gao, S., Unverzagt, F. W., & Murray, M. DAmerican Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22657941/
Chun, S., Shin, D. W., Han, K., et alEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33838038/
Ortega-Bastidas, P., Gómez, B., Aqueveque, P., Luarte-Martínez, S., & Cano-de-la-Cuerda, RSensors—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050485/
Promislow, D., Anderson, R. M., Scheffer, M., et aliScience—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9044173/
Lei, H., Huffman, D. M., Salmon, A. B., et alAging Pathobiology and Therapeutics—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9038086/
Muhle, P., et alDer Nervenarzt—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25833400/
Baijens, L. W. J., et alClinical Interventions in Aging—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5063605/
Namasivayam-MacDonald, A. M., and Riquelme, L. FSeminars in Speech and Language—2019https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688837
Abu-Ghanem, S., et alDysphagia—2022https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10371-8
van der Maarel-Wierink, C. D., et alJournal of Dental Research—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21940518/
Cock, C., and Omari, TCurrent Gastroenterology Reports—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6371098/
Mann, W. C., et alArchives of Family Medicine—1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10333815/
Hoenig, H., et alAmerican Journal of Public Health—2003https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1447739/
Larsen, S. M., et alDisability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29683014/
Fotteler, M. L., et alJMIR Aging—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9016506/
Jones, C. J., Rikli, R. E., & Beam, W. CResearch Quarterly for Exercise and Sport—1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380242/
Sadeh, S., et alClinical Biomechanics—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37639862/
Cooper, R., Strand, B. H., Hardy, R., Patel, K. V., & Kuh, DBMJ—2014https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2219
Muñoz-Bermejo, L., et alBiology—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8228261/
Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., et alCMAJ—2005https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1188185/
Pugh, R. J., Ellison, A., Pye, K., et alAnaesthesia—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30793278/
Surkan, M., Rajabali, N., Bagshaw, S. M., et alCanadian Geriatrics Journal—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7458598/
Rueegg, M., Nissen, S. K., Brabrand, M., et alAcademic Emergency Medicine—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9320818/
Ryff, C. DPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics—2014https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
Steptoe, A., de Oliveira, C., Demakakos, P., & Zaninotto, PCMAJ—2014https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.131155
Keyes, C. L. MJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology—2005https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
Debès, C., et alNature—2023https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y
Stein, K. C., et alNature—2022https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04295-4
Nunomura, A., et alJournal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3288284/
Picca, A. et al. “Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease.” Nature MetabolismNature Metabolism—2023https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-023-00930-8
Aman, Y. et al. “Autophagy in healthy aging and disease.” Nature AgingNature Aging—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00098-4
Cappola, A. R. et al. "Hormones and Aging: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismHormones and Aging: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37326526/
van den Beld, A. W. et al. "The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing." The Lancet Diabetes & EndocrinologyThe physiology of endocrine systems with ageing.The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6089223/
Stuenkel, C. A. et al. "Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismTreatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26444994/
Matsumoto, A. M., & Bremner, W. J. "Age-Related Changes in the Male Reproductive System." EndotextAge-Related Changes in the Male Reproductive System.Endotext2021https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278998/
Cowen, L. E., Hodak, S. P., & Verbalis, J. G. "Age-Associated Abnormalities of Water Homeostasis." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North AmericaAge-Associated Abnormalities of Water Homeostasis.Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3682932/
Demanelis, K. et al. “Determinants of telomere length across human tissues.” ScienceScience—2020https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6876
Yang, J.-H. et al. "Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging." CellLoss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging.Cell2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10166133/
Enge, M. et al. "Single-Cell Analysis of Human Pancreas Reveals Transcriptional Signatures of Aging and Somatic Mutation Patterns." CellSingle-Cell Analysis of Human Pancreas Reveals Transcriptional Signatures of Aging and Somatic Mutation Patterns.Cell2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6047899/
Kimmel, J. C. et al. "Murine single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell-identity- and tissue-specific trajectories of aging." Genome ResearchMurine single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell-identity- and tissue-specific trajectories of aging.Genome Research2019https://genome.cshlp.org/content/29/12/2088
Li, J. et al. "A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of primate pancreatic islet aging." National Science ReviewA single-cell transcriptomic atlas of primate pancreatic islet aging.National Science Review2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8288398/
Oberdoerffer, P. et al. "SIRT1 redistribution on chromatin promotes genomic stability but alters gene expression during aging." CellSIRT1 redistribution on chromatin promotes genomic stability but alters gene expression during aging.Cell2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2853975/
Kumari, R., Jat, P. "Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental BiologyMechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8039141/
Cohn, R. L. et al. "The heterogeneity of cellular senescence: insights at the single-cell level." Trends in Cell BiologyThe heterogeneity of cellular senescence: insights at the single-cell level.Trends in Cell Biology2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9812642/
Idda, M. L. et al. "Survey of senescent cell markers with age in human tissues." AgingSurvey of senescent cell markers with age in human tissues.Aging2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7093180/
Norden, D. M., & Godbout, J. PNeuropathology and Applied Neurobiology—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3553257/
Deczkowska, A., Keren-Shaul, H., Weiner, A., Colonna, M., Schwartz, M., & Amit, ICell—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775591/
Ximerakis, M., et alNature Neuroscience—2019https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0491-3
Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D. T., & Latz, ENature Immunology—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689443/
Gorbunova, V. et al. "The role of retrotransposable elements in ageing and age-associated diseases." NatureThe role of retrotransposable elements in ageing and age-associated diseases.Nature2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03542-y
De Cecco, M. et al. "Transposable elements become active and mobile in the genomes of aging mammalian somatic tissues." AgingTransposable elements become active and mobile in the genomes of aging mammalian somatic tissues.Aging2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3883704/
Simon, M. et al. "LINE1 derepression in aged wild-type and SIRT6-deficient mice drives inflammation." Cell MetabolismLINE1 derepression in aged wild-type and SIRT6-deficient mice drives inflammation.Cell Metabolism2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6449196/
Schneider, B. K. et al. "Expression of retrotransposons contributes to aging in Drosophila." GeneticsExpression of retrotransposons contributes to aging in Drosophila.Genetics2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213499/
Pabis, K. et al. "A concerted increase in readthrough and intron retention drives transposon expression during aging and senescence." eLifeA concerted increase in readthrough and intron retention drives transposon expression during aging and senescence.eLife2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10990488/
Tsai, Y.-T. et al. "Expression of most retrotransposons in human blood correlates with biological aging." eLifeExpression of most retrotransposons in human blood correlates with biological aging.eLife2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11486490/
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. "Psychological stress and disease." JAMAPsychological stress and disease.JAMA2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17925521/
Picard, M., & McEwen, B. S. "Psychological stress and mitochondria: A systematic review." Psychosomatic MedicinePsychological stress and mitochondria: A systematic review.Psychosomatic Medicine2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5901654/
Bobba-Alves, N., Juster, R. P., & Picard, M. "The energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load." PsychoneuroendocrinologyThe energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load.Psychoneuroendocrinology2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10082134/
Lim, S., Nzegwu, D., & Wright, M. L. "The Impact of Psychosocial Stress from Life Trauma and Racial Discrimination on Epigenetic Aging-A Systematic Review." Biological Research for NursingThe Impact of Psychosocial Stress from Life Trauma and Racial Discrimination on Epigenetic Aging-A Systematic Review.Biological Research for Nursing2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9096197/
Shevelyov, Y. Y., & Ulianov, S. VCells—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6406483/
Freund, A., et alMolecular Biology of the Cell—2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3364172/
Dou, Z., et alNature—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824414/
Eriksson, M., et alNature—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714972/
Scaffidi, P., & Misteli, TScience—2006https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1855250/
Kristiani, L., et alCells—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7140666/
Klionsky, D. J. et al. “Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.” AutophagyAutophagy—2021https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
Wahl, M. C., Will, C. L., & Luhrmann, R. "The spliceosome: design principles of a dynamic RNP machine." CellThe spliceosome: design principles of a dynamic RNP machine.Cell2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19239890/
Heintz, C. et al. "Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans." NatureSplicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans.Nature2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5361225/
Bhadra, M. et al. "Alternative splicing in aging and longevity." Human GeneticsAlternative splicing in aging and longevity.Human Genetics2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176884/
Ghosh, T. S., Shanahan, F., & O'Toole, P. WNature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology—2022https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-022-00605-x
O'Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. BScience—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26785481/
Galkin, F., et alGenes & Immunity—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-021-00126-8
Thevaranjan, N., et alCell Host & Microbe—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28407483/
Sato, Y., et alNature—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03832-5
Claesson, M. J., et alNature—2012https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11319
Jeffery, I. B., et alThe ISME Journal—2016https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201588
Kumar, R., et alThe peroxisome: an update on mysteries 3.0.Histochemistry and Cell Biology2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10822820/
Titorenko, V. I., and Terlecky, S. RPeroxisome metabolism and cellular aging.Traffic2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3077116/
Narayan, V., et alDeep proteome analysis identifies age-related processes in C. elegans .C. elegans2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5003814/
Uzor, N. E., et alAging lowers PEX5 levels in cortical neurons in male and female mouse brains.Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7484460/
Pascual-Ahuir, A., et alPro- and antioxidant functions of the peroxisome-mitochondria connection and its impact on aging and disease.Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5546064/
Périchon, R., et alThe role of peroxisomes in aging.Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences1998https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11147293/
Steensma, D. P., et alClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes.Blood2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25931582/
Fabre, M. A., et alThe longitudinal dynamics and natural history of clonal haematopoiesis.Nature2022https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04785-z
Mitchell, E., et alClonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan.Nature2022https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04786-y
Fuster, J. J., et alClonal hematopoiesis associated with TET2 deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis development in mice.Science2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28104796/
Bick, A. G., et alInherited causes of clonal haematopoiesis in 97,691 whole genomes.Nature2020https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2819-2
Bolton, K. L., et alCancer therapy shapes the fitness landscape of clonal hematopoiesis.Nature Genetics2020https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00710-0
Sato, S., et alCell—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7792549/
Solanas, G., et alCell—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802040/
Martincorena, I. et al. "Somatic mutant clones colonize the human esophagus with age." ScienceSomatic mutant clones colonize the human esophagus with age.Science2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6298579/
Colom, B. et al. "Mutant clones in normal epithelium outcompete and eliminate emerging tumours." NatureMutant clones in normal epithelium outcompete and eliminate emerging tumours.Nature2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03965-7
Menthena, A. et al. "Activin A, p15INK4b signaling, and cell competition promote stem/progenitor cell repopulation of livers in aging rats." GastroenterologyActivin A, p15INK4b signaling, and cell competition promote stem/progenitor cell repopulation of livers in aging rats.Gastroenterology2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3087123/
Steffen, K. K. et al. "Yeast life span extension by depletion of 60S ribosomal subunits is mediated by Gcn4." CellYeast life span extension by depletion of 60S ribosomal subunits is mediated by Gcn4.Cell2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2749658/
Janssens, G. E. et al. "Protein biogenesis machinery is a driver of replicative aging in yeast." eLifeProtein biogenesis machinery is a driver of replicative aging in yeast.eLife2015https://elifesciences.org/articles/08527
Turi, Z., Lacey, M., Mistrik, M., & Moudry, P. "Impaired ribosome biogenesis: mechanisms and relevance to cancer and aging." AgingImpaired ribosome biogenesis: mechanisms and relevance to cancer and aging.Aging2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6520011/
Jones, D. P., and Sies, HAntioxidants & Redox Signaling—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4580308/
Zhang, H., Davies, K. J. A., and Forman, H. JFree Radical Biology and Medicine—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4628850/
Rebrin, I., and Sohal, R. SAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18652861/
Sies, H., Berndt, C., and Jones, D. PAnnual Review of Biochemistry—2017https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045037
Forman, H. J., and Zhang, HNature Reviews Drug Discovery—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41573-021-00233-1
Hagg, S., & Jylhava, J. "Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies." eLifeSex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies.eLife2021https://elifesciences.org/articles/63425
Junker, A. et al. "Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis." The FASEB JournalHuman studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis.The FASEB Journal2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885138/
Fritz Garcia, J. H. G., Keller Valsecchi, C. I., & Basilicata, M. F. "Sex as a biological variable in ageing: insights and perspectives on the molecular and cellular hallmarks." Open BiologySex as a biological variable in ageing: insights and perspectives on the molecular and cellular hallmarks.Open Biology2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11521605/
Clayton, J. A., & Collins, F. S. "Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies." NaturePolicy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies.Nature2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5101948/
Moorad, J., Promislow, D., & Silvertown, J. "Evolutionary ecology of senescence and a reassessment of Williams' 'extrinsic mortality' hypothesis." Trends in Ecology & EvolutionEvolutionary ecology of senescence and a reassessment of Williams' 'extrinsic mortality' hypothesis.Trends in Ecology & Evolution2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30857756/
Gluckman, P. D., et alA conceptual framework for the developmental origins of health and disease.Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142928/
Boots, A., et alLongitudinal changes in late-life brain health after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine.NeuroImage2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41046062/
Low Birth Weight and Nephron Number Working GroupThe impact of kidney development on the life course: A consensus document for action.Nephron2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28319949/
de Rooij, S. R., et alPrenatal undernutrition and leukocyte telomere length in late adulthood: the Dutch famine birth cohort study.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26178721/
Langley-Evans, S. C., & Sculley, D. VThe association between birthweight and longevity in the rat is complex and modulated by maternal protein intake during fetal life.FEBS Letters2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828754/
Raffington, L., et alSocioeconomic disadvantage and the pace of biological aging in children.Pediatrics2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34001641/
Bahar, R., et alNature—2006https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04844
Martinez-Jimenez, C. P., et alScience—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405862/
Ibañez-Solé, O., et aleLife—2022https://elifesciences.org/articles/80380
Gyenis, A., et alNature Genetics—2023https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01279-6
Dixon, S. J., et alFerroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death.Cell2012https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3367386/
Bersuker, K., et alThe CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis.Nature2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6883167/
Feng, Y., et alIron retardation in lysosomes protects senescent cells from ferroptosis.Aging2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11131988/
Hambright, W. S., et alAblation of ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 in forebrain neurons promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.Redox Biology2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5312549/
Schumacher, B. et al. “The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process.” NatureNature—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03307-7
Vijg, J. & Dong, X. “Pathogenic mechanisms of somatic mutation and genome mosaicism in aging.” CellCell—2020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.024
Moore, L. et al. “The mutational landscape of human somatic and germline cells.” NatureNature—2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03822-7
Masfiah, S., Kurnialandi, A., Meij, J. J., & Maier, A. BDefinitions of healthspan: A systematic review—2025https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2025.102806
Hansen, M., & Kennedy, B. KDoes Longer Lifespan Mean Longer Healthspan?—2016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2016.05.002
Campisi, J., Kapahi, P., Lithgow, G. J., et alFrom discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing—2019https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2
Bansal, A., & Zhu, L. JAlive and well? Exploring disease by studying lifespan—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4253307/
Cox, D. RRegression Models and Life-TablesJournal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B1972https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x
Zwiener, I., et alSurvival Analysis: Part 15 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific PublicationsDeutsches Ärzteblatt International2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3071962/
Spruance, S. L., et alHazard Ratio in Clinical TrialsAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC478551/
Stensrud, M. J., & Hernán, M. AWhy Test for Proportional Hazards?JAMA2020https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1267
Uno, H., et alMoving Beyond the Hazard Ratio in Quantifying the Between-Group Difference in Survival AnalysisJournal of Clinical Oncology2014https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.55.2208
Han, S. K., et alOASIS 2: Online Application for Survival Analysis 2 with Features for the Analysis of Maximal Lifespan and Healthspan in Aging ResearchOncotarget2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5302902/
Frieden, T. RThe New England Journal of Medicine—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28636846/
Lyall, D. M., et alBrain Communications—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150072/
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. GBMJ—2003https://www.bmj.com/content/327/7414/557
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. GBMJ—1994https://www.bmj.com/content/309/6957/780
Vickers, A. J., & Altman, D. GBMJ—2001https://www.bmj.com/content/323/7321/1123
Croswell, J. M., et alPrinciples of cancer screening: lessons from history and study design issuesSeminars in Oncology2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2921618/
Pinsky, P. FPrinciples of Cancer ScreeningSurgical Clinics of North America2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4555845/
Carter, J. L., et alQuantifying and monitoring overdiagnosis in cancer screening: a systematic review of methodsBMJ2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4332263/
Marcus, P. MAssessment of Cancer Screening: A PrimerNational Cancer Institute2019https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550219/
Lévesque, L. E., et alProblem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetesBMJ2010https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.b5087
Shintani, A. K., et alImmortal time bias in critical care research: application of time-varying Cox regression for observational cohort studiesCritical Care Medicine2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19770737/
Giobbie-Hurder, A., et alChallenges of guarantee-time biasJournal of Clinical Oncology2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3732313/
Scheel, A. M., et alAdvances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science—2021https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/25152459211007467
Claesen, A., et alRoyal Society Open Science—2021https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211037
Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., et alBMJ—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2844943/
White, I. R., Horton, N. J., Carpenter, J., and Pocock, S. JBMJ—2011https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d40
Kang, M., Kendall, M. A., Ribaudo, H., et alClinical Trials—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9232859/
Kraus, W. E., Bhapkar, M., Huffman, K. M., et alThe Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31303390/
Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Pocock, S. J., Evans, S. J. W., and Altman, D. GJAMA—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23268518/
VanderWeele, T. JAnnual Review of Public Health—2016https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402
Imai, K., Keele, L., & Tingley, DPsychological Methods—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20954780/
Harries, L. W., et alAge—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600657/
Jiang, R., et alClinical Epigenetics—2022https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-022-01380-x
Hopewell, S., Chan, A.-W., Collins, G. S., et alBMJ—2025https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124
Hróbjartsson, A., and Gøtzsche, P. CCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews—2010https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003974.pub3
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., et alBMJ—2008https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7644/601
Hróbjartsson, A., Thomsen, A. S. S., Emanuelsson, F., et alBMJ—2012https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1119
Moustgaard, H., Clayton, G. L., Jones, H. E., et alBMJ—2020https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.l6802
Holm, SScandinavian Journal of Statistics—1979https://www.jstor.org/stable/4615733
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, YJournal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B—1995https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, UPsychological Science—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22006061/
Sun, X., Briel, M., Walter, S. D., & Guyatt, G. HBMJ—2010https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c117.long
Sun, X., et alBMJ—2012https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1553
Kent, D. M., Rothwell, P. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Altman, D. G., & Hayward, R. ATrials—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2928211/
Schandelmaier, S., et alBMJ—2014https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4539
Sterne, J. A. C., et alBMJ—2009https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2714692/
Wolbers, M., et alCompeting risks analyses: objectives and approachesEuropean Heart Journal2014https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/35/42/2936/784255
Kim, H. TCumulative Incidence in Competing Risks Data and Competing Risks Regression AnalysisClinical Cancer Research2007https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/13/2/559/178178/Cumulative-Incidence-in-Competing-Risks-Data-and
Chan, A. W., et alBMJ—2025https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081660
Chan, A. W., Hrobjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gotzsche, P. C., and Altman, D. GJAMA—2004https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/198809
Goldacre, B., et alTrials—2019https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3173-2
Kirkham, J. J., et alBMJ—2018https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3802
Rubin, D. BBiometrika—1976https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/63.3.581
Sterne, J. A. C., White, I. R., Carlin, J. B., et alBMJ—2009https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b2393
Wen, L., Muniz Terrera, G., and Seaman, S. RBiostatistics—2018https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxx045
Kurland, B. F., Johnson, L. L., Egleston, B. L., and Diehr, P. HStatistical Science—2009https://doi.org/10.1214/09-STS293
Biomarkers Definitions Working GroupBiomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual frameworkClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11240971/
Manyara, A. M., et alReporting of surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trial reports (CONSORT-Surrogate): extension checklist with explanation and elaborationBMJ2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11231881/
Ciani, O., et alComparison of treatment effect sizes associated with surrogate and final patient relevant outcomes in randomised controlled trials: meta-epidemiological studyBMJ2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23360719/
Buyse, M., & Molenberghs, GCriteria for the validation of surrogate endpoints in randomized experimentsBiometrics1998https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9840970/
Hoffmann, T. C., Glasziou, P. P., Boutron, I., et alBMJ—2014https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1687
Borrelli, BJournal of Public Health Dentistry—2011https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3194367/
Matai, I. et alBiomaterials—2020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119536
Grigoryan, B. et alScience—2019https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav9750
Noor, N. et alAdvanced Science—2019https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201900344
Lee, A. et alScience—2019https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav9051
Mandrycky, C. et alBiotechnology Advances—2016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.011
US Food and Drug Administration. "Important Information About Young Donor Plasma Infusions for Profit"Important Information About Young Donor Plasma Infusions for Profit—2019https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/important-information-about-young-donor-plasma-infusions-profit
Amor, C. et al. "Senolytic CAR T cells reverse senescence-associated pathologies." NatureSenolytic CAR T cells reverse senescence-associated pathologies.Nature2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2403-9
Zhou, Q. et al. "In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells." NatureIn vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells.Nature2008https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07314
Qian, L. et al. "In vivo reprogramming of murine cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes." NatureIn vivo reprogramming of murine cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes.Nature2012https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11044
Rurik, J. G. et al. "CAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury." ScienceCAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury.Science2022https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm0594
Savage, S. A., & Bertuch, A. AGenetics in Medicine—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3825100/
Jaskelioff, M., et alNature—2011https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09603
Stern, J. L., et alOncogenesis—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/oncsis.2015.39
Jäger, K., & Walter, MGenes—2016https://doi.org/10.3390/genes7070039
Telomeres Mendelian Randomization Collaboration, et alJAMA Oncology—2017https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5945
Tomás-Loba, A., et alCell—2008https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.034
Kitada, T. et al. "Programming gene and engineered-cell therapies with synthetic biology." ScienceProgramming gene and engineered-cell therapies with synthetic biology.Science2018https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1067
Xie, Z. et al. "Multi-input RNAi-based logic circuit for identification of specific cancer cells." ScienceMulti-input RNAi-based logic circuit for identification of specific cancer cells.Science2011https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1205527
Gonzalez-Gualda, E. et al. "A guide to assessing cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo." FEBS JournalA guide to assessing cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo.FEBS Journal2021https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15570
Mizushima, N. and Komatsu, MCell—2011https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.026
Amaravadi, R. K. et alClinical Cancer Research—2019https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1227
Settembre, C. et alScience—2011https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204592
Kim, K. et al. "Enhanced co-culture and enrichment of human natural killer cells for the selective clearance of senescent cells." AgingEnhanced co-culture and enrichment of human natural killer cells for the selective clearance of senescent cells.Aging2022https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203931
Draghici, C. et al. "Concise total synthesis of glucosepane." ScienceConcise total synthesis of glucosepane.Science2015https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9655
Birch, H. L. "Extracellular Matrix and Ageing." Subcellular BiochemistryExtracellular Matrix and Ageing.Subcellular Biochemistry2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30779010/
Vojta, A. et al. "Repurposing the CRISPR-Cas9 system for targeted DNA methylation." Nucleic Acids ResearchRepurposing the CRISPR-Cas9 system for targeted DNA methylation.Nucleic Acids Research2016https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw159
Xu, X. et al. "A CRISPR-based approach for targeted DNA demethylation." Cell DiscoveryA CRISPR-based approach for targeted DNA demethylation.Cell Discovery2016https://doi.org/10.1038/celldisc.2016.9
Nuñez, J. K. et al. "Genome-wide programmable transcriptional memory by CRISPR-based epigenome editing." CellGenome-wide programmable transcriptional memory by CRISPR-based epigenome editing.Cell2021https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.025
Lin, L. et al. "Genome-wide determination of on-target and off-target characteristics for RNA-guided DNA methylation by dCas9 methyltransferases." GigaScienceGenome-wide determination of on-target and off-target characteristics for RNA-guided DNA methylation by dCas9 methyltransferases.GigaScience2018https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giy011
Kulkarni, J. A. et al. "The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics." Nature NanotechnologyThe current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics.Nature Nanotechnology2021https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00898-0
Bi, Y. et al. "Exosomal miR-302b rejuvenates aging mice by reversing the proliferative arrest of senescent cells." Cell MetabolismExosomal miR-302b rejuvenates aging mice by reversing the proliferative arrest of senescent cells.Cell Metabolism2025https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.013
Artika, I. M. "Allotopic expression of mitochondrial genes: Basic strategy and progress." Genes & DiseasesAllotopic expression of mitochondrial genes: Basic strategy and progress.Genes & Diseases2020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2019.08.001
Hou, X. et al. "Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery." Nature Reviews MaterialsLipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery.Nature Reviews Materials2021https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0
Dammes, N. et al. "Conformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics." Nature NanotechnologyConformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics.Nature Nanotechnology2021https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00928-x
Chaudhari, A. P. et al. "The status of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers and therapeutics." Nature Reviews BioengineeringThe status of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers and therapeutics.Nature Reviews Bioengineering2026https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-026-00405-x
Bondeson, D. P. et alNature Chemical Biology—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1858
Silva, M. C. et aleLife—2019https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45457
Banik, S. M. et alNature—2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2545-9
Kalluri, R. & LeBleu, V. S. "The biology, function, and clinical translation of exosomes." ScienceThe biology, function, and clinical translation of exosomes.Science2020https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6977
Komor, A. C. et al. "Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage." NatureProgrammable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.Nature2016https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17946
Gaudelli, N. M. et al. "Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage." NatureProgrammable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.Nature2017https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24644
Anzalone, A. V. et al. "Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA." NatureSearch-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA.Nature2019https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4
Koblan, L. W. et al. "In vivo base editing rescues Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome in mice." NatureIn vivo base editing rescues Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome in mice.Nature2021https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03086-7
Welsh, J. A. et alJournal of Extracellular Vesicles—2024https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12404
de Abreu, R. C. et alNature Reviews Cardiology—2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0389-5
Liu, B. et alNature Biomedical Engineering—2018https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-018-0229-7
Kim, J. et alNature Reviews Methods Primers—2022https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00174-y
Takebe, T. et alNature—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12271
Nam, S. A. et alExperimental & Molecular Medicine—2019https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0336-x
Chilibeck, P. D., et alOpen Access Journal of Sports Medicine—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29138605/
Kreider, R. B., et alJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615996/
Baker, L. D. et al. "Structured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function: The US POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial." JAMAStructured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function: The US POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40720610/
Richard, E. et al. "Healthy ageing through internet counselling in the elderly (HATICE): a multinational, randomised controlled trial." The Lancet Digital HealthHealthy ageing through internet counselling in the elderly (HATICE): a multinational, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet Digital Health2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33323224/
Cummings, S. R., et alJAMA—1998https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9875874/
Black, D. M., et alJAMA—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17190893/
Wu, C. H., et alBone—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29555309/
Faridi, S., Allen, R. W., Brook, R. D., et alEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety—2023https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115227
Newman, J. D., Bhatt, D. L., Rajagopalan, S., et alAmerican Heart Journal Plus—2023https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100182
Dockery, D. W., Rich, D. Q., Goodman, P. G., et alResearch Report (Health Effects Institute)—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024358/
Lin, F. R., et alArchives of Neurology—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320988/
Yeo, B. S. H., et alJAMA Neurology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469314/
Peelle, J. E., & Wingfield, ATrends in Neurosciences—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26710892/
Sutton, E. F., et alCell Metabolism—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29754952/
Chen, Y.-E., Tsai, H.-L., Tu, Y.-K., & Chen, L.-WBMJ Medicine—2026https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41586347/
Acosta-Rodríguez, V., et alScience—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35511946/
Manson, J. E., et alJAMA—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28898378/
Wassertheil-Smoller, S., et alJAMA—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771114/
Cushman, M., et alJAMA—2004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15467059/
Chlebowski, R. T., et alJAMA—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32721007/
Cauley, J. A., et alJAMA—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519707/
Shumaker, S. A., et alJAMA—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771112/
Weindruch, R., Walford, R. L., Fligiel, S., & Guthrie, DThe Journal of Nutrition—1986https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958810/
Colman, R. J., et alScience—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19590001/
Mattison, J. A., et alNature—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22932268/
Racette, S. B., et alOncotarget—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4991370/
Soltani, S., et alNutrition Journal—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7178992/
Daniel, G. D., et alClinical Nutrition ESPEN—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34857201/
Struijk, E. A., et alThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7138663/
Maddocks, M., et alThorax—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5099190/
Beauchamp, M. K., et alChest—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23429931/
Jenkins, A. R., et alInternational Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5768431/
Sherrington, C. et al. "Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review." British Journal of Sports MedicineExercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review.British Journal of Sports Medicine2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31792067/
Lesinski, M. et al. "Effects of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Sports MedicineEffects of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports Medicine2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26325622/
Pšeničnik Sluga, S., Kozinc, Ž. "Sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercise programs to improve balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis." European Journal of Translational MyologySensorimotor and proprioceptive exercise programs to improve balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.European Journal of Translational Myology2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38213185/
Clemson, L. et al. "Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial." BMJIntegration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial.BMJ2012https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e4547
Trichopoulou, A., et alBMJ—2005https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC557144/
Urpi-Sarda, M., et alBiomedicines—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34440065/
Schwingshackl, L., Morze, J., & Hoffmann, GBritish Journal of Pharmacology—2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7056467/
Ciabattini, A. et al. "Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging." Seminars in ImmunologyVaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging.Seminars in Immunology2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30501873/
Branche, A. R. et al. "Change in functional status associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized older adults." Influenza and Other Respiratory VirusesChange in functional status associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized older adults.Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36069297/
Eyting, M. et al. "A natural experiment on the effect of herpes zoster vaccination on dementia." NatureA natural experiment on the effect of herpes zoster vaccination on dementia.Nature2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40175543/
Look AHEAD Research GroupDiabetes Care—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9174966/
Foster, H. M. E., et alBMC Medicine—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37946218/
Cené, C. W., et alJournal of the American Heart Association—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35924775/
Hakulinen, C., et alHeart—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29588329/
Berkman, L. F., et alJAMA—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813116/
Nicholls, S. J., et alJAMA—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33190147/
Calder, P. CBiochimie—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866423/
Stockwell, T., et alJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs—2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4803651/
Millwood, I. Y., et alThe Lancet Public Health—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38000378/
Rumgay, H., et alThe Lancet Oncology—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270924/
Topiwala, A., et alBMJ—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28588063/
Ference, B. A., et alEuropean Heart Journal—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28444290/
Silverman, M. G., et alJAMA—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27673306/
Clyne, B. et al. "Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention for Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients in Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial (OPTI-SCRIPT Study)." Annals of Family MedicineEffectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention for Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients in Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial (OPTI-SCRIPT Study).Annals of Family Medicine2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26553894/
Blum, M. R. et al. "Optimizing Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older Adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJOptimizing Therapy to Prevent Avoidable Hospital Admissions in Multimorbid Older Adults (OPERAM): cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34257088/
Fava, C., et alChest—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24077181/
Bratton, D. J., et alJAMA—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26624827/
Sánchez-de-la-Torre, M., et alJAMA—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37787793/
Yaffe, K., et alJAMA—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828324/
Saunders, T. J. et al. "The Acute Metabolic and Vascular Impact of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Sports MedicineThe Acute Metabolic and Vascular Impact of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Medicine2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30078066/
Loh, R. et al. "Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Sports MedicineEffects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports Medicine2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31552570/
Buffey, A. J. et al. "The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Sports MedicineThe Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports Medicine2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35147898/
Climie, R. E. et al. "Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting on Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory PhysiologyAcute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting on Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes.American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33164575/
Diaz, K. M. et al. "Optimal Frequency of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting for Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Crossover Trials." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in SportsOptimal Frequency of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting for Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Crossover Trials.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39630056/
Wheeler, M. J. et al. "Distinct Effects of Acute Exercise and Breaks in Sitting on Working Memory and Executive Function in Older Adults: A Three-Arm, Randomised Cross-Over Trial." British Journal of Sports MedicineDistinct Effects of Acute Exercise and Breaks in Sitting on Working Memory and Executive Function in Older Adults: A Three-Arm, Randomised Cross-Over Trial.British Journal of Sports Medicine2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31036563/
Kaltenbach, T., et alJAMA—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583868/
Wooldrage, K., et alThe Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39038482/
Black, W. C., et alJournal of the National Cancer Institute—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11830606/
Hubbell, E., et alCancer Medicine—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422585/
Jacklyn, G., et alBritish Journal of Cancer—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27124337/
Miller, A. B., et alBMJ—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24519768/
Chan, A. K. Y., et alJournal of Dentistry—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36058347/
Peng, J., et alBioscience Reports—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530864/
Juthani-Mehta, M., et alClinical Infectious Diseases—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25520333/
Sen, S., et alStroke—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548008/
Unutzer, J., et alJAMA—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12472325/
Hunkeler, E. M., et alBMJ—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428253/
Alexopoulos, G. S., et alAmerican Journal of Psychiatry—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528195/
Gallo, J. J., et alBMJ—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23738992/
Kim, J.-M., et alJAMA—2018https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2688569
Ball, K., et alJAMA—2002https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.18.2271
Simons, D. J., et alPsychological Science in the Public Interest—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27697851/
Huang, L., et alBMJ—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094151/
Cook, N. R., et alBMJ—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17449506/
Campbell, N. R. C., et alThe Journal of Clinical Hypertension—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31087778/
Oparil, S., et alNature Reviews Disease Primers—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29565029/
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., et alJAMA—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170239/
Sanders, K. M., et alJAMA—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20460620/
Bouillon, R., et alEndocrine Reviews—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321335/
Pahor, M. et al. "Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial." JAMAEffect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial.JAMA2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24866862/
Bernabei, R. et al. "Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)." BMJMulticomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project).BMJ2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35545258/
Cadore, E. L. et al. "Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review." Rejuvenation ResearchEffects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review.Rejuvenation Research2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23327448/
Campbell, A. J. et al. "Randomised controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged 75 or older with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial." BMJRandomised controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged 75 or older with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial.BMJ2005https://www.bmj.com/content/331/7520/817
Edwards, J. J., et alSports Medicine—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37204620/
Bouaziz, W., et alInternational Journal of Clinical Practice—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32083390/
Stensvold, D., et alBMJ—2020https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3485
Weston, K. S., Wisløff, U., & Coombes, J. SBritish Journal of Sports Medicine—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24144531/
Santos, A., et alInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity—2023https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10664287/
Hussain, J., & Cohen, MEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29849692/
Hamaya, R., et alAmerican Journal of Preventive Cardiology—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41049507/
Pizzey, F. K., et alExperimental Physiology—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33866630/
Ylikahri, R., et alAnnals of Clinical Research—1988https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3218903/
SPRINT MIND Investigators for the SPRINT Research GroupJAMA—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30688979/
Muntner, P., et alHypertension—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30827125/
West, R. R., Jones, D. A., & Henderson, A. HHeart—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22194152/
Suaya, J. A., et alJournal of the American College of Cardiology—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19555836/
Dunlay, S. M., et alAmerican Journal of Medicine—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24556195/
Taylor, R. S., et alEuropean Journal of Heart Failure—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30255969/
Wu, G., et alGlobal Heart—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36578919/
Dalal, H. M., et alBMJ—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20085991/
Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, IBMJ—2004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213107/
Cho, E. R., et alNEJM Evidence—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38329816/
Duncan, M. S., et alJAMA—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429895/
Fry, J. S., et alAnnals of the American Thoracic Society—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32603182/
Gellert, C., et alAmerican Journal of Preventive Medicine—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188685/
Dugué, P.-A., et alEpigenetics—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31552803/
Golbidi, S., Edvinsson, L., & Laher, ICurrent Vascular Pharmacology—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30210003/
Huang, G., et alPreventive Cardiology—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16230876/
Abrego-Guandique, D. M., et alBiomolecular Concepts—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40459444/
Michael, R., & Bron, A. JPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21402586/
Mangione, C. M., et alArchives of Ophthalmology—1994https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7980131/
Han, X., et alBritish Journal of Ophthalmology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35410876/
Lundstrom, M., et alAmerican Journal of Ophthalmology—2004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14700658/
Liu, X., et alEuropean Journal of Clinical Investigation—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37874275/
Nambiar, A. M., et alEBioMedicine—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36857968/
Unity Biotechnology, IncClinicalTrials.gov—2021https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04129944
Lee, E., and Burns, MAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39269340/
de Souza, R. J., et alBMJ—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26268692/
Ramsden, C. E., et alBMJ—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071971/
Aroda, V. R., et alJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26900641/
Shan, Z., et alEuropean Journal of Nutrition—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34379193/
Termannsen, A.-D., et alObesity Reviews—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35672940/
Tong, T. Y. N., et alBMJ—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31484644/
Edinger, J. D., et alJournal of Clinical Sleep Medicine—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33164742/
Huang, K., et alAustralasian Psychiatry—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35968818/
Sivertsen, B., et alJAMA—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16804151/
Lovato, N., et alSleep—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24470701/
Irwin, M. R., et alSleep—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142571/
Ritterband, L. M., et alnpj Digital Medicine—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40681664/
Yang, J., et alWorld Journal of Gastroenterology—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326148/
Yang, Y., et alBritish Journal of Nutrition—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313809/
Tu, D.-Y., et alHealthcare—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34072617/
Naghshi, S., et alBMJ—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32699048/
Moel, M., et alAging—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40188830/
Tedesco-Silva, H., et alTransplantation—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801548/
Mahalati, K., and Kahan, B. DClinical Pharmacokinetics—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11523724/
Pawelec, GThe human immunosenescence phenotype: does it exist?Seminars in Immunopathology2020https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00281-020-00810-3
Turner, J. E., et alRudimentary signs of immunosenescence in Cytomegalovirus-seropositive healthy young adultsAge2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23846127/
Ritchie, S. J., et alPredictors of ageing-related decline across multiple cognitive functionsIntelligence2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27932854/
Zelazo, P. D., et alNIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): validation of executive function measures in adultsJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4601803/
Cooney, M. T., Vartiainen, E., Laatikainen, T., Juolevi, A., Dudina, A., & Graham, I. MAmerican Heart Journal—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20362720/
Zhang, D., Shen, X., & Qi, XCMAJ—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598376/
Wen, C. P., Chen, C. H., Nauman, J., et alProgress in Cardiovascular Diseases—2025https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39894380/
Alhalabi, L., Singleton, M. J., Oseni, A. O., et alAmerican Journal of Cardiology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28132682/
Vazir, A., Claggett, B., Cheng, S., et alJAMA Cardiology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365021/
Wu, L., et alIntegrated multi-omics for novel aging biomarkers and antiaging targetsBiomolecules2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8773837/
Jiang, Y., et alStackAge: an ensemble-based clock for precise quantification of biological age using multi-omics dataBriefings in Bioinformatics2026https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/27/3/bbag271/8698819
Argelaguet, R., et alMulti-Omics Factor Analysis—a framework for unsupervised integration of multi-omics data setsMolecular Systems Biology2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6010767/
Ying, K., et alHigh-dimensional Ageome representations of biological aging across functional modulesbioRxiv2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11429788/
Baier, D., Teren, A., Wirkner, K., Loeffler, M., & Scholz, MClinical Research in Cardiology—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6208658/
Zhong, Q., Hu, M. J., Cui, Y. J., Liang, L., Zhou, M. M., Yang, Y. W., & Huang, FAngiology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29172654/
Charlton, P. H., Mariscal Harana, J., Vennin, S., Li, Y., Chowienczyk, P., & Alastruey, JAmerican Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology—2023https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37000606/
Evans, T. C., & Jehle, DThe red blood cell distribution widthJournal of Emergency Medicine1991https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1955687/
Orces, C. HThe association between red cell distribution width and grip strength in older adultsCureus2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36721603/
Constantino, B. TRed cell distribution width, revisitedLaboratory Medicine2013https://academic.oup.com/labmed/article/44/2/e2/2657684
Cheng, C. K., et alComplete blood count reference interval diagrams derived from NHANES III: stratification by age, sex, and raceLaboratory Hematology2004https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15070217/
Tanaka, T., et alPlasma proteomic biomarker signature of age predicts health and life spaneLife2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7723412/
Oh, H. S. H., et alOrgan aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and diseaseNature2023https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06802-1
Alonso, A. K. M., et alDefinitions of digital biomarkers: a systematic mapping of the biomedical literatureBMJ Health & Care Informatics2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11015196/
Zhou, H., Razjouyan, J., Halder, K., et alDigital biomarkers of cognitive frailty: the value of detailed sensor-based gait assessmentBrain Sciences2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8578566/
Le Goallec, A., et alMachine learning approaches to predict age from accelerometer records of physical activity at biobank scalePLOS Digital Health2023https://journals.plos.org/digitalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pdig.0000176
Franke, K., et alEstimating the age of healthy subjects from T1-weighted MRI scans using kernel methods: exploring the influence of various parametersNeuroImage2010https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.005
Cole, J. H., et alPredicting brain age with deep learning from raw imaging data results in a reliable and heritable biomarkerNeuroImage2017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.059
Smith, S. M., et alEstimation of brain age delta from brain imagingNeuroImage2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.017
Vidal-Piñeiro, D., et alIndividual variations in ‘brain age’ relate to early-life factors more than to longitudinal brain changeeLife2021https://elifesciences.org/articles/69995
Dular, L., et alExtensive T1-weighted MRI preprocessing improves generalizability of deep brain age prediction modelsComputers in Biology and Medicine2024https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108320
Butler, E. R., et alPitfalls in brain age analysesHuman Brain Mapping2021https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25733
Aging Biomarker Consortium, Jiang, M., Zheng, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Qu, J., et alLife Medicine—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11749002/
Le Couteur, D. G., Blyth, F. M., Creasey, H. M., Handelsman, D. J., Naganathan, V., Sambrook, P. N., et alJournal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences—2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4085878/
Koehler, E. M., Sanna, D., Hansen, B. E., van Rooij, F. J. A., Heeringa, J., Hofman, A., et alLiver International—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24219360/
Klemera, P., & Doubal, SMechanisms of Ageing and Development—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16318865/
Mayeux, RNeuroRx—2004https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC534923/
Obuchowski, N. A., et alTranslational Oncology—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9667479/
Vaught, J. BCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention—2006https://aacrjournals.org/cebp/article/15/9/1582/174993/Blood-Collection-Shipment-Processing-and-Storage
Hardikar, S., et alCancer Causes & Control—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4169209/
Weir, J. PJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705040/
Denic, A., Glassock, R. J., & Rule, A. DStructural and functional changes with the aging kidneyAdvances in Chronic Kidney Disease2016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4693148/
Foster, M. C., et alNon-GFR determinants of low-molecular-weight serum protein filtration markers in the elderly: AGES-Kidney and MESA-KidneyAmerican Journal of Kidney Diseases2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5572311/
Juraschek, S. P., et alComparison of serum concentrations of beta-trace protein, beta-2 microglobulin, cystatin C, and creatinine in the US populationClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3613960/
Hastings, W. J., et alPsychoneuroendocrinology—2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.012
Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., et alJAMA—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/
Betik, A. C., & Hepple, R. TApplied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18347663/
Peterman, J. E., Harber, M. P., Imboden, M. T., et alMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472836/
Grimbly, M. J., et alEstimating biological age from retinal imaging: a scoping reviewBMJ Open Ophthalmology2024https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001794
Ahadi, S., et alLongitudinal fundus imaging and its genome-wide association analysis provide evidence for a human retinal aging clockeLife2023https://elifesciences.org/articles/82364
Buckley, M. T., et alA transcriptome-based single-cell biological age model and resource for tissue-specific aging measuresGenome Research2023https://genome.cshlp.org/content/33/9/1503
Billman, G. EFrontiers in Physiology—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23431279/
Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, T., Yang, C. C. H., Li, C. L., Chen, C. F., & Chou, PAmerican Journal of Physiology—1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10600841/
Fang, S. C., Wu, Y. L., & Tsai, P. SBiological Research for Nursing—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558032/
Georgiou, K., Larentzakis, A. V., Khamis, N. N., Alsuhaibani, G. I., Alaska, Y. A., & Giallafos, E. JFolia Medica—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668452/
Rocha, A. S. L., Siqueira, V. B., Maduro, P. A., Batista, L. S. P., & Schwingel, P. APsychophysiology—2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39073173/
Avolio, APulse—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26587425/
Benetos, AJournal of Hypertension Supplement—1999https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10706321/
Kikuya, M., Asayama, K., & Ohkubo, TKardiologia Polska—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31125026/
Cuspidi, C., Sala, C., Tadic, M., Gherbesi, E., De Giorgi, A., Grassi, G., & Mancia, GJournal of Clinical Hypertension—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28692165/
Dimsdale, J. E., von Kanel, R., Profant, J., Nelesen, R., Ancoli-Israel, S., & Ziegler, MBlood Pressure Monitoring—2000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11035863/
Adav, S. S., & Wang, YMetabolomics Signatures of Aging: Recent AdvancesAging and Disease2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7990359/
Sharma, R., & Ramanathan, AThe Aging Metabolome-Biomarkers to Hub MetabolitesProteomics2020https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7117067/
de Haan, G., & Lazare, S. SAging of hematopoietic stem cellsBlood2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141947/
Tettamanti, M., et alPrevalence, incidence and types of mild anemia in the elderly: the Health and Anemia population-based studyHaematologica2010https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2966906/
Masuch, A., Friedrich, N., Roth, J., Nauck, M., Müller, U. A., & Petersmann, ABMC Endocrine Disorders—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6371438/
Chonchol, M., Katz, R., Fried, L. F., Sarnak, M. J., Siscovick, D. S., Newman, A. B., et alNutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19364638/
Jung, M. H., Yi, S. W., An, S. J., Balkau, B., Yi, J. J., & Kim, HDiabetologia—2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32424541/
Magnussen, C., Ojeda, F. M., Rzayeva, N., et alInternational Journal of Cardiology—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28214081/
Bogen, B., Aaslund, M. K., Ranhoff, A. H., & Moe-Nilssen, RGait & Posture—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200293/
Gamwell, H. E., Wait, S. O., Royster, J. T., Ritch, B. L., Powell, S. C., & Skinner, J. WGerontology and Geriatric Medicine—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8882934/
Vanhooren, V., et alRejuvenation Research—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18047421/
Parekh, R., Roitt, I., Isenberg, D., Dwek, R., & Rademacher, TJournal of Experimental Medicine—1988https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3133487/
Ercan, A., et alJCI Insight—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28239652/
Mijakovac, A., et alFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36619858/
Harley, C. B., Futcher, A. B., & Greider, C. WTelomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts—1990https://doi.org/10.1038/345458a0
Cesari, M., et alBiomarkers of aging and physical function—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19414544/
Efeyan, A., Comb, W. C., & Sabatini, D. MNutrient-sensing mechanisms and pathways—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14190
Hardie, D. G., Ross, F. A., & Hawley, S. AAMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis—2012https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3311
Kennedy, B. K., Lamming, D. W., & Hekimi, SMaking sense of dietary restriction and ageing—2022https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y
Balch, W. E., et alAdapting proteostasis for disease intervention—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413248/
Powers, E. T., et alBiological and chemical approaches to diseases of proteostasis deficiency—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19625408/
Hipp, M. S., et alProteostasis impairment in protein-misfolding and aggregation diseases—2019https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388181/
Harper, J. W., Adami, G. R., Wei, N., Keyomarsi, K., & Elledge, S. JThe p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases—1993https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-G
El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V. E., et alWAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression—1993https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P
Sherr, C. J., & Roberts, J. MCDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression—1999https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.12.1501
Hernandez-Segura, A., Nehme, J., & Demaria, MHallmarks of Cellular Senescence—2018https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.001
Moore, L. D., Le, T., & Fan, GDNA methylation and its basic function—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.112
Doyle, L. M., & Wang, M. ZOverview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis—2019https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8070727
Théry, C., et alMinimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018: a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines—2018https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750
Xu, R., Rai, A., Chen, M., Suwakulsiri, W., Greening, D. W., & Simpson, R. JExtracellular vesicles in cancer — implications for future improvements in cancer care—2018https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-018-0036-9
Borras, F. E., & Edelman, E. RExtracellular Vesicles and Aging: A Decade of Discovery and Potential Therapeutic Applications—2021https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10082077
Kumar, M. A., et alExtracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases—2024https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1
Moskalev, A., Chernyagina, E., Kudryavtseva, A., & Shaposhnikov, MAging and Disease—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440114/
Moskalev, A., Chernyagina, E., de Magalhães, J. P., & Zhavoronkov, AAging—2015https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600621/
Beard, J. R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I. A., et alThe World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing—2016https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4
Cesari, M., Araujo de Carvalho, I., Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, J., et alEvidence for the Domains Supporting the Construct of Intrinsic Capacity—2018https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly011
Beard, J. R., Jotheeswaran, A. T., Cesari, M., & Araujo de Carvalho, IThe structure and predictive value of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing—2019https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026119
U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationClinical Outcome Assessment Compendium—2018https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/clinical-outcome-assessment-compendium
Justice, J. N., Ferrucci, L., Newman, A. B., Aroda, V. R., Bahnson, J. L., Divers, J., Espeland, M. A., Marcovina, S., Pollak, M. N., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Barzilai, NA framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials: Report from the TAME Biomarkers Workgroup—2018https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-018-0042-y
Gerdes, H. H., & Carvalho, R. NIntercellular transfer mediated by tunneling nanotubes—2008https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.005
Buganim, Y., Faddah, D. A., & Jaenisch, RMechanisms and models of somatic cell reprogramming—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23906219/
Mahmoudi, S., & Brunet, AAging and reprogramming: A two-way street—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22794222/
Gill, D., et alMulti-omic rejuvenation of human cells by maturation phase transient reprogramming—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35418301/
Halliwell, BReactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life—2006https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.077073
Murphy, M. PHow mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19061483/
Sena, L. A., & Chandel, N. SPhysiological roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23102266/
Sies, H., Berndt, C., & Jones, D. POxidative stress—2017https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441057/
Martinon, F., Burns, K., & Tschopp, JThe Inflammasome: A Molecular Platform Triggering Activation of Inflammatory Caspases and Processing of proIL-β—2002https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00599-3
Schroder, K., & Tschopp, JThe Inflammasomes—2010https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040
Broz, P., & Dixit, V. MInflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling—2016https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.58
Youm, Y. H., et alCanonical Nlrp3 inflammasome links systemic low-grade inflammation to functional decline in aging—2013https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.028
Latz, E., Xiao, T. S., & Stutz, AActivation and regulation of the inflammasomes—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3452
Ferreira-González, I., Busse, J. W., Heels-Ansdell, D., Montori, V. M., Akl, E. A., Bryant, D. M., Alonso-Coello, P., Alonso, J., Worster, A., Upadhye, S., Jaeschke, R., Schünemann, H. J., Permanyer-Miralda, G., Pacheco-Huergo, V., Domingo-Salvany, A., Wu, P., Mills, E. J., & Guyatt, G. HProblems with use of composite end points in cardiovascular trials: systematic review of randomised controlled trials—2007https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39136.682083.AE
Rockwood, K., & Mitnitski, AFrailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits—2007https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/62.7.722
Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., Bergman, H., Hogan, D. B., McDowell, I., & Mitnitski, AA global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people—2005https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051
Gordon, S., & Taylor, P. RMonocyte and macrophage heterogeneity—2005https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1733
Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., & Pollard, J. WMacrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12034
Franceschi, C., & Campisi, JChronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases—2014https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu057
Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Dupuis, G., et alImmunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes?—2017https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960
Nikolich-Zugich, JThe twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system—2018https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-017-0006-x
Gruver, A. L., Hudson, L. L., & Sempowski, G. DImmunosenescence of ageing—2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1931833/
Lee, K. A., et alImmune Senescence, Immunosenescence and Aging—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9261375/
Aiello, A., et alImmunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically?—2019https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6773825/
Goyani, P., et alImmunosenescence: Aging and Immune System Decline—2024https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11680340/
Reiser, K., McCormick, R. J., & Rucker, R. BEnzymatic and nonenzymatic cross-linking of collagen and elastin—1992https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1541331/
Bailey, A. JMolecular mechanisms of ageing in connective tissues—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11771701/
McEwen, B. S., & Wingfield, J. CThe concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine—2003https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12749634/
Seeman, T. E., et alAllostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk—2001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730249/
Kale, A., Sharma, A., Stolzing, A., Desprez, P. Y., & Campisi, JRole of immune cells in the removal of deleterious senescent cells—2020https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12820
Vijg, J., & Suh, YGenome instability and aging—2013https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23454761/
Maynard, S., et alDNA damage, DNA repair, aging, and neurodegeneration—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26385091/
Powell, D., et alHarnessing the power of digital biomarkers in healthcare—2024https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01023-w
Klionsky, D. J., & Emr, S. DAutophagy as a Regulated Pathway of Cellular Degradation—2000https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. JAutophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion—2008https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06639
Rubinsztein, D. C., Marino, G., & Kroemer, GAutophagy and Aging—2011https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.030
Hansen, M., Rubinsztein, D. C., & Walker, D. WAutophagy as a promoter of longevity: insights from model organisms—2018https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-018-0033-y
Prentice, R. LSurrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Definition and operational criteria—1989https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780080407
Califf, R. MBiomarker definitions and their applications—2018https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5813875/
Sauve, A. A., Wolberger, C., Schramm, V. L., & Boeke, J. DThe Biochemistry of Sirtuins—2006https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133500
Michan, S., & Sinclair, DSirtuins in mammals: insights into their biological function—2007https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20070140
Longo, V. D., & Kennedy, B. KSirtuins in Aging and Age-Related Disease—2006https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.002
Bonkowski, M. S., & Sinclair, D. ASlowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD+ and sirtuin-activating compounds—2016https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.93
Brownlee, MAdvanced protein glycosylation in diabetes and aging—1995https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.223
Semba, R. D., et alAdvanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors predict cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling women—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19448391/
Ramasamy, R., Yan, S. F., & Schmidt, A. MReceptor for AGE (RAGE): signaling mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22211895/
Murray, P. J., Allen, J. E., Biswas, S. K., et alMacrophage Activation and Polarization: Nomenclature and Experimental Guidelines—2014https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.008
Italiani, P., & Boraschi, DFrom Monocytes to M1/M2 Macrophages: Phenotypical vs. Functional Differentiation—2014https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00514
Soliman, G. AThe role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes signaling in the immune responses—2013https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3725503/
Szwed, A., Kim, E., & Jacinto, ERegulation and metabolic functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2—2021https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8424549/
Wang, G., et alMechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1: From a nutrient sensor to a central regulator of metabolism—2022https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9526850/
Sies, HOxidative stress: Introductory remarks—1985https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3901401/
Finkel, T., & Holbrook, N. JOxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing—2000https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10935633/
—NIH Human Microbiome Project——https://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp
Ciechanover, AProteolysis: from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome—2005https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1552
Finley, DRecognition and processing of ubiquitin-protein conjugates by the proteasome—2009https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.081507.101607
Kaushik, S., & Cuervo, A. MProteostasis and aging—2015https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4001
Vilchez, D., Saez, I., & Dillin, AThe role of protein clearance mechanisms in organismal ageing and age-related diseases—2014https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3827
Dikic, I., & Elazar, ZMechanism and medical implications of mammalian autophagy—2018https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-018-0003-4
Coller, H. A., Sang, L., & Roberts, J. MA new description of cellular quiescence—2006https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16554874/
Yao, GModelling mammalian cellular quiescence—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24731628/
Urbán, N., & Cheung, T. HStem cell quiescence: The challenging path to activation—2021https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33513359/
Carling, DAMPK signalling in health and disease—2017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.074
Salminen, A., & Kaarniranta, KAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls the aging process via an integrated signaling network—2012https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2011.12.005
van den Akker, M., Buntinx, F., & Knottnerus, J. AComorbidity or multimorbidity: What's in a name?—1996https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8911007/
The Academy of Medical SciencesMultimorbidity: A priority for global health research—2018https://acmedsci.ac.uk/file-download/82222577
Fabbri, E., et alAging and multimorbidity: New tasks, priorities, and frontiers for integrated gerontological and clinical research—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724969/
Shreffler, J., & Huecker, M. RStatPearls—2023https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560604/
Sashegyi, A., & Ferry, DThe Oncologist—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5388384/
Bodnar, A. G., et alExtension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells—1998https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5349.349
Fraga, M. F., et alEpigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins—2005https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0500398102
Feinberg, A. P., & Irizarry, R. AStochastic epigenetic variation as a driving force of development, evolutionary adaptation, and disease—2010https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006183107
Fleg, J. L., et alAccelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15687341/
Aspenes, S. T., et alPeak oxygen uptake and cardiovascular risk factors in 4631 healthy women and men—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21208929/
Searle, S. D., et alA standard procedure for creating a frailty index—2008https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2573877/
Hubbard, R. E., et alFrailty in the face of COVID-19—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26018884/
Fraser, C. GAACC Press—2001https://www.aacc.org/science-and-research/scientific-shorts/2018/biological-variation
Jinek, M., et alA Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity—2012https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225829
Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, EThe new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9—2014https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258096
Hsu, P. D., Lander, E. S., & Zhang, FDevelopment and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering—2014https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010
Anzalone, A. V., Koblan, L. W., & Liu, D. RGenome editing with CRISPR-Cas nucleases, base editors, transposases and prime editors—2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0561-9
Wang, J. Y., Doudna, J. A., & Liu, D. RCRISPR technology: A decade of genome editing is only the beginning—2023https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add8643
Frangoul, H., et alCRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and β-Thalassemia—2021https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2031054
Petersen, C., & Round, J. LDefining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease—2014https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12308
Hooks, K. B., & O'Malley, M. ADysbiosis and Its Discontents—2017https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01492-17
Sommer, F., & Bäckhed, FThe gut microbiota — masters of host development and physiology—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2974
Ghosh, T. S., et alMicrobial signatures of healthy aging—2022https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00151-2
Childs, B. G., Gluscevic, M., Baker, D. J., Laberge, R.-M., Marquess, D., Dananberg, J., & van Deursen, J. MSenescent cells: An emerging target for diseases of ageing—2017https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.116
Hickson, L. J., Langhi Prata, L. G. P., Bobart, S. A., Evans, T. K., Giorgadze, N., Hashmi, S. K., Herrmann, S. M. S., Jensen, M. D., Jia, Q., Jordan, K. L., Kellogg, T. A., Khosla, S., Koerber, D. M., Lagnado, A. B., Lawson, D. K., LeBrasseur, N. K., Lerman, L. O., McDonald, K. M., McKenzie, T., Passos, J. F., Pignolo, R. J., Pirtskhalava, T., Saadiq, I. M., Schaefer, K. K., Textor, S. C., Victorelli, S. G., Volkman, T. L., Xue, A., Wentworth, M. A., Wissler Gerdes, E. O., Zhu, Y., Tchkonia, T., Kirkland, J. L., & Robbins, P. DSenolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease—2019https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(19)30427-1/fulltext
Oh, J., Lee, Y. D., & Wagers, A. JStem cell aging: Mechanisms, regulators and therapeutic opportunities—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24484927/
Oblak, L., van der Zaag, J., Higgins-Chen, A. T., Levine, M. E., & Boks, M. PA systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration—2021https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101348
Kornberg, R. DChromatin Structure: A Repeating Unit of Histones and DNA—1974https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4139.868
Luger, K., Mäder, A. W., Richmond, R. K., Sargent, D. F., & Richmond, T. JCrystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution—1997https://doi.org/10.1038/389251a0
de Duve, CThe lysosome turns fifty—2005https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1205-847
Settembre, C., Fraldi, A., Medina, D. L., & Ballabio, ASignals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance and energy metabolism—2013https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3565
Ballabio, A., & Bonifacino, J. SLysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis—2020https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0256-3
Cuervo, A. M., & Dice, J. FAge-related decline in chaperone-mediated autophagy—2000https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.19.10687
Carmona-Gutierrez, D., et alThe cell biology of lysosomal aging: From function to dysfunction—2016https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12499
Rattan, S. I. SBiogerontology: research status, challenges and opportunities—2018https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v89i2.7403
Jackson, S. P., & Bartek, JThe DNA-damage response in human biology and disease—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19847258/
Ciccia, A., & Elledge, S. JThe DNA damage response: Making it safe to play with knives—2010https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20832717/
Lord, C. J., & Ashworth, AThe DNA damage response and cancer therapy—2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22193477/
Lemasters, J. JSelective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15811512/
Pickles, S., Vigié, P., & Youle, R. JMitophagy and quality control mechanisms in mitochondrial maintenance—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29358636/
Palikaras, K., Lionaki, E., & Tavernarakis, NMechanisms of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathology—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29620996/
Palmer, R. DAging clocks & mortality timers, methylation, glycomic, telomeric and more. A window to measuring biological age—2022https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35783114/
Hynes, R. OThe extracellular matrix: Not just pretty fibrils—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19854164/
Theocharis, A. D., et alExtracellular matrix structure—2016https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26923902/
Bonnans, C., Chou, J., & Werb, ZRemodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease—2014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415508/
Booth, L. N., & Brunet, AThe Aging Epigenome—2016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.013
Serrano, M., Hannon, G. J., & Beach, DA new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4—1993https://doi.org/10.1038/366704a0
Collado, M., Blasco, M. A., & Serrano, MCellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging—2007https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.003
Krishnamurthy, J., Torrice, C., Ramsey, M. R., et alInk4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging—2004https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI22475
Genovese, G., et alClonal Hematopoiesis and Blood-Cancer Risk Inferred from Blood DNA Sequence—2014https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4290021/
Jan, M., Ebert, B. L., and Jaiswal, SClonal hematopoiesis—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8045769/
Shlush, L. IAge-related clonal hematopoiesis—2018https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141946/
Acuna-Hidalgo, R., et alUltra-sensitive Sequencing Identifies High Prevalence of Clonal Hematopoiesis-Associated Mutations throughout Adult Life—2017https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5501773/
—OpenStax——https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-5-homeostasis
Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., & Currie, A. RApoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics—1972https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4561027/
Elmore, SApoptosis: A review of programmed cell death—2007https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2117903/
Fuchs, Y., & Steller, HProgrammed cell death in animal development and disease—2011https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21763611/
Tower, JProgrammed cell death in aging—2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25862945/
Coppé, J. P., et alSenescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor—2008https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19053174/
Kuilman, T., & Peeper, D. SSenescence-messaging secretome: SMS-ing cellular stress—2009https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19596272/
Vlassara, H., & Palace, M. RDiabetes and advanced glycation endproducts—2002https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11834475/
Ramasamy, R., et alReceptor for advanced glycation end products: Fundamental roles in the inflammatory response—2005https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15994272/
Wernig, M., et alIn vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state—2007https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17554336/
Greider, C. W., & Blackburn, E. HIdentification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts—1985https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(85)90170-9
Schmidt, J. C., & Cech, T. RHuman telomerase: biogenesis, trafficking, recruitment, and activation—2015https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.263863.115
Shay, J. W., & Wright, W. ETelomeres and telomerase: three decades of progress—2019https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0099-1
—Lapierre, L. R. et al. (2013). The TFEB orthologue HLH-30 regulates autophagy and modulates longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans . Nature Communications . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3267——https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3267
—Decressac, M. et al. (2013). TFEB-mediated autophagy rescues midbrain dopamine neurons from alpha-synuclein toxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305623110——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305623110
—Aman, Y. et al. (2021). Autophagy in healthy aging and disease. Nature Aging . https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-020-00013-8——https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-020-00013-8
—Ballabio, A. and Bonifacino, J. S. (2020). Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0185-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0185-4
—Pyo, J.-O. et al. (2013). Overexpression of Atg5 in mice activates autophagy and extends lifespan. Nature Communications . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3300——https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3300
—Zhang, C. and Cuervo, A. M. (2008). Restoration of chaperone-mediated autophagy in aging liver improves cellular maintenance and hepatic function. Nature Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.1851——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.1851
—Kolesky, D. B. et al. (2016). Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521342113——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521342113
—Murphy, S. V. & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nature Biotechnology . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2958——https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2958
—Richards, D. et al. (2017). 3D bioprinting for vascularized tissue fabrication. Annals of Biomedical Engineering . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1653-z——https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1653-z
—Oh, J. et al. (2014). Stem cell aging: mechanisms, regulators and therapeutic opportunities. Nature Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3651——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3651
—Skylar-Scott, M. A. et al. (2019). Biomanufacturing of organ-specific tissues with high cellular density and embedded vascular channels. Science Advances . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2459——https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2459
—Schene, I. F. et al. "Prime editing for functional repair in patient-derived disease models." Nature Communications (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19136-7——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19136-7
—Davis, J. R. et al. "Efficient prime editing in mouse brain, liver and heart with dual AAVs." Nature Biotechnology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-023-01758-z——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-023-01758-z
—Lee, J. et al. "Prime editing with genuine Cas9 nickases minimizes unwanted indels." Nature Communications (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37507-8——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37507-8
—Gehrke, J. M. et al. "An APOBEC3A-Cas9 base editor with minimized bystander and off-target activities." Nature Biotechnology (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4199——https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4199
—Merideth, M. A. et al. "Phenotype and course of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome." New England Journal of Medicine (2008). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0706898——https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0706898
—Heinz, A. "Elastic fibers during aging and disease." Ageing Research Reviews (2021), 66, 101255. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434682/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434682/
—Monnier, V. M. et al. "Skin Collagen Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and the Diabetic Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Cohort." Diabetes (2018). https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0520——https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0520
—Ibrahim, A. G.-E. et al. (2019). Augmenting canonical Wnt signalling in therapeutically inert cells converts them into therapeutically potent exosome factories. Nature Biomedical Engineering . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0448-6——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0448-6
—Lener, T. et al. (2015). Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials – an ISEV position paper. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles . https://doi.org/10.3402/jev.v4.30087——https://doi.org/10.3402/jev.v4.30087
—Alvarez-Erviti, L. et al. (2011). Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nature Biotechnology . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1807——https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1807
—Yang, Z. et al. (2020). Large-scale generation of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes via cellular nanoporation. Nature Biomedical Engineering . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0485-1——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0485-1
—Sagiv, A. et al. "NKG2D ligands mediate immunosurveillance of senescent cells." Aging (2016). https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100897——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100897
—Baker, D. J. et al. "Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders." Nature (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10600——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10600
—Demaria, M. et al. "An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA." Developmental Cell (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.012——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.012
—Schuster, S. J. et al. "Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." New England Journal of Medicine (2019). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804980——https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804980
—Kim, K. M. et al. "Identification of senescent cell surface targetable protein DPP4." Genes & Development (2017). https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.302570.117——https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.302570.117
—Amor, C. et al. "Prophylactic and long-lasting efficacy of senolytic CAR T cells against age-related metabolic dysfunction." Nature Aging (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00560-5——https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00560-5
—Day, K. et al. "Differential DNA methylation with age displays both common and dynamic features across human tissues that are influenced by CpG landscape." Genome Biology (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-9-r102——https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-9-r102
—Ueda, J., Yamazaki, T. & Funakoshi, H. "Toward the Development of Epigenome Editing-Based Therapeutics: Potentials and Challenges." International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054778——https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054778
—Kantor, B. et al. "The therapeutic implications of all-in-one AAV-delivered epigenome-editing platform in neurodegenerative disorders." Nature Communications (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50515-6——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50515-6
—Saunderson, E. A. et al. "CRISPR/dCas9 DNA methylation editing is heritable during human hematopoiesis and shapes immune progeny." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2023). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300224120——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300224120
—Tremblay, F. et al. "A potent epigenetic editor targeting human PCSK9 for durable reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels." Nature Medicine (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03508-x——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03508-x
—Liesenfelder, S. et al. "Epigenetic editing at individual age-associated CpGs affects the genome-wide epigenetic aging landscape." Nature Aging (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00841-1——https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00841-1
—Kota, J. et al. "Follistatin Gene Delivery Enhances Muscle Growth and Strength in Nonhuman Primates." Science Translational Medicine (2009). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852878/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2852878/
—Conboy, I. M. et al. "Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment." Nature (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03260——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03260
—Boada, M. et al. "A randomized, controlled clinical trial of plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease: Primary results of the AMBAR Study." Alzheimer's & Dementia (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12137——https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12137
—Mehdipour, M. et al. "Rejuvenation of three germ layers tissues by exchanging old blood plasma with saline-albumin." Aging (2020). https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103418——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103418
—Liang, Z., Dong, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Age-related thymic involution: mechanisms and functional impact. Aging Cell , 21(8), e13671. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35822239/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35822239/
—Fahy, G. M. et al. "Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans." Aging Cell (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13028——https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13028
—Wang, H. et al. "Direct cell reprogramming: approaches, mechanisms and progress." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00335-z——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00335-z
—Torper, O. et al. "Generation of induced neurons via direct conversion in vivo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303829110——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303829110
—Song, G. et al. "Direct Reprogramming of Hepatic Myofibroblasts into Hepatocytes In Vivo Attenuates Liver Fibrosis." Cell Stem Cell (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.01.010——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.01.010
—Heinrich, C., Spagnoli, F. M. & Berninger, B. "In vivo reprogramming for tissue repair." Nature Cell Biology (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3108——https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3108
—Miyamoto, K. et al. "Direct In Vivo Reprogramming with Sendai Virus Vectors Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction." Cell Stem Cell (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.010——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.010
—Islam, M. N. et al. "Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury." Nature Medicine (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2736——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2736
—Mansour, A. A. et al. (2018). An in vivo model of functional and vascularized human brain organoids. Nature Biotechnology . https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4127——https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4127
—van den Berg, C. W. et al. (2018). Renal subcapsular transplantation of PSC-derived kidney organoids induces neo-vasculogenesis and significant glomerular and tubular maturation in vivo. Stem Cell Reports . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.041——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.041
—Cao, S.-Y. et al. (2023). Cerebral organoids transplantation repairs infarcted cortex and restores impaired function after stroke. npj Regenerative Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-023-00301-7——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-023-00301-7
—Yui, S. et al. (2012). Functional engraftment of colon epithelium expanded in vitro from a single adult Lgr5+ stem cell. Nature Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2695——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2695
—Shirai, H. et al. (2016). Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal tissue in two primate models of retinal degeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512590113——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512590113
—Ye, Z. et al. "Regulation of miR-181a expression in T cell aging." Nature Communications (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05552-3——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05552-3
—Paunovska, K., Loughrey, D. & Dahlman, J. E. "Drug delivery systems for RNA therapeutics." Nature Reviews Genetics (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00439-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00439-4
—Morelli, K. H. et al. "An RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas13d system alleviates disease-related phenotypes in Huntington's disease models." Nature Neuroscience (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01207-1——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01207-1
—Winkle, M. et al. "Noncoding RNA therapeutics — challenges and potential solutions." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z
—Della Valle, F. et al. "LINE-1 RNA causes heterochromatin erosion and is a target for amelioration of senescent phenotypes in progeroid syndromes." Science Translational Medicine (2022). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6057——https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6057
—Chen, S. et al. "Using RNA therapeutics to promote healthy aging." Nature Aging (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00895-1——https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00895-1
—Li, Y. et al. "Transient introduction of human telomerase mRNA improves hallmarks of progeria cells." Aging Cell (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12979——https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12979
—Phinney, D. G. & Pittenger, M. F. "Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy." Stem Cells (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2575——https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2575
—Parkhitko, A. A. & Cracan, V. "Xenotopic synthetic biology: Prospective tools for delaying aging and age-related diseases." Science Advances (2025). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu1710——https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu1710
—Baker, D. J. et al. "Naturally occurring p16Ink4a-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan." Nature (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16932——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16932
—High, K. A. & Roncarolo, M. G. "Gene Therapy." New England Journal of Medicine (2019). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1706910——https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1706910
—Li, C. & Samulski, R. J. "Engineering adeno-associated virus vectors for gene therapy." Nature Reviews Genetics (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0205-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0205-4
—Wang, D., Tai, P. W. L., & Gao, G. "Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-019-0012-9——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-019-0012-9
—Cheng, L. & Hill, A. F. "Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w
—Sakamoto, K. M. et al. (2001). Protacs: chimeric molecules that target proteins to the Skp1-Cullin-F box complex for ubiquitination and degradation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.141230798——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.141230798
—Tsai, J. M. et al. (2024). Targeted protein degradation: from mechanisms to clinic. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00729-9
—Ackerman, L. et al. (2023). IRAK4 degrader in hidradenitis suppurativa and atopic dermatitis: a phase 1 trial. Nature Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02635-7——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02635-7
—He, Y. et al. (2020). Using proteolysis-targeting chimera technology to reduce navitoclax platelet toxicity and improve its senolytic activity. Nature Communications . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15838-0——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15838-0
—Chang, J. et al. (2016). Clearance of senescent cells by ABT263 rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Nature Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4010——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4010
—Békés, M., Langley, D. R. and Crews, C. M. (2022). PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-021-00371-6——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-021-00371-6
—Ji, C. H. et al. (2022). The AUTOTAC chemical biology platform for targeted protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosome system. Nature Communications . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28520-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28520-4
—Savage, S. A., & Bertuch, A. A. (2010). The genetics and clinical manifestations of telomere biology disorders. Genetics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3825100/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3825100/
—Chang, S., et al. (2003). Telomere-based crisis: functional differences between telomerase activation and ALT in tumor progression. Genes & Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC195968/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC195968/
—Ramunas, J., et al. (2015). Transient delivery of modified mRNA encoding TERT rapidly extends telomeres in human cells. FASEB Journal . https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-259531——https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-259531
—Jones-Weinert, C., Mainz, L., & Karlseder, J. (2025). Telomere function and regulation from mouse models to human ageing and disease. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00800-5——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00800-5
—Debès, C., et al. (2023). Ageing-associated changes in transcriptional elongation influence longevity. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y
—Lee, J., et al. (2025). Pelota-mediated ribosome-associated quality control counteracts aging and age-associated pathologies across species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12358915/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12358915/
—Isken, O., & Maquat, L. E. (2007). Quality control of eukaryotic mRNA: safeguarding cells from abnormal mRNA function. Genes & Development . https://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/21/15/1833.long——https://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/21/15/1833.long
—Son, H. G., et al. (2017). RNA surveillance via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay is crucial for longevity in daf-2 /insulin/IGF-1 mutant C. elegans . Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14749——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14749
—Vermulst, M., et al. (2015). Transcription errors induce proteotoxic stress and shorten cellular lifespan. Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9065——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9065
—Sudmant, P. H., et al. (2018). Widespread accumulation of ribosome-associated isolated 3′ UTRs in neuronal cell populations of the aging brain. Cell Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6354779/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6354779/
—Han, X., et al. (2024). Nuclear RNA homeostasis promotes systems-level coordination of cell fate and senescence. Cell Stem Cell . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.015——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.015
—Stein, K. C., et al. (2022). Ageing exacerbates ribosome pausing to disrupt cotranslational proteostasis. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04295-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04295-4
—Lopez-Otin, C. et al. "The Hallmarks of Aging." Cell (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
—Chen, L. et al. "Associations between biological ageing and the risk of, and reduced life expectancy in, rheumatoid arthritis." The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2024). https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(23)00220-9/fulltext——https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(23)00220-9/fulltext
—WHO ICD-11 ageing-related coding discussed in: He, Q. et al. Frontiers in Public Health (2024). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full
—He, Q. et al. "The association between accelerated biological aging and osteoarthritis." Frontiers in Public Health (2024). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full
—Genovese, G. et al. "Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence." New England Journal of Medicine (2014). https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409405——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409405
—Baker, N. E. "Emerging mechanisms of cell competition." Nature Reviews Genetics (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0262-8——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0262-8
—Jaiswal, S. et al. "Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes." New England Journal of Medicine (2014). https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408617——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408617
—Brunet, A., Goodell, M. A. & Rando, T. A. "Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w
—van Neerven, S. M. & Vermeulen, L. "Cell competition in development, homeostasis and cancer." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00538-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00538-y
—Ermolaeva, M. et al. "Cellular and epigenetic drivers of stem cell ageing." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-018-0020-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-018-0020-3
—Holmström, K. M., and Finkel, T. (2014). “Cellular mechanisms and physiological consequences of redox-dependent signalling.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3801——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3801
—Schmidlin, C. J., et al. (2019). “Redox regulation by NRF2 in aging and disease.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6588470/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6588470/
—Sies, H., and Jones, D. P. (2020). “Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-020-0230-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-020-0230-3
—Birch, J., Gil, J. "Senescence and the SASP: many therapeutic avenues." Genes & Development (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7706700/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7706700/
—Kamat, P. et al. "Single-cell morphology encodes functional subtypes of senescence in aging human dermal fibroblasts." Science Advances (2024). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11118441/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11118441/
—Wechter, N. et al. "Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers diverse and dynamic senescent cell populations." Aging (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37086265/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37086265/
—Hernandez-Segura, A. et al. "Unmasking Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Senescent Cells." Current Biology (2017). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5788810/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5788810/
—Saul, D. et al. "Distinct senotypes in p16- and p21-positive cells across human and mouse aging tissues." The EMBO Journal (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41162753/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41162753/
—Settembre, C. et al. "Signals for the lysosome: a control center for cellular clearance and energy metabolism." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387238/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4387238/
—Aman, Y. et al. "Autophagy in healthy aging and disease." Nature Aging (2021). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8659158/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8659158/
—Sen, P., Shah, P. P., Nativio, R., & Berger, S. L. "Epigenetic Mechanisms of Longevity and Aging." Cell (2016). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5821249/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5821249/
—Pal, S., & Tyler, J. K. "Epigenetics and aging." Science Advances (2016). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600584——https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600584
—Moskalev, A. A. et al. "The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria." Ageing Research Reviews (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/
—Furman, D. et al. “Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span.” Nature Medicine (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0675-0——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0675-0
—Ferrucci, L. & Fabbri, E. “Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty.” Nature Reviews Cardiology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-018-0064-2——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-018-0064-2
—Franceschi, C. et al. “Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
—Terekhova, M. & Artyomov, M. “Rethinking inflammaging across human diversity.” Nature Aging (2025). https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-025-00933-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-025-00933-y
—Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. "From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression." Psychological Bulletin (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4006295/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4006295/
—Epel, E. S. et al. "Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2004). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC534658/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC534658/
—Franceschi, C. et al. "Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases." Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
—McEwen, B. S. "Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators." New England Journal of Medicine (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9428819/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9428819/
—Juster, R. P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. "Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19822172/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19822172/
—Sato, S., et al. (2017). Circadian Reprogramming in the Liver Identifies Metabolic Pathways of Aging. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7792549/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7792549/
—Chen, C.-Y., et al. (2016). Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4711850/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4711850/
—Scheer, F. A. J. L., et al. (2009). Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2657421/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2657421/
—Mortimer, T., et al. (2025). Circadian clock communication during homeostasis and ageing. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-024-00802-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-024-00802-3
—Musiek, E. S., et al. (2013). Circadian clock proteins regulate neuronal redox homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3859381/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3859381/
—Kondratov, R. V., et al. (2006). Early aging and age-related pathologies in mice deficient in BMAL1, the core component of the circadian clock. Genes & Development . https://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/20/14/1868.long——https://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/20/14/1868.long
—Davidson, A. J., et al. (2006). Chronic jet-lag increases mortality in aged mice. Current Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1635966/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1635966/
—Takahashi, J. S. (2017). Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock. Nature Reviews Genetics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5501165/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5501165/
—Solanas, G., et al. (2017). Aged Stem Cells Reprogram Their Daily Rhythmic Functions to Adapt to Stress. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802040/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802040/
—Hood, S., & Amir, S. (2017). The aging clock: circadian rhythms and later life. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5272178/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5272178/
—Robertson, N. A., et al. (2022). "Longitudinal dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis identifies gene-specific fitness effects." Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01883-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01883-3
—Jakobsen, N. A., et al. (2024). "Selective advantage of mutant stem cells in human clonal hematopoiesis is associated with attenuated response to inflammation and aging." Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38917807/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38917807/
—Jaiswal, S., et al. (2014). "Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes." New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408617——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408617
—Genovese, G., et al. (2014). "Clonal Hematopoiesis and Blood-Cancer Risk Inferred from Blood DNA Sequence." New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409405——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409405
—Jaiswal, S., et al. (2017). "Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease." New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa1701719——https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa1701719
—Kirkwood, T. B. L. "Systems biology of ageing and longevity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (2005).———
—Rose, M. R. Evolutionary Biology of Aging (book).———
—Blagosklonny, M. V. "Aging is quasi-programmed: from growth to hyperfunction to death." Aging (2006).———
—Kirkwood, T. B. L. "Evolution of ageing." Nature (1977).———
—Harman, D. "Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry." Journal of Gerontology (1956).———
—Kirkwood, T. B. L., Melov, S. "On the programmed/non-programmed nature of ageing within the life history." Current Biology (2011).———
—Kirkwood, T. B. L., Austad, S. N. "Why do we age?" Nature (2000).———
—Heijmans, B. T., et al. (2008). "Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955703/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955703/
—Huang, X., et al. (2022). "Birth weight and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes: A report from the large population-based UK Biobank cohort study." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35402571/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35402571/
—Eriksson, M., et al. (2004). "The impact of birth weight on coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in a birth cohort followed up for 85 years: a population-based study of men born in 1913." Journal of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15554948/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15554948/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2022). "DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging." eLife . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35029144/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35029144/
—Cheng, M., et al. (2024). "Accelerated biological aging six decades after prenatal famine exposure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38833467/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38833467/
—Aman, Y. et al. “Autophagy in healthy aging and disease.” Nature Aging (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00098-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00098-4
—Kitada, M. & Koya, D. “Autophagy in metabolic disease and ageing.” Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-021-00551-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-021-00551-9
—Russell, S. J., & Kahn, C. R. "Endocrine regulation of ageing." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2007). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2234——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2234
—Xing, Y. et al. "Aging under endocrine hormone regulation." Frontiers in Endocrinology (2023). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10433899/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10433899/
—Kenyon, C. et al. "A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type." Nature (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8247153/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8247153/
—Veldhuis, J. D. "Changes in pituitary function with ageing and implications for patient care." Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2013). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2013.38——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2013.38
—Hannum, G. et al. "Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates." Genome Research (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3780611/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3780611/
—Horvath, S., & Raj, K. "DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing." Nature Reviews Genetics (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-018-0004-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-018-0004-3
—Olova, N. et al. "Partial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identity." Aging Cell (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6351826/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6351826/
—Horvath, S. "DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types." Genome Biology (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4015143/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4015143/
—Lu, A. T. et al. "Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues." Nature Aging (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00462-6——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00462-6
—Kirkwood, T. B. L., Holliday, R. "The evolution of ageing and longevity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (1979).———
—Medawar, P. B. An Unsolved Problem of Biology (1952).———
—Rose, M. R. Evolutionary Biology of Aging (1991).———
—Williams, G. C. "Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence." Evolution (1957).———
—Hamilton, W. D. "The moulding of senescence by natural selection." Journal of Theoretical Biology (1966).———
—Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., & Weaver, V. M. "The extracellular matrix at a glance." Journal of Cell Science (2010). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2995612/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2995612/
—Wu, L., et al. (2024). "Macrophage iron dyshomeostasis promotes aging-related renal fibrosis." Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11561705/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11561705/
—Sun, D. Y., et al. (2024). "Pro-ferroptotic signaling promotes arterial aging via vascular smooth muscle cell senescence." Nature Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10873425/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10873425/
—Ding, H., et al. (2021). "Transferrin receptor 1 ablation in satellite cells impedes skeletal muscle regeneration through activation of ferroptosis." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8200440/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8200440/
—Du, K., et al. (2024). "Aging promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inducing ferroptotic stress." Nature Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12810195/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12810195/
—Jiang, X., Stockwell, B. R., and Conrad, M. (2021). "Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8142022/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8142022/
—Zeidan, R. S., et al. (2021). "Iron homeostasis and organismal aging." Ageing Research Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8620744/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8620744/
—Moore, L. et al. “The mutational landscape of human somatic and germline cells.” Nature (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03822-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03822-7
—Schumacher, B. et al. “The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process.” Nature (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03307-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03307-7
—Villeda, S. A. et al. "Young blood reverses age-related impairments in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in mice." Nature Medicine (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24793238/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24793238/
—Conboy, I. M. et al. "Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment." Nature (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/
—Connolly, E. et al. "Loss of immune cell identity with age inferred from large atlases of single cell transcriptomes." Aging Cell (2024). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11634704/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11634704/
—Shrestha, S. et al. "Aging compromises human islet beta cell function and identity by decreasing transcription factor activity and inducing ER stress." Science Advances (2022). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9534504/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9534504/
—Olova, N. et al. "Partial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identity." Aging Cell (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30450724/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30450724/
—Lu, Y. et al. "Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision." Nature (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7752134/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7752134/
—Angelidis, I. et al. "An atlas of the aging lung mapped by single cell transcriptomics and deep tissue proteomics." Nature Communications (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08831-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08831-9
—Moskalev, A. A. et al. "The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria." Ageing Res Rev (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353384/
—Carmona-Gutierrez, D. et al. “The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity.” Ageing Research Reviews (2016). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5081277/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5081277/
—Lawrence, R. E. & Zoncu, R. “The lysosome as a cellular centre for signalling, metabolism and quality control.” Nature Cell Biology (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0244-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0244-7
—Nixon, R. A. & Rubinsztein, D. C. “Mechanisms of autophagy–lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2024). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-024-00757-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-024-00757-5
—Picca, A. et al. “Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease.” Nature Metabolism (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-023-00930-8——https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-023-00930-8
—Guilbaud, E., Sarosiek, K. A. & Galluzzi, L. “Inflammation and mitophagy are mitochondrial checkpoints to aging.” Nature Communications (2024). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47840-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47840-1
—Palikaras, K., Lionaki, E. & Tavernarakis, N. “Mechanisms of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathology.” Nature Cell Biology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0176-2——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0176-2
—Martinez-Jimenez, C. P., et al. (2017). “Aging increases cell-to-cell transcriptional variability upon immune stimulation.” Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405862/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5405862/
—Sen, P., et al. (2023). “Spurious intragenic transcription is a feature of mammalian cellular senescence and tissue aging.” Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00384-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00384-3
—Hernando-Herraez, I., et al. (2019). “Ageing affects DNA methylation drift and transcriptional cell-to-cell variability in mouse muscle stem cells.” Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12293-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12293-4
—Debès, C., et al. (2023). “Ageing-associated changes in transcriptional elongation influence longevity.” Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y
—Gyenis, A., et al. (2023). “Genome-wide RNA polymerase stalling shapes the transcriptome during aging.” Nature Genetics . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01279-6——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01279-6
—Bahar, R., et al. (2006). “Increased cell-to-cell variation in gene expression in ageing mouse heart.” Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04844——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04844
—Ibañez-Solé, O., et al. (2022). “Lack of evidence for increased transcriptional noise in aged tissues.” eLife . https://elifesciences.org/articles/80380——https://elifesciences.org/articles/80380
—Angelidis, I., et al. (2019). “An atlas of the aging lung mapped by single cell transcriptomics and deep tissue proteomics.” Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08831-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08831-9
—Sarnoski, E. A., et al. (2017). “Noise reduction as an emergent property of single-cell aging.” Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00752-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00752-9
—Vermulst, M., et al. (2015). “Transcription errors induce proteotoxic stress and shorten cellular lifespan.” Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9065——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9065
—McCauley, B. S., et al. (2021). “Altered chromatin states drive cryptic transcription in aging mammalian stem cells.” Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00091-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00091-x
—The Tabula Muris Consortium. (2020). “A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes ageing tissues in the mouse.” Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2496-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2496-1
—Marschallinger, J., et al. (2020). Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia represent a dysfunctional and proinflammatory state in the aging brain. Nature Neuroscience . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0566-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0566-1
—Banks, W. A., Reed, M. J., Logsdon, A. F., et al. (2021). Healthy aging and the blood-brain barrier. Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00043-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00043-5
—Heneka, M. T., et al. (2015). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet Neurology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25792098/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25792098/
—Clarke, L. E., et al. (2018). Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5828643/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5828643/
—Zlokovic, B. V. (2011). Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4036520/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4036520/
—Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
—Deczkowska, A., Keren-Shaul, H., Weiner, A., Colonna, M., Schwartz, M., & Amit, I. (2018). Disease-associated microglia: a universal immune sensor of neurodegeneration. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775591/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775591/
—Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D. T., & Latz, E. (2015). Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Nature Immunology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689443/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25689443/
—Ximerakis, M., et al. (2019). Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain. Nature Neuroscience . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0491-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0491-3
—Sadaie, M., et al. (2013). “Redistribution of the Lamin B1 genomic binding profile affects rearrangement of heterochromatic domains and SAHF formation during senescence.” Genes & Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3759696/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3759696/
—Eriksson, M., et al. (2003). “Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.” Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714972/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714972/
—Scaffidi, P., & Misteli, T. (2006). “Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging.” Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1855250/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1855250/
—Goldman, R. D., et al. (2004). “Accumulation of mutant lamin A causes progressive changes in nuclear architecture in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC428455/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC428455/
—Shevelyov, Y. Y., & Ulianov, S. V. (2019). “The Nuclear Lamina as an Organizer of Chromosome Architecture.” Cells . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6406483/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6406483/
—Dou, Z., et al. (2017). “Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer.” Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5850938/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5850938/
—Dou, Z., et al. (2015). “Autophagy mediates degradation of nuclear lamina.” Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824414/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4824414/
—Kristiani, L., et al. (2020). “Role of the Nuclear Lamina in Age-Associated Nuclear Reorganization and Inflammation.” Cells . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7140666/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7140666/
—Shimi, T., et al. (2011). “The role of nuclear lamin B1 in cell proliferation and senescence.” Genes & Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248680/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3248680/
—Martins, F., et al. (2020). “Nuclear envelope dysfunction and its contribution to the aging process.” Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7253059/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7253059/
—Legakis, J. E., et al. (2002). "Peroxisome senescence in human fibroblasts." Molecular Biology of the Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12475949/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12475949/
—Dolese, D. A., et al. (2022). "Degradative tubular lysosomes link pexophagy to starvation and early aging in C. elegans ." Autophagy . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34689720/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34689720/
—Cipolla, C. M., and Lodhi, I. J. (2017). "Peroxisomal dysfunction in age-related diseases." Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063767/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063767/
—Klinge, S., & Woolford, J. L. Jr. "Ribosome assembly coming into focus." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-018-0078-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-018-0078-y
—Lessard, F. et al. "Senescence-associated ribosome biogenesis defects contributes to cell cycle arrest through the Rb pathway." Nature Cell Biology (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0127-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-018-0127-y
—Xiao, F.-H. et al. "ETS1 acts as a regulator of human healthy aging via decreasing ribosomal activity." Science Advances (2022). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9045719/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9045719/
—Buchwalter, A., & Hetzer, M. W. "Nucleolar expansion and elevated protein translation in premature aging." Nature Communications (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00322-z——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00322-z
—Tiku, V. et al. "Small nucleoli are a cellular hallmark of longevity." Nature Communications (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16083——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16083
—Anisimova, A. S. et al. "Multifaceted deregulation of gene expression and protein synthesis with age." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7354943/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7354943/
—Gutierrez, J. I., & Tyler, J. K. "A mortality timer based on nucleolar size triggers nucleolar integrity loss and catastrophic genomic instability." Nature Aging (2024). https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00754-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00754-5
—Kwon, S. M. et al. "Global spliceosome activity regulates entry into cellular senescence." FASEB Journal (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33337569/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33337569/
—Wang, K. et al. "Comprehensive map of age-associated splicing changes across human tissues and their contributions to age-associated diseases." Scientific Reports (2018). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053367/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053367/
—Harries, L. W. et al. "Human aging is characterized by focused changes in gene expression and deregulation of alternative splicing." Aging Cell (2011). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3173580/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3173580/
—Garcia-Ruiz, S. et al. "Splicing accuracy varies across human introns, tissues, age and disease." Nature Communications (2025). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11772838/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11772838/
—Yao, J. et al. "Prevalent intron retention fine-tunes gene expression and contributes to cellular senescence." Aging Cell (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7744961/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7744961/
—Adusumalli, S. et al. "Increased intron retention is a post-transcriptional signature associated with progressive aging and Alzheimer's disease." Aging Cell (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868713/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868713/
—Debes, C. et al. "Ageing-associated changes in transcriptional elongation influence longevity." Nature (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05922-y
—Hanahan, D. "Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions." Cancer Discovery (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35022204/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35022204/
—Campisi, J. "Aging, cellular senescence, and cancer." Annual Review of Physiology (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140366/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140366/
—Demaria, M. et al. "Cellular Senescence Promotes Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Relapse." Cancer Discovery (2017). https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/7/2/165/6158/Cellular-Senescence-Promotes-Adverse-Effects-of——https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/7/2/165/6158/Cellular-Senescence-Promotes-Adverse-Effects-of
—Austad, S. N., & Fischer, K. E. "Sex Differences in Lifespan." Cell Metabolism (2016). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4932837/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4932837/
—Lemaitre, J.-F. et al. "Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7165438/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7165438/
—Mauvais-Jarvis, F. et al. "Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine." The Lancet (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32828189/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32828189/
—Horvath, S. et al. "An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease." Genome Biology (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27511193/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27511193/
—Marquez, E. J. et al. "Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging." Nature Communications (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14396-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14396-9
—Phyo, A. Z. Z. et al. "Sex differences in biological aging and the association with clinical measures in older adults." GeroScience (2024). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10828143/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10828143/
—Luecken, M. D. et al. "Benchmarking atlas-level data integration in single-cell genomics." Nature Methods (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01336-8——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01336-8
—Tabula Muris Consortium. "A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes ageing tissues in the mouse." Nature (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2496-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2496-1
—Jones, O. R. et al. "Diversity of ageing across the tree of life." Nature (2014).———
—Valenzuela-Sanchez, A. et al. "Variable rate of ageing within species." (2023). https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172184/3/Cunningham_Manuscript%2030-03-2022_submitted.pdf——https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172184/3/Cunningham_Manuscript%2030-03-2022_submitted.pdf
—Lemaitre, J. F., Gaillard, J. M. "Reproductive senescence: new perspectives in the wild." Biological Reviews (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374548/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374548/
—Morrison, S. J., Spradling, A. C. "Stem cell niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life." Cell (2008). https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(08)00139-6——https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(08)00139-6
—Conboy, I. M., Rando, T. A. "Aging, stem cells and tissue regeneration: lessons from muscle." Cell Stem Cell (2012). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.4.3.1518——https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.4.3.1518
—Ye, Q. et al. “Telomere length and chronological age across the human lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Ageing Research Reviews (2023). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529491/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529491/
—Rossiello, F. et al. “Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases.” Nature Cell Biology (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-022-00842-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-022-00842-x
—Savage, S. A. “Beginning at the ends: telomeres and human disease.” F1000Research (2018). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5931273/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5931273/
—Demanelis, K. et al. “Determinants of telomere length across human tissues.” Science (2020). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6876——https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6876
—Thevaranjan, N., et al. (2017). Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host & Microbe . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28407483/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28407483/
—Claesson, M. J., et al. (2012). Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11319——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11319
—O'Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. B. (2015). Gut microbiota and aging. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26785481/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26785481/
—Galkin, F., et al. (2021). The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity. Genes & Immunity . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-021-00126-8——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41435-021-00126-8
—Fransen, F., et al. (2017). Aged gut microbiota contributes to systemical inflammaging after transfer to germ-free mice. Frontiers in Immunology . https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01385/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01385/full
—Wilmanski, T., et al. (2021). Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans. Nature Metabolism . https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-021-00348-0——https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-021-00348-0
—Sato, Y., et al. (2021). Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03832-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03832-5
—Jeffery, I. B., et al. (2016). Composition and temporal stability of the gut microbiota in older persons. The ISME Journal . https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201588——https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201588
—Wu, L., et al. (2023). Longevity of centenarians is reflected by the gut microbiome with youth-associated signatures. Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00389-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00389-y
—De Cecco, M. et al. "L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation." Nature (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6519963/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6519963/
—LaRocca, T. J. et al. "Repetitive elements as a transcriptomic marker of aging: Evidence in multiple datasets and models." Aging Cell (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7412685/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7412685/
—Van Meter, M. et al. "SIRT6 represses LINE1 retrotransposons by ribosylating KAP1 but this repression fails with stress and age." Nature Communications (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185372/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185372/
—Wood, J. G. et al. "Chromatin-modifying genetic interventions suppress age-associated transposable element activation and extend life span in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5056045/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5056045/
—Li, W. et al. "Activation of transposable elements during aging and neuronal decline in Drosophila." Nature Neuroscience (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821974/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821974/
—Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Holliday, R. "The evolution of ageing and longevity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1979). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42059/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42059/
—Laurent, S., Cockcroft, J., Van Bortel, L., Boutouyrie, P., Giannattasio, C., Hayoz, D., et al. (2006). Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. European Heart Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17000623/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17000623/
—Sequi-Dominguez, I., Cavero-Redondo, I., Alvarez-Bueno, C., Pozuelo-Carrascosa, D. P., Nunez de Arenas-Arroyo, S., & Martinez-Vizcaino, V. (2020). Accuracy of pulse wave velocity predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7408852/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7408852/
—Safar, M. E., Levy, B. I., & Struijker-Boudier, H. (2003). Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12538439/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12538439/
—O'Rourke, M. F., & Hashimoto, J. (2007). Mechanical factors in arterial aging: a clinical perspective. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17692727/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17692727/
—Mitchell, G. F. (2014). Arterial stiffness and hypertension: chicken or egg? Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799614/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799614/
—Vlachopoulos, C., Aznaouridis, K., & Stefanadis, C. (2010). Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20117448/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20117448/
—Mitchell, G. F., Parise, H., Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G., Keyes, M. J., Vita, J. A., Vasan, R. S., & Levy, D. (2004). Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15123572/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15123572/
—Sun, Z. (2015). Aging, arterial stiffness, and hypertension. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25941331/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25941331/
—Nilsson, P. M., Boutouyrie, P., & Laurent, S. (2009). Vascular aging: a tale of EVA and ADAM in cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19652083/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19652083/
—North, B. J., & Sinclair, D. A. (2012). The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3366686/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3366686/
—Townsend, R. R., Wilkinson, I. B., Schiffrin, E. L., Avolio, A. P., Chirinos, J. A., Cockcroft, J. R., et al. (2015). Recommendations for improving and standardizing vascular research on arterial stiffness: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26160955/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26160955/
—Zhong, Q., Hu, M. J., Cui, Y. J., Liang, L., Zhou, M. M., Yang, Y. W., & Huang, F. (2018). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in the prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Angiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29172654/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29172654/
—Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. The Lancet , 327(8476), 307-310. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2868172/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2868172/
—Jones, G. R. D., & Aarsand, A. K. (2024). A new concept for reference change values—regression to the population mean. Clinical Chemistry , 70(8), 1076-1084. https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/70/8/1076/7679834——https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/70/8/1076/7679834
—Jones, G. R. D., et al. (2025). Estimating reference change values using routine patient data: a novel pathology database approach. Clinical Chemistry , 71(2), 307-317. https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/71/2/307/7874401——https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/71/2/307/7874401
—Hardikar, S., et al. (2014). Intraindividual variability over time in plasma biomarkers of inflammation and effects of long-term storage. Cancer Causes & Control , 25(8), 969-976. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4169209/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4169209/
—Lacher, D. A., Hughes, J. P., & Carroll, M. D. (2005). Estimate of biological variation of laboratory analytes based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clinical Chemistry , 51(2), 450-452. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15681571/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15681571/
—Moqri, M., Herzog, C., Poganik, J. R., et al. (2024). Validation of biomarkers of aging. Nature Medicine , 30(2), 360-372. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02784-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02784-9
—Mayeux, R. (2004). Biomarkers: potential uses and limitations. NeuroRx , 1(2), 182-188. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC534923/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC534923/
—Guralnik, J. M., et al. (2004). Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia . Blood . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15238427/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15238427/
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan . Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/
—Leng, S. X., et al. (2005). Baseline total and specific differential white blood cell counts and 5-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women . Experimental Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16183235/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16183235/
—Herklotz, R., et al. (2020). Reference intervals for platelet counts in the elderly: results from the prospective SENIORLAB study . Journal of Clinical Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32899382/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32899382/
—Kwon, D., & Belsky, D. W. (2021). A toolkit for quantification of biological age from blood chemistry and organ function test data: BioAge . GeroScience . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34725754/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34725754/
—Patel, K. V., et al. (2010). Red cell distribution width and mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis . The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19880817/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19880817/
—Pyrkov, T. V., et al. (2021). Longitudinal analysis of blood markers reveals progressive loss of resilience and predicts human lifespan limit . Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035236/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035236/
—Fest, J., et al. (2019). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with mortality in the general population: the Rotterdam Study . European Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569368/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569368/
—Franklin, S. S., Gustin, W., Wong, N. D., Larson, M. G., Weber, M. A., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. (1997). Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.1.308——https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.1.308
—Vaccarino, V., Holford, T. R., & Krumholz, H. M. (2000). Pulse pressure and risk for myocardial infarction and heart failure in the elderly. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10898424/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10898424/
—Kikuya, M., Asayama, K., & Ohkubo, T. (2019). Blood pressure variability and arterial stiffness parameters derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Kardiologia Polska . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31125026/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31125026/
—Sequi-Dominguez, I., Cavero-Redondo, I., Alvarez-Bueno, C., Pozuelo-Carrascosa, D. P., Nunez de Arenas-Arroyo, S., & Martinez-Vizcaino, V. (2020). Accuracy of pulse wave velocity predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32630671/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32630671/
—O'Rourke, M. F., & Nichols, W. W. (2005). Aortic diameter, aortic stiffness, and wave reflection increase with age and isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699456/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699456/
—Lu, Y., Kiechl, S. J., Wang, J., Xu, Q., Kiechl, S., Pechlaner, R., et al. (2023). Global distributions of age- and sex-related arterial stiffness: systematic review and meta-analysis of 167 studies with 509,743 participants. EBioMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37229905/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37229905/
—Avolio, A. (2013). Arterial stiffness. Pulse . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26587425/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26587425/
—Brach, J. S., et al. (2023). The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study-Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting. Journal of Gerontology Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37431156/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37431156/
—Lee, C. G., et al. (2017). Body Composition Remodeling and Mortality: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study. Journals of Gerontology Series A , 72(4), 513-519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27567109/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27567109/
—Donini, L. M., et al. (2022). Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement. Obesity Facts , 15(3), 321-335. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9210010/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9210010/
—Woo, J., Leung, J., & Kwok, T. (2007). BMI, body composition, and physical functioning in older adults. Obesity , 15(7), 1886-1894. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17636108/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17636108/
—Miljkovic, I., et al. (2021). Body Composition by Computed Tomography vs Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: Long-Term Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in the Health ABC Cohort. Journals of Gerontology Series A , 76(6), 1042-1049. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33835154/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33835154/
—Maeyens, L. T., Nelson, J. F., & Zhao, S. (2026). Visceral adiposity, metabolic health and aging. Nature Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41714834/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41714834/
—Cole, J. H., & Franke, K. (2017). Predicting age using neuroimaging: innovative brain ageing biomarkers . Trends in Neurosciences . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.001——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.001
—Kaufmann, T., et al. (2019). Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain . Nature Neuroscience . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0471-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0471-7
—Cole, J. H., et al. (2018). Brain age predicts mortality . Molecular Psychiatry . https://www.nature.com/articles/mp201762——https://www.nature.com/articles/mp201762
—Mandsager, K., Harb, S., Cremer, P., Phelan, D., Nissen, S. E., & Jaber, W. (2018). Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with long-term mortality among adults undergoing exercise treadmill testing. JAMA Network Open , 1(6), e183605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646252/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646252/
—Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., et al. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA , 301(19), 2024-2035. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/
—Fleg, J. L., Morrell, C. H., Bos, A. G., et al. (2005). Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Circulation , 112(5), 674-682. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16043637/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16043637/
—Loe, H., Rognmo, O., Saltin, B., & Wisloff, U. (2013). Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20-90 years. PLoS ONE , 8(5), e64319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691196/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691196/
—Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., et al. (2016). Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign. Circulation , 134(24), e653-e699. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881567/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881567/
—Kaminsky, L. A., Arena, R., & Myers, J. (2015). Reference standards for cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing: data from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clinic Proceedings , 90(11), 1515-1523. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455884/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455884/
—Ferrucci, L., & Fabbri, E. (2018). Inflammation: a key to understanding age-related diseases. Journal of Internal Medicine , 283(6), 573-591. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6882952/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6882952/
—Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., et al. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 56(3), M146-M157. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/56/3/M146/545770——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/56/3/M146/545770
—Aging Biomarker Consortium, Bao, H., Cao, J., Chen, M., et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging. Science China Life Sciences , 66(5), 893-1066. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115486/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115486/
—Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Foley, D., et al. (1999). Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA , 281(6), 558-560. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188699——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188699
—Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Penninx, B. W., et al. (2009). Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people. JAMA , 301(17), 1782-1790. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2676397/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2676397/
—Kennedy, B. K., Berger, S. L., Brunet, A., et al. (2014). Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell , 159(4), 709-713. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292892/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292892/
—Horvath, S., & Raj, K. (2018). DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing. Nature Reviews Genetics , 19(2), 101-113. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.115——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.115
—Levine, M. E., Lu, A. T., Quach, A., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) , 10(4), 573-591. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/
—Hartmann, A., Hartmann, C., Secci, R., et al. (2021). Ranking biomarkers of aging by citation profiling and effort scoring. Frontiers in Genetics , 12, 686320. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/
—Perri, G., Poganik, J. R., Levine, M. E., et al. (2025). An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in intervention studies. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences , 80(5), glae297. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
—Poganik, J. R., Perri, G., Belsky, D. W., et al. (2024). Framework to standardize biomarkers of aging and accelerate clinical translation. Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00550-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00550-7
—Sanderson-Cimino, M. E., et al. (2025). Practice effects persist over two decades of cognitive testing: Implications for longitudinal research . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40585136/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40585136/
—Weintraub, S., et al. (2013). Cognition assessment using the NIH Toolbox . Neurology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23479546/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23479546/
—Deary, I. J., et al. (2009). Age-associated cognitive decline . British Medical Bulletin . https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp033——https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp033
—Ganguli, M., et al. (2010). Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: The Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team . Aging & Mental Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2828360/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2828360/
—Wilson, R. S., et al. (2007). Terminal cognitive decline: accelerated loss of cognition in the last years of life . Neurology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327212/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327212/
—Lavery, L. L., et al. (2009). Cognitive decline and mortality in a community-based cohort: the Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2768614/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2768614/
—Searle, S. D., et al. (2015). A proposed panel of biomarkers of healthy ageing . BMC Medicine . https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0470-9——https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0470-9
—Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve . Neuropsychologia . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2739591/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2739591/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2018). Eleven telomere, epigenetic clock, and biomarker-composite quantifications of biological aging: Do they measure the same thing? American Journal of Epidemiology . https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx346——https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx346
—Nakamura, E., and Miyao, K. (2007). A method for identifying biomarkers of aging and constructing an index of biological age in humans. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/62.10.1096——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/62.10.1096
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2015). Quantification of biological aging in young adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506264112——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506264112
—Klemera, P., and Doubal, S. (2006). A new approach to the concept and computation of biological age. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2005.10.004——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2005.10.004
—Li, X., et al. (2020). Association of blood chemistry quantifications of biological aging with disability and mortality in older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz219——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz219
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414
—Levine, M. E. (2013). Modeling the rate of senescence: Can estimated biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls233——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls233
—Herzog, C. M. S., et al. (2024). Challenges and recommendations for the translation of biomarkers of aging. Nature Aging , 4(11), 1231-1241. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00550-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00550-7
—McGlinchey, E., et al. (2024). Biomarkers of neurodegeneration across the Global South. The Lancet Healthy Longevity , 5(9), e611-e627. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(24)00132-6/fulltext——https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(24)00132-6/fulltext
—Doherty, A., et al. (2017). Large Scale Population Assessment of Physical Activity Using Wrist Worn Accelerometers: The UK Biobank Study . PLOS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5287488/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5287488/
—Coravos, A., Khozin, S., & Mandl, K. D. (2019). Developing and adopting safe and effective digital biomarkers to improve patient outcomes . npj Digital Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868107/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868107/
—FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. (2016). BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/
—Strain, T., et al. (2020). Wearable-device-measured physical activity and future health risk . Nature Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7116559/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7116559/
—Hicks, J. L., et al. (2019). Best practices for analyzing large-scale health data from wearables and smartphone apps . npj Digital Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0121-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0121-1
—Khurshid, S., et al. (2022). Wearable accelerometer-derived physical activity and incident disease . npj Digital Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00676-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00676-9
—Liu, J., et al. (2024). Quantification of epigenetic aging in population studies. Clinical Epigenetics , 16(1), 175. https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-024-01818-8——https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-024-01818-8
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) , 10(4), 573-591. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/
—Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biology , 14(10), R115. https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115——https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115
—Hannum, G., et al. (2013). Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates. Genome Research , 23(12), 2124-2132. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3856243/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3856243/
—Higgins-Chen, A. T., et al. (2022). A computational solution for bias and noise in epigenetic clocks. Clinical Epigenetics , 14(1), 117. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9270895/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9270895/
—Lu, A. T., et al. (2019). DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) , 11(4), 1183-1199. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6366976/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6366976/
—Chen, B. H., et al. (2016). DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting mortality. Aging Cell , 15(4), 686-698. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13229——https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13229
—Horvath, S., & Raj, K. (2018). DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing. Nature Reviews Genetics , 19(6), 371-384. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.115——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.115
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2022). DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. Nature Medicine , 28(10), 2086-2095. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8853656/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8853656/
—Callisaya, M. L., Blizzard, L., Schmidt, M. D., McGinley, J. L., & Srikanth, V. K. (2010). Ageing and gait variability: a population-based study of older people. Age and Ageing , 39(2), 191-197. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20083617/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20083617/
—Tian, Q., Chastan, N., Bair, W.-N., Resnick, S. M., Ferrucci, L., & Studenski, S. A. (2017). The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 74(Pt A), 149-162. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5303129/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5303129/
—Martin, K. L., Blizzard, L., Wood, A. G., Srikanth, V., Thomson, R., Sanders, L. M., & Callisaya, M. L. (2013). Cognitive function, gait, and gait variability in older people: a population-based study. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences , 68(6), 726-732. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23112113/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23112113/
—Bogen, B., Aaslund, M. K., Ranhoff, A. H., & Moe-Nilssen, R. (2019). Two-year changes in gait variability in community-living older adults. Gait & Posture , 72, 142-147. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200293/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200293/
—Brach, J. S., Studenski, S. A., Perera, S., VanSwearingen, J. M., & Newman, A. B. (2007). Gait variability and the risk of incident mobility disability in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences , 62(9), 983-988. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2858390/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2858390/
—Doi, T., Nakakubo, S., Tsutsumimoto, K., Kurita, S., Ishii, H., & Shimada, H. (2021). Spatiotemporal gait characteristics and risk of mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Maturitas , 151, 31-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34446276/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34446276/
—Brach, J. S., Berthold, R., Craik, R., VanSwearingen, J. M., & Newman, A. B. (2001). Gait variability in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 49(12), 1646-1650. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11843998/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11843998/
—Brach, J. S., Perera, S., Studenski, S., Katz, M., Hall, C., & Verghese, J. (2010). Meaningful change in measures of gait variability in older adults. Gait & Posture , 31(2), 175-179. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2818277/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2818277/
—Palta, P., Huang, E. S., Kalyani, R. R., Golden, S. H., & Yeh, H. C. (2017). Hemoglobin A1c and mortality in older adults with and without diabetes: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988–2011). Diabetes Care . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28223299/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28223299/
—Bermingham, K. M., Smith, H. A., Duncan, E. L., Gonzalez, J. T., Valdes, A. M., Franks, P. W., et al. (2026). Associations of continuous glucose monitor derived time in range and glycaemic variability with diet, lifestyle and demographics. Nature Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13187318/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13187318/
—Kalyani, R. R., Varadhan, R., Weiss, C. O., Fried, L. P., & Cappola, A. R. (2012). Frailty status and altered glucose-insulin dynamics. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21873592/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21873592/
—Daya, N. R., Fang, M., Wang, D., Valint, A., Windham, B. G., Coresh, J., et al. (2025). Glucose abnormalities detected by continuous glucose monitoring in very old adults with and without diabetes. Diabetes Care . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39705138/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39705138/
—Jung, M. H., Yi, S. W., An, S. J., Balkau, B., Yi, J. J., & Kim, H. (2020). Complex interaction of fasting glucose, body mass index, age and sex on all-cause mortality: a cohort study in 15 million Korean adults. Diabetologia . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32424541/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32424541/
—Basu, R., Breda, E., Oberg, A. L., Powell, C. C., Dalla Man, C., Basu, A., et al. (2003). Mechanisms of the age-associated deterioration in glucose tolerance: contribution of alterations in insulin secretion, action, and clearance. Diabetes . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12829641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12829641/
—Levine, M. E., Lu, A. T., Quach, A., Chen, B. H., Assimes, T. L., Bandinelli, S., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/
—Shah, V. N., DuBose, S. N., Li, Z., Beck, R. W., Peters, A. L., Weinstock, R. S., et al. (2019). Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy nondiabetic participants: a multicenter prospective study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127824/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127824/
—Ercan, A., et al. (2017). Estrogens regulate glycosylation of IgG in women and men. JCI Insight . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28239652/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28239652/
—Merleev, A. A., et al. (2020). A site-specific map of the human plasma glycome and its age and gender-associated alterations. Scientific Reports . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73588-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73588-x
—Paton, B., Suarez, M., Herrero, P., & Canela, N. (2021). Glycosylation biomarkers associated with age-related diseases and current methods for glycan analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8198018/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8198018/
—Krištić, J., et al. (2014). Glycans are a novel biomarker of chronological and biological ages. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325898/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325898/
—Rantanen, T., Volpato, S., Ferrucci, L., et al. (2003). Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: exploring the mechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51(5), 636-641. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12752838/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12752838/
—Cheung, C.-L., Nguyen, U.-S. D. T., Au, E., Tan, K. C., & Kung, A. W. C. (2013). Association of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Age (Dordr) , 35(3), 929-941. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633344/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633344/
—Bohannon, R. W. (2017). Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry for grip strength: a systematic review. Isokinetics and Exercise Science , 25(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-160624——https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-160624
—Frontiers in Medicine. (2025). Handgrip strength as a potential indicator of aging: insights from its association with aging-related laboratory biomarkers. Frontiers in Medicine , 10, 1491584. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1491584/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1491584/full
—Bohannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging , 14, 1681-1691. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
—Sayer, A. A., & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2015). Grip strength and mortality: a biomarker of ageing? The Lancet , 386(9990), 226-227. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26090667/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26090667/
—Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., et al. (2011). A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. Age and Ageing , 40(4), 423-429. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21624928/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21624928/
—Alley, D. E., Shardell, M. D., Peters, K. W., et al. (2014). Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences , 69(5), 559-566. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3991141/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3991141/
—Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. European Heart Journal , 17(3), 354-381. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8737210/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8737210/
—Umetani, K., Singer, D. H., McCraty, R., & Atkinson, M. (1998). Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 31(3), 593-601. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9502641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9502641/
—Rocha, A. S. L., Siqueira, V. B., Maduro, P. A., Batista, L. S. P., & Schwingel, P. A. (2024). Reference values for heart rate variability in older adults: a systematic review. Psychophysiology , 61(12), e14661. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39073173/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39073173/
—Jarczok, M. N., Weimer, K., Braun, C., et al. (2022). Heart rate variability in the prediction of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of healthy and patient populations. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 143, 104907. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36243195/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36243195/
—Georgiou, K., Larentzakis, A. V., Khamis, N. N., Alsuhaibani, G. I., Alaska, Y. A., & Giallafos, E. J. (2018). Can wearable devices accurately measure heart rate variability? A systematic review. Folia Medica , 60(1), 7-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668452/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668452/
—Tsuji, H., Venditti, F. J., Manders, E. S., et al. (1996). Determinants of heart rate variability. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 28(6), 1539-1546. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8917269/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8917269/
—Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research: recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Frontiers in Psychology , 8, 213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28265249/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28265249/
—Fulop, T., et al. (2018). Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes? . Frontiers in Immunology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5767595/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5767595/
—Filippov, I., Schauser, L., & Peterson, P. (2024). An integrated single-cell atlas of blood immune cells in aging . npj Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-024-00185-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-024-00185-x
—Mogilenko, D. A., Shchukina, I., & Artyomov, M. N. (2022). Immune ageing at single-cell resolution . Nature Reviews Immunology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-021-00646-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-021-00646-4
—Nikolich-Zugich, J. (2018). The twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system . Nature Immunology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-017-0006-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-017-0006-x
—Luo, O. J., et al. (2022). Multidimensional single-cell analysis of human peripheral blood reveals characteristic features of the immune system landscape in aging and frailty . Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00198-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00198-9
—Rodriguez, I. J., et al. (2021). Immunosenescence Study of T Cells: A Systematic Review . Frontiers in Immunology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7843425/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7843425/
—Sayed, N., et al. (2021). An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging . Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00082-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00082-y
—Alpert, A., et al. (2019). A clinically meaningful metric of immune age derived from high-dimensional longitudinal monitoring . Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0381-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0381-y
—Franck, M., et al. (2025). Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations . Nature Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40588649/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40588649/
—Andonian, B. J., et al. (2025). Inflammation and aging-related disease: A transdisciplinary inflammaging framework . Geroscience . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39352664/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39352664/
—Kwon, D., Belsky, D. W., & Achenbach, C. J. (2021). A toolkit for quantification of biological age from blood chemistry and organ function test data: BioAge . GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602613/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602613/
—Inker, L. A., et al. (2012). Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C . The New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1114248——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1114248
—Bachmann, L. M., et al. (2017). Beta trace protein does not outperform creatinine and cystatin C in estimating glomerular filtration rate in older adults . Scientific Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5627233/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5627233/
—Matias-Garcia, P. R., et al. (2021). DNAm-based signatures of accelerated aging and mortality in blood are associated with low renal function . Clinical Epigenetics . https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-021-01082-w——https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-021-01082-w
—Kooman, J. P., et al. (2014). Chronic kidney disease and premature ageing . Nature Reviews Nephrology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24686460/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24686460/
—Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. (2010). Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality . The Lancet . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3993088/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3993088/
—Sarnak, M. J., et al. (2008). Cystatin C and aging success . Archives of Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2871318/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2871318/
—Shlipak, M. G., et al. (2013). Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function . The New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1214234——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1214234
—Matsushita, K., et al. (2015). Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: A collaborative meta-analysis . The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26028594/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26028594/
—Bolignano, D., Mattace-Raso, F., Sijbrands, E. J. G., & Zoccali, C. (2014). The aging kidney revisited: A systematic review . Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24280505/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24280505/
—Inker, L. A., et al. (2021). New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race . The New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2102953——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2102953
—Perri, G., et al. (2025). An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in intervention studies. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 80(5), glae297. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
—Spoto, B., Mattace-Raso, F., Sijbrands, E. J., D'Arrigo, G., Tripepi, G., Volpato, S., et al. (2017). Oxidized LDL, gamma-glutamyltransferase and adverse outcomes in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28422277/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28422277/
—Koehler, E. M., Sanna, D., Hansen, B. E., van Rooij, F. J. A., Heeringa, J., Hofman, A., et al. (2014). Serum liver enzymes are associated with all-cause mortality in an elderly population. Liver International . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24219360/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24219360/
—Wynne, H. A., Cope, L. H., Mutch, E., Rawlins, M. D., Woodhouse, K. W., & James, O. F. W. (1989). The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man. Hepatology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643548/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2643548/
—Kim, I. H., Kisseleva, T., & Brenner, D. A. (2013). Liver physiology and liver diseases in the elderly. World Journal of Gastroenterology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3870491/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3870491/
—Kwon, D., & Belsky, D. W. (2021). A toolkit for quantification of biological age from blood chemistry and organ function test data: BioAge. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602613/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8602613/
—Aging Biomarker Consortium, Jiang, M., Zheng, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Qu, J., et al. (2024). A biomarker framework for liver aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement. Life Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11749002/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11749002/
—Ruhl, C. E., & Everhart, J. E. (2013). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts all-cause, cardiovascular and liver mortality in older adults. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23997501/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23997501/
—Corti, M. C., Guralnik, J. M., Salive, M. E., & Sorkin, J. D. (1994). Serum albumin level and physical disability as predictors of mortality in older persons. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8089886/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8089886/
—Dong, M. H., Bettencourt, R., Barrett-Connor, E., Loomba, R. (2010). Alanine aminotransferase decreases with age: the Rancho Bernardo Study. PLoS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2999530/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2999530/
—Duong, M., Islam, S., Rangarajan, S., et al. (2019). Mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity in individuals with impaired FEV 1 (PURE): an international, community-based cohort study. The Lancet Global Health , 7(5), e613-e623. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31000131/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31000131/
—Vaz Fragoso, C. A., Beavers, D. P., Hankinson, J. L., et al. (2019). Relative and absolute lung function change in a general population aged 60-102 years. European Respiratory Journal , 53(3), 1701812. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30578401/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30578401/
—Janssens, J. P., Pache, J. C., & Nicod, L. P. (1999). Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. European Respiratory Journal , 13(1), 197-205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836348/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836348/
—Lange, P., Celli, B., Agustí, A., et al. (2015). Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine , 373(2), 111-122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26154786/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26154786/
—Quanjer, P. H., Stanojevic, S., Cole, T. J., et al. (2012). Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. European Respiratory Journal , 40(6), 1324-1343. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743675/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743675/
—Vaz Fragoso, C. A., & Gill, T. M. (2012). Respiratory impairment and the aging lung: a novel paradigm for assessing pulmonary function. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 67(3), 264-275. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22138206/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22138206/
—Graham, B. L., Steenbruggen, I., Miller, M. R., et al. (2019). Standardization of spirometry 2019 update: an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 200(8), e70-e88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613151/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613151/
—Janssens, G. E., et al. (2023). A metabolomic signature of decelerated physiological aging in human plasma . GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10643795/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10643795/
—Sebastiani, P., et al. (2024). Metabolite signatures of chronological age, aging, survival, and longevity . Cell Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11656345/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11656345/
—Wang, F., et al. (2023). Plasma metabolomic profiles associated with mortality and longevity in a prospective analysis of 13,512 individuals . Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41515-z——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41515-z
—Robinson, O., et al. (2020). Determinants of accelerated metabolomic and epigenetic aging in a UK cohort . Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7294785/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7294785/
—Gonzalez-Freire, M., et al. (2019). Targeted Metabolomics Shows Low Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 Predicts Greater Decline of Gait Speed in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging . The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6298185/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6298185/
—Panyard, D. J., Yu, B., & Snyder, M. P. (2022). The metabolomics of human aging: Advances, challenges, and opportunities . Science Advances . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581477/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9581477/
—Ahadi, S., et al. (2020). Personal aging markers and ageotypes revealed by deep longitudinal profiling . Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0719-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0719-5
—Chen, Q., et al. (2026). OMICmAge quantifies biological age by integrating multi-omics with electronic medical records . Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-026-01073-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-026-01073-7
—Rutledge, J., Oh, H. S., & Wyss-Coray, T. (2022). Measuring biological age using omics data . Nature Reviews Genetics . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-022-00511-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-022-00511-7
—Higgins-Chen, A. T., et al. (2022). A computational solution for bolstering reliability of epigenetic clocks: implications for clinical trials and longitudinal tracking. Nature Aging . https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00248-2——https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00248-2
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2020). Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm. eLife . https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.54870——https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.54870
—Lu, A. T., et al. (2019). DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101684——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101684
—Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biology . https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115——https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2022). DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. eLife . https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.73420——https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.73420
—Hartmann, A., Hartmann, C., Secci, R., et al. (2021). Ranking biomarkers of aging by citation profiling and effort scoring. Frontiers in Genetics , 12, 686320. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8176216/
—Johnson, A. A., Shokhirev, M. N., Wyss-Coray, T., & Lehallier, B. (2020). Systematic review and analysis of human proteomics aging studies unveils a novel proteomic aging clock and identifies key processes that change with age . Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311500/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311500/
—Kuo, C.-L., et al. (2024). Proteomic aging clock (PAC) predicts age-related outcomes in middle-aged and older adults . Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320350/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320350/
—Argentieri, M. A., et al. (2024). Proteomic aging clock predicts mortality and risk of common age-related diseases in diverse populations . Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03164-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03164-7
—Lehallier, B., et al. (2019). Undulating changes in human plasma proteome profiles across the lifespan . Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0673-2——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0673-2
—An, D. W., Hansen, T. W., Aparicio, L. S., Chori, B., Huang, Q. F., Wei, F. F., et al. (2023). Derivation of an outcome-driven threshold for aortic pulse wave velocity: an individual-participant meta-analysis. Hypertension . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10424824/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10424824/
—Vlachopoulos, C., Aznaouridis, K., & Stefanadis, C. (2010). Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20338492/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20338492/
—Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness' Collaboration. (2010). Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: establishing normal and reference values. European Heart Journal . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948201/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2948201/
—Ben-Shlomo, Y., Spears, M., Boustred, C., May, M., Anderson, S. G., Benjamin, E. J., et al. (2014). Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta-analysis of prospective observational data from 17,635 subjects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239664/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239664/
—Salvagno, G. L., et al. (2015). Red blood cell distribution width: a simple parameter with multiple clinical applications . Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25535770/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25535770/
—Pilling, L. C., et al. (2018). Red cell distribution width and common disease onsets in 240,477 healthy volunteers followed for up to 9 years . PLoS ONE . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212481/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212481/
—Kim, K. M., et al. (2021). Association between variation in red cell size and multiple aging-related outcomes . The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32894755/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32894755/
—Higgins, J. M., & Mahadevan, L. (2010). Physiological and pathological population dynamics of circulating human red blood cells . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823246/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823246/
—Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing , 48(1), 16-31. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6322506/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6322506/
—Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., et al. (2011). Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA , 305(1), 50-58. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3080184/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3080184/
—Miller, W. G., Horowitz, G. L., Ceriotti, F., Fleming, J. K., Greenberg, N., Katayev, A., et al. (2016). Reference intervals: strengths, weaknesses, and challenges. Clinical Chemistry , 62(7), 916-923. https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/62/7/916/5611870——https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/62/7/916/5611870
—Apsley, A. T., Etzel, L., Ye, Q., & Shalev, I. (2025). From population science to the clinic? Limits of epigenetic clocks as personal biomarkers. Epigenomics , 17(18), 1447-1461. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12714307/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12714307/
—Perri, G., Poganik, J. R., Levine, M. E., et al. (2025). An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of aging for use in intervention studies. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences , 80(5), glae297. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
—Horowitz, G. L. (2008). Reference intervals: practical aspects. eJIFCC , 19(2), 95-105. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975204/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975204/
—Gaye, B., Valentin, E., Xanthakis, V., et al. (2024). Association between change in heart rate over years and life span in the Paris Prospective 1, the Whitehall 1, and Framingham studies. Scientific Reports , 14, 20052. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39209972/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39209972/
—Vazir, A., Claggett, B., Cheng, S., et al. (2018). Association of resting heart rate and temporal changes in heart rate with outcomes in participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA Cardiology , 3(3), 200-206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365021/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365021/
—Zhang, D., Shen, X., & Qi, X. (2016). Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis. CMAJ , 188(3), E53-E63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598376/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598376/
—Fox, K., Borer, J. S., Camm, A. J., et al. (2007). Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 50(9), 823-830. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17719466/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17719466/
—Jensen, M. T., Marott, J. L., Allin, K. H., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Jensen, G. B. (2012). Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after adjusting for inflammatory markers: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , 19(1), 102-108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525123/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525123/
—He, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). Association between resting heart rate and machine learning-based brain age in middle- and older-age. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , 100(3), 997-1007. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39044526/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39044526/
—O'Neil, A., et al. (2025). Factors Associated With Retinal Vessel Traits in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11895846/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11895846/
—Nusinovici, S., et al. (2022). Retinal photograph-based deep learning predicts biological age, and stratifies morbidity and mortality risk . Age and Ageing . https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac065——https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac065
—Patel, N. B., et al. (2014). Age-Associated Changes in the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Nerve Head . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4137486/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4137486/
—Poplin, R., et al. (2018). Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors from retinal fundus photographs via deep learning . Nature Biomedical Engineering . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-018-0195-0——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-018-0195-0
—Zhu, Z., et al. (2023). Retinal age gap as a predictive biomarker for mortality risk . British Journal of Ophthalmology . https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/4/547——https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/4/547
—Zhu, Z., et al. (2022). Retinal age gap as a predictive biomarker of stroke risk . BMC Medicine . https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02620-w——https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02620-w
—Aubert, G., & Lansdorp, P. M. (2008). Telomeres and aging . Physiological Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18391173/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18391173/
—Lopez-Otin, C., et al. (2013). The Hallmarks of Aging . Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
—Fleischer, J. G., et al. (2018). Predicting age from the transcriptome of human dermal fibroblasts . Genome Biology . https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-018-1599-6——https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-018-1599-6
—Peters, M. J., et al. (2015). The transcriptional landscape of age in human peripheral blood . Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9570——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9570
—Ren, X., & Kuan, P. F. (2020). RNAAgeCalc: A multi-tissue transcriptional age calculator . PLOS ONE . https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237006——https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237006
—Meyer, D. H., & Schumacher, B. (2021). BiT age: A transcriptome-based aging clock near the theoretical limit of accuracy . Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7963339/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7963339/
—Palmer, D., et al. (2022). Measuring biological age using a functionally interpretable multi-tissue RNA clock . Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10186600/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10186600/
—Expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences (2025). https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/80/5/glae297/7930267
—Baker, G. T., & Sprott, R. L. (1988). Biomarkers of aging. Experimental Gerontology , 23(4-5), 223-239. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3058488/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3058488/
—Singh, R., et al. (2001). Advanced glycation end-products: A review . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11241802/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11241802/
—Semba, R. D., et al. (2010). Advanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors predict cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling women . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176874/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176874/
—Semba, R. D., et al. (2010). Advanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors and level of kidney function in older community-dwelling women . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20019188/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20019188/
—Juster, R. P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. (2010). Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19822172/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19822172/
—McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9634234/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9634234/
—Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2012). mTOR signaling in growth control and disease . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017
—Lopez-Otin, C., et al. (2013). The Hallmarks of Aging . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
—Hardie, D. G. (2011). AMP-activated protein kinase: an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function . https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.17420111——https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.17420111
—Campisi, J. (2013). Aging, cellular senescence, and cancer . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140366/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140366/
—Klionsky, D.J., et al. (2022). Autophagy: A Key Regulator of Homeostasis and Disease . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9329718/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9329718/
—Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Austad, S. N. (2000). Why do we age? https://doi.org/10.1038/35041682——https://doi.org/10.1038/35041682
—Kennedy, B. K., et al. (2014). Geroscience: Linking Aging to Chronic Disease . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039
—Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2005). Understanding the Odd Science of Aging . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.027——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.027
—Rollandi, G. A., et al. (2019). Biological age versus chronological age in the prevention of age-related diseases . https://www.lidsen.com/journals/geriatrics/geriatrics-03-02-051——https://www.lidsen.com/journals/geriatrics/geriatrics-03-02-051
—Hamczyk, M. R., et al. (2020). Biological Versus Chronological Aging: JACC Focus Seminar . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32130928/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32130928/
—Ferrucci, L., Levine, M. E., Kuo, P. L., & Simonsick, E. M. (2018). Time and the metrics of aging. Circulation Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6380373/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6380373/
—Cohen, A. A., Kennedy, B. K., Anglas, U., et al. (2020). Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7564088/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7564088/
—Fraser, C. G. (2001). Biological variation: From principles to practice. AACC Press . https://www.aacc.org/science-and-research/scientific-shorts/2018/biological-variation——https://www.aacc.org/science-and-research/scientific-shorts/2018/biological-variation
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2018). A framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials: Report from the TAME Biomarkers Workgroup . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30151729/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30151729/
—Baker, G. T., & Sprott, R. L. (1988). Biomarkers of aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3058488/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3058488/
—Moqri, M., et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions . https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00857-7——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00857-7
—Bao, H., et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115486/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115486/
—Ocampo, A., et al. (2016). In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogramming . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27984723/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27984723/
—Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). Inflammaging: A new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
—Muñoz-Espín, D., & Serrano, M. (2014). Cellular senescence: From physiology to pathology . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3823——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3823
—Childs, B. G., et al. (2015). Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: From mechanisms to therapy . https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4000——https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4000
—López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging . https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(13)00645-4——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(13)00645-4
—Serrano, M., et al. (1997). Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a . https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(00)81890-4——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(00)81890-4
—d’Adda di Fagagna, F. (2008). Living on a break: Cellular senescence as a DNA-damage response . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrc2440——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrc2440
—Demaria, M., et al. (2014). An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580714007690——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580714007690
—Coppé, J. P., et al. (2010). The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: The dark side of tumor suppression . https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102144——https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102144
—Sen, P., Shah, P. P., Nativio, R., & Berger, S. L. (2016). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Longevity and Aging . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.050——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.050
—Allis, C. D., & Jenuwein, T. (2016). The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control . https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.59——https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.59
—Pal, S., & Tyler, J. K. (2016). Epigenetics and aging . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600584——https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600584
—Baars, J. (2013). Aging and Time . http://www.janbaars.nl/wp-content/uploads/Aging-and-Time-Chapter-01-Jan-Baars.pdf——http://www.janbaars.nl/wp-content/uploads/Aging-and-Time-Chapter-01-Jan-Baars.pdf
—Witzel, D. D., et al. (2025). Age and inflammation: Insights on "age three ways" from population cohorts . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159125001035——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159125001035
—Moqri, M., Herzog, C., Poganik, J. R., et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003
—Jaiswal, S. (2020). Clonal hematopoiesis and nonhematologic disorders . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8209629/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8209629/
—Jan, M., Ebert, B. L., and Jaiswal, S. (2017). Clonal hematopoiesis . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8045769/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8045769/
—Steensma, D. P., et al. (2015). Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4624443/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4624443/
—Freemantle, N., Calvert, M., Wood, J., Eastaugh, J., & Griffin, C. (2003). Composite outcomes in randomized trials: greater precision but with greater uncertainty? https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2554——https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2554
—Jones, P. A. (2012). Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and beyond . https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3230——https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3230
—Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types . https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115——https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414
—Horvath, S., & Raj, K. (2018). DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3
—Zhou, H., Razjouyan, J., Halder, K., et al. (2021). Digital biomarkers of cognitive frailty: the value of detailed sensor-based gait assessment . https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111542——https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111542
—Alonso, A. K. M., et al. (2024). Definitions of digital biomarkers: a systematic mapping of the biomedical literature . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0
—López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746838/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746838/
—Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (2009). DNA damage, aging, and cancer . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19418601/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19418601/
—O'Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. B. (2015). Gut microbiota and aging . https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac8469——https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac8469
—Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., & Weaver, V. M. (2010). The extracellular matrix at a glance . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123617/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123617/
—Verzijl, N., et al. (2000). Effect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11076999/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11076999/
—Semba, R. D., Nicklett, E. J., & Ferrucci, L. (2010). Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20419234/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20419234/
—Lu, A. T., et al. (2022). PhenoAge and GrimAge clock associations with mortality and age-related diseases in 11 cohorts . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34851-3——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34851-3
—Lu, A. T., et al. (2019). DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101800——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101800
—Sen, P., Shah, P. P., Nativio, R., & Berger, S. L. (2016). Epigenetic Mechanisms of Longevity and Aging . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.050——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.050
—Levine, M. E. (2020). Assessment of epigenetic clocks as biomarkers of aging in basic and population research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7328198/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7328198/
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29676998/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29676998/
—Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24138928/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24138928/
—Bell, C. G., et al. (2019). DNA methylation aging clocks: Challenges and recommendations . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6876109/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6876109/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2022). DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35029144/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35029144/
—Hannum, G., et al. (2013). Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23177740/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23177740/
—Teschendorff, A. E., et al. (2013). Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer . https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r108——https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r108
—Bird, A. (2007). Perceptions of epigenetics . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05913——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05913
—Lopez-Otin, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
—Birch, H. L. (2018). Extracellular matrix and ageing . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452643/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452643/
—Clegg, A., et al. (2013). Frailty in elderly people . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23395245/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23395245/
—Rockwood, K., et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129869/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129869/
—Searle, S. D., Mitnitski, A., Gahbauer, E. A., Gill, T. M., & Rockwood, K. (2008). A standard procedure for creating a frailty index . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-8-24——https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-8-24
—Mitnitski, A. B., Mogilner, A. J., & Rockwood, K. (2001). Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging . https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.133801——https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.133801
—Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9
—Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., et al. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype . https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
—Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2005). Understanding the odd science of aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784673/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784673/
—Bohannon, R. W. (2008). Hand-grip dynamometry predicts future outcomes in aging adults . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18790810/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18790810/
—Rasmussen University. What is gerontology? https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/what-is-gerontology/——https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/what-is-gerontology/
—ScienceDirect Topics. Gerontology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/gerontology——https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/gerontology
—Moskalev, A., Chernyagina, E., Kudryavtseva, A., & Shaposhnikov, M. (2017). Geroprotectors: A unified concept and screening approaches. Aging and Disease . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440114/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440114/
—Trendelenburg, A. U., Scheuren, A. C., Potter, P., Müller, R., & Bellantuono, I. (2019). Geroprotectors: A role in the treatment of frailty. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637419300363——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637419300363
—Moskalev, A., Chernyagina, E., de Magalhães, J. P., & Zhavoronkov, A. (2015). Geroprotectors.org: A new, structured and curated database of current therapeutic interventions in aging and age-related disease. Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600621/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600621/
—Ferrucci, L., et al. (2024). Geroscience hypothesis and multimorbidity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/79/9/glae179/7744984——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/79/9/glae179/7744984
—National Institute on Aging. The intersection of basic aging biology, chronic disease, and health (GeroScience Interest Group). https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/geroscience-intersection-basic-aging-biology-chronic-disease-and-health——https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/geroscience-intersection-basic-aging-biology-chronic-disease-and-health
—Rolland, Y., et al. (2023). Challenges in developing geroscience trials. Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39786-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39786-7
—Mandelblatt, J. S., et al. (2024). Gerotherapeutics: aging mechanism-based pharmaceutical discovery and development. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11884862/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11884862/
—Newman, J. C., et al. (2024). Role of the National Institute on Aging in transforming geroscience research. Innovation in Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12314534/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12314534/
—Singh, R., et al. (2001). Advanced glycation end-products: A review . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11270668/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11270668/
—Hillary, R. F., Stevenson, A. J., McCartney, D. L., Campbell, A., Walker, R. M., Howard, D. M., Ritchie, C. W., Horvath, S., Hayward, C., McIntosh, A. M., Evans, K. L., Deary, I. J., & Marioni, R. E. (2021). An epigenetic predictor of death captures multi-modal measures of brain health . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0616-9——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0616-9
—Lu, A. T., Quach, A., Wilson, J. G., Reiner, A. P., Aviv, A., Raj, K., Hou, L., Baccarelli, A. A., Li, Y., Stewart, J. D., Whitsel, E. A., Assimes, T. L., Ferrucci, L., & Horvath, S. (2019). DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101684——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101684
—Lu, A. T., Binder, A. M., Zhang, J., Yan, Q., Reiner, A. P., Cox, S. R., Corley, J., Harris, S. E., Kuo, P. L., Moore, A. Z., Bandinelli, S., Stewart, J. D., Hou, L., Baccarelli, A. A., Whitsel, E. A., Assimes, T. L., Chen, B. H., Ferrucci, L., & Horvath, S. (2022). DNA methylation GrimAge version 2 . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204434——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204434
—Campisi, J., & d'Adda di Fagagna, F. (2007). Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells . https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2233——https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2233
—Hayflick, L. (1965). The Limited in Vitro Lifetime of Human Diploid Cell Strains . https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(65)90211-9——https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(65)90211-9
—Shreffler, J., & Huecker, M. R. (2023). Survival Analysis. StatPearls . NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560604/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560604/
—Sashegyi, A., & Ferry, D. (2017). On the interpretation of the hazard ratio and communication of survival benefit. The Oncologist . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5388384/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5388384/
—Hernán, M. A. (2010). The hazards of hazard ratios. Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3653612/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3653612/
—Kaeberlein, M. (2018). How healthy is the healthspan concept? GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6136295/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6136295/
—Fries, J. F. (2016). The theory and practice of active aging. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4968910/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4968910/
—Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1987). Human aging: usual and successful. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3299702/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3299702/
—Promislow, D. (2022). Resilience integrates concepts in aging research. iScience , 25(5), 104199. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9044173/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9044173/
—Billman, G. E. (2020). Homeostasis: The underappreciated and far too often ignored central organizing principle of physiology. Frontiers in Physiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7076167/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7076167/
—OpenStax. Homeostasis. https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-5-homeostasis——https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-5-homeostasis
—Ukraintseva, S., Yashin, A. I., Arbeev, K. G., et al. (2021). Decline in biological resilience as key manifestation of aging. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637420302141——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637420302141
—Promislow, D., Anderson, R. M., Scheffer, M., et al. (2022). Resilience integrates concepts in aging research. iScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9044173/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9044173/
—Whitson, H. E., Duan-Porter, W., Schmader, K. E., et al. (2016). Physical resilience in older adults: systematic review and development of an emerging construct. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/71/4/489/2605404——https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/71/4/489/2605404
—Fulop, T., et al. (2018). Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes? . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5767595/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5767595/
—Aw, D., Silva, A. B., & Palmer, D. B. (2007). Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2265901/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2265901/
—Franceschi, C., et al. (2000). Inflamm-aging: An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10911963/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10911963/
—Franceschi, C., et al. (2017). Inflammaging and human longevity in the omics era . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28038993/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28038993/
—Franceschi, C., et al. (2018). Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4
—Alberts, B., et al. (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21054/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21054/
—Campisi, J. (2013). Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653——https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653
—World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health . https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042——https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042
—World Health Organization. (2017). Integrated care for older people: guidelines on community-level interventions to manage declines in intrinsic capacity . https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550109——https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550109
—World Health Organization. (2020). Decade of healthy ageing: baseline report . https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017900——https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017900
—Baylor OpenBooks. Lifespan, life expectancy, and healthy aging. https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/lifespanhumandevelopment/chapter/22-1-lifespan-life-expectancy-healthy-aging/——https://openbooks.library.baylor.edu/lifespanhumandevelopment/chapter/22-1-lifespan-life-expectancy-healthy-aging/
—ScienceDirect Topics. Lifespan. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lifespan——https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lifespan
—Murray, P. J., & Wynn, T. A. (2011). Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets . https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3073——https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3073
—Xue, J., Schmidt, S. V., Sander, J., et al. (2014). Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Reveals a Spectrum Model of Human Macrophage Activation . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.006——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.006
—Wynn, T. A., & Vannella, K. M. (2016). Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015
—Galkin, F., Mamoshina, P., Aliper, A., et al. (2020). Human gut microbiome aging clock based on taxonomic profiling and deep learning. iScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7037303/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7037303/
—O'Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. B. (2015). Gut microbiota and aging. Science . https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aac8469——https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aac8469
—Bratic, A., & Larsson, N. G. (2013). The role of mitochondria in aging . https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI64125——https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI64125
—Youle, R. J., & Narendra, D. P. (2011). Mechanisms of mitophagy . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21779032/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21779032/
—Sun, N., Youle, R. J., & Finkel, T. (2016). The mitochondrial basis of aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27108561/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27108561/
—Fries, J. F. (2011). Compression of morbidity 1980-2011. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3163136/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3163136/
—Barnett, K., et al. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579043/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579043/
—Hessler, R. M., et al. (2003). The compression of morbidity debate. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167494303000487——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167494303000487
—Blaum, C. (American Geriatrics Society). Morbidity, comorbidity, and multimorbidity. https://www.americangeriatrics.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/caroline_blaum.pdf——https://www.americangeriatrics.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/caroline_blaum.pdf
—Mannick, J. B., et al. (2023). Targeting the biology of aging with mTOR inhibitors . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10330278/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10330278/
—Kennedy, B. K., & Lamming, D. W. (2016). The mechanistic target of rapamycin: The grand conducTOR of metabolism and aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4910876/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4910876/
—López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
—Lamming, D. W. (2016). Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-rapamycin and beyond . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4852795/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4852795/
—Barnett, K., et al. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579043/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22579043/
—World Health Organization. (2016). Multimorbidity: Technical Series on Safer Primary Care . https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/252275——https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/252275
—Sies, H., Berndt, C., & Jones, D. P. (2017). Oxidative stress . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441057/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441057/
—Baker, D. J., Wijshake, T., Tchkonia, T., et al. (2011). Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10600——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10600
—Childs, B. G., Durik, M., Baker, D. J., & van Deursen, J. M. (2015). Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy . https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4000——https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4000
—Katsimpardi, L., et al. (2014). Vascular and neurogenic rejuvenation of the aging mouse brain by young systemic factors. Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123747/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4123747/
—Baht, G. S., et al. (2015). Exposure to a youthful circulation rejuvenates bone repair through modulation of beta-catenin. Nature Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4479006/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4479006/
—Villeda, S. A., et al. (2014). Young blood reverses age-related impairments in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in mice. Nature Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4224436/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4224436/
—Conboy, I. M., et al. (2005). Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/
—Mehdipour, M., et al. (2020). Rejuvenation of three germ layers tissues by exchanging old blood plasma with saline-albumin. Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7288913/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7288913/
—Yousefzadeh, M. J., Robbins, P. D., & Huffman, D. M. (2022). Heterochronic parabiosis: a valuable tool to investigate cellular senescence and other hallmarks of aging. Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9037264/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9037264/
—Rebo, J., et al. (2016). A single heterochronic blood exchange reveals rapid inhibition of multiple tissues by old blood. Nature Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5121415/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5121415/
—Conboy, M. J., Conboy, I. M., & Rando, T. A. (2013). Heterochronic parabiosis: historical perspective and methodological considerations for studies of aging and longevity. Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4072458/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4072458/
—Levine, M. E., Lu, A. T., Quach, A., Chen, B. H., Assimes, T. L., Bandinelli, S., Hou, L., Baccarelli, A. A., Stewart, J. D., Li, Y., Whitsel, E. A., Wilson, J. G., Reiner, A. P., Aviv, A., Lohman, K., Liu, Y., Ferrucci, L., & Horvath, S. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414——https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101414
—Liu, Z., Kuo, P. L., Horvath, S., Crimmins, E., Ferrucci, L., & Levine, M. (2018). A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002718——https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002718
—Hershko, A., & Ciechanover, A. (1998). The ubiquitin system . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.425——https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.425
—Labbadia, J., & Morimoto, R. I. (2015). The biology of proteostasis in aging and disease . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710535/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710535/
—Li, J., & Clevers, H. (2010). Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519528/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20519528/
—Cheung, T. H., & Rando, T. A. (2013). Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962845/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962845/
—Finkel, T. (2011). Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21746850/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21746850/
—d'Adda di Fagagna, F., et al. (2003). A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02118——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02118
—Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. et al. "Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis (EWGSOP2)." Age and Ageing (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6322506/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6322506/
—Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. et al. "Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis." Age and Ageing (2010). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886201/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886201/
—Childs, B. G., et al. (2015). Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: From mechanisms to therapy . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25936745/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25936745/
—Gorgoulis, V., et al. (2019). Cellular senescence: Defining a path forward . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31577934/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31577934/
—van Deursen, J. M. (2014). The role of senescent cells in ageing . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13193——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13193
—Childs, B. G., Durik, M., Baker, D. J., & van Deursen, J. M. (2015). Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: From mechanisms to therapy. Nature Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4748967/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4748967/
—Gorgoulis, V., Adams, P. D., Alimonti, A., et al. (2019). Cellular senescence: Defining a path forward. Cell . https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)31304-2——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)31304-2
—Campisi, J., & d'Adda di Fagagna, F. (2007). Cellular senescence: When bad things happen to good cells. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2233——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2233
—Krizhanovsky, V., Yon, M., Dickins, R. A., et al. (2008). Senescence of Activated Stellate Cells Limits Liver Fibrosis . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.049——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.049
—Prata, L. G. P. L., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L. (2018). Senescent cell clearance by the immune system: Emerging therapeutic opportunities . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.003——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.003
—Ovadya, Y., & Krizhanovsky, V. (2014). Senescent cells: SASPected drivers of age-related pathologies . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.016——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.016
—Munoz-Espin, D., & Serrano, M. (2014). Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology . https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3823——https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3823
—Xue, W., Zender, L., Miething, C., et al. (2007). Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05529——https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05529
—Demaria, M., Ohtani, N., Youssef, S. A., Rodier, F., Toussaint, W., Mitchell, J. R., Laberge, R.-M., Vijg, J., Van Steeg, H., Dollé, M. E., Hoeijmakers, J. H. J., de Bruin, A., Hara, E., & Campisi, J. (2014). An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580714007690——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580714007690
—López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013). The hallmarks of aging . https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(13)00645-4——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(13)00645-4
—Calcinotto, A., Kohli, J., Zagato, E., Pellegrini, L., Demaria, M., & Alimonti, A. (2019). Cellular senescence: Aging, cancer, and injury . https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00020.2018——https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00020.2018
—Haigis, M. C., & Sinclair, D. A. (2010). Mammalian sirtuins: biological insights and disease relevance . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092250——https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092250
—Imai, S., & Guarente, L. (2014). NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.002——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.002
—Goodell, M. A., & Rando, T. A. (2015). Stem cells and healthy aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710536/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710536/
—Brunet, A., & Rando, T. A. (2017). Interaction between epigenetic and metabolism in aging stem cells . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28388419/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28388419/
—U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Surrogate Endpoint Resources for Drug and Biologic Development . https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/surrogate-endpoint-resources-drug-and-biologic-development——https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/surrogate-endpoint-resources-drug-and-biologic-development
—Palm, W., & de Lange, T. (2008). How Shelterin Protects Mammalian Telomeres . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130350——https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130350
—Kodama, S., et al. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/
—Ross, R., et al. (2016). Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881567/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881567/
—Poole, D. C., & Jones, A. M. (2017). Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake VO2max: VO2peak is no longer acceptable . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28153947/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28153947/
—Guralnik, J. M., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology , 49(2), M85-M94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/
—Gill, T. M. (2010). Assessment of function and disability in longitudinal studies. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 58 Suppl 2, S308-S312. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029059/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029059/
—Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist , 9(3), 179-186. https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/9/3_Part_1/179/552696——https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/9/3_Part_1/179/552696
—Katz, S., et al. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA , 185(12), 914-919. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/666768——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/666768
—Rogers, W. A., Ramadhani, W. A., & Harris, M. T. (2020). Defining aging in place: the intersectionality of space, person, and time. Innovation in Aging , 4(4), igaa036. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7595274/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7595274/
—Wahl, H.-W., Iwarsson, S., & Oswald, F. (2012). Aging well and the environment: toward an integrative model and research agenda for the future. The Gerontologist , 52(3), 306-316. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr154——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr154
—Wiles, J. L., Leibing, A., Guberman, N., Reeve, J., & Allen, R. E. S. (2012). The meaning of “aging in place” to older people. The Gerontologist , 52(3), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr098——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr098
—Oswald, F., Wahl, H.-W., Schilling, O., et al. (2007). Relationships between housing and healthy aging in very old age. The Gerontologist , 47(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.1.96——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.1.96
—Gitlin, L. N., Winter, L., Dennis, M. P., Corcoran, M., Schinfeld, S., & Hauck, W. W. (2006). A randomized trial of a multicomponent home intervention to reduce functional difficulties in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 54(5), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00703.x——https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00703.x
—Stineman, M. G., Xie, D., Streim, J. E., et al. (2012). Home accessibility, living circumstances, stage of activity limitation, and nursing home use. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 93(9), 1609-1616. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3461316/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3461316/
—Stark, S., Keglovits, M., Somerville, E., et al. (2021). Home hazard removal to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open , 4(8), e2122044. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408671/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408671/
—Werngren-Elgström, M., Carlsson, G., & Iwarsson, S. (2008). Changes in person-environmental fit and ADL dependence among older Swedish adults: a 10-year follow-up. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research , 20(5), 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325154——https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325154
—Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist , 9(3 Part 1), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
—Penninx, B. W. J. H., Guralnik, J. M., Onder, G., et al. (2003). Anemia and decline in physical performance among older persons. The American Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12893395/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12893395/
—Guralnik, J., Ershler, W. B., Artz, A. S., et al. (2022). Unexplained anemia of aging: etiology, health consequences, and diagnostic criteria. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34796957/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34796957/
—Thein, M., Ershler, W. B., Artz, A. S., et al. (2009). Diminished quality of life and physical function in community-dwelling elderly with anemia. Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2893336/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2893336/
—Guralnik, J. M., Eisenstaedt, R. S., Ferrucci, L., Klein, H. G., & Woodman, R. C. (2004). Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15238427/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15238427/
—Palmer, K., Vetrano, D. L., Marengoni, A., et al. (2018). The relationship between anaemia and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30272101/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30272101/
—Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I. (2018). Anemia at older age: etiologies, clinical implications, and management. Blood . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141943/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141943/
—Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pahor, M., Cesari, M., et al. (2004). Anemia is associated with disability and decreased physical performance and muscle strength in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15086651/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15086651/
—Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Bandinelli, S., et al. (2007). Unexplained anaemia in older persons is characterised by low erythropoietin and low levels of pro-inflammatory markers. British Journal of Haematology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2669300/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2669300/
—Radakovic, R., & Abrahams, S. (2014). Developing a new apathy measurement scale: Dimensional Apathy Scale. Psychiatry Research , 219(3), 658-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.010——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.010
—Starkstein, S. E., Jorge, R., Mizrahi, R., & Robinson, R. G. (2006). A prospective longitudinal study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry , 77(1), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.069575——https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.069575
—Henstra, M. J., Rhebergen, D., Stek, M. L., et al. (2019). The association between apathy, decline in physical performance, and falls in older persons. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research , 31(10), 1491-1499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1096-5——https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1096-5
—Robert, P. H., Clairet, S., Benoit, M., et al. (2002). The Apathy Inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 17(12), 1099-1105. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.755——https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.755
—Lanctôt, K. L., Ismail, Z., Bawa, K. K., Cummings, J. L., Husain, M., Mortby, M. E., & Robert, P. (2023). Distinguishing apathy from depression: a review differentiating the behavioral, neuroanatomic, and treatment-related aspects of apathy from depression in neurocognitive disorders. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 38(2), e5882. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5882——https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5882
—Wilson, S. A., et al. (2022). A systematic review of smartphone and tablet use by older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Innovation in Aging , 6(2), igac002. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8889997/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8889997/
—Howard, R., et al. (2021). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of assistive technology and telecare for independent living in dementia: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing , 50(3), 882-890. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8099012/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8099012/
—Bateni, H., & Maki, B. E. (2005). Assistive devices for balance and mobility: benefits, demands, and adverse consequences. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 86(1), 134-145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15641004/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15641004/
—Fotteler, M. L., et al. (2022). The effectiveness of assistive technologies for older adults and the influence of frailty: systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials. JMIR Aging , 5(2), e31916. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9016506/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9016506/
—Salminen, A. L., et al. (2009). Mobility devices to promote activity and participation: a systematic review. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 41(9), 697-706. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774301/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19774301/
—Gell, N. M., et al. (2015). Mobility device use in older adults and incidence of falls and worry about falling: findings from the 2011-2012 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 63(5), 853-859. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4439269/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4439269/
—Agree, E. M., & Freedman, V. A. (2003). A comparison of assistive technology and personal care in alleviating disability and unmet need. The Gerontologist , 43(3), 335-344. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12810897/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12810897/
—Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas , 75(1), 51-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523272/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523272/
—Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function. Journal of Gerontology , 49(2), M85-M94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/
—Horak, F. B. (2006). Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age and Ageing , 35 Suppl 2, ii7-ii11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926210/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926210/
—Tinetti, M. E. (1986). Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 34(2), 119-126. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3944402/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3944402/
—Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., & Fahey, T. (2014). Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults? BMC Geriatrics , 14, 14. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3924230/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3924230/
—Rubenstein, L. Z. (2006). Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age and Ageing , 35 Suppl 2, ii37-ii41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926202/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926202/
—Moreland, J. D., Richardson, J. A., Goldsmith, C. H., & Clase, C. M. (2004). Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 52(7), 1121-1129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15209650/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15209650/
—Deandrea, S., Lucenteforte, E., Bravi, F., Foschi, R., La Vecchia, C., & Negri, E. (2010). Risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology , 21(5), 658-668. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20585256/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20585256/
—Tang, V. L., et al. (2017). Rates of recovery to pre-fracture function in older persons with hip fracture: an observational study. Journal of General Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27605004/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27605004/
—Edwards, M. H., et al. (2013). Clinical risk factors, bone density and fall history in the prediction of incident fracture among men and women. Bone . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159464/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159464/
—Balasubramanian, A., et al. (2019). Risk of subsequent fracture after prior fracture among older women. Osteoporosis International . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30456571/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30456571/
—Farr, J. N., et al. (2017). Targeting cellular senescence prevents age-related bone loss in mice. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28825716/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28825716/
—Seeman, E., & Delmas, P. D. (2006). Bone quality—the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16723616/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16723616/
—Compston, J. E., McClung, M. R., & Leslie, W. D. (2019). Osteoporosis. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696576/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696576/
—Strait, J. B., & Lakatta, E. G. (2012). Heart Failure Clinics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3223374/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3223374/
—Lakatta, E. G. (2002). Heart Failure Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11790921/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11790921/
—Singam, N. S. V., Fine, C., & Fleg, J. L. (2020). Clinical Cardiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7021646/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7021646/
—Donato, A. J., Machin, D. R., & Lesniewski, L. A. (2018). Circulation Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207260/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207260/
—Cheng, S., Fernandes, V. R. S., Bluemke, D. A., et al. (2009). Circulation . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744970/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744970/
—Roh, J., Rhee, J., Chaudhari, V., & Rosenzweig, A. (2016). Circulation Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4914047/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4914047/
—Ankuda, C. K., Levine, D. A., Langa, K. M., Ornstein, K. A., & Kelley, A. S. (2020). Caregiving, recovery and death after incident ADL/IADL disability among older adults in the United States. Journal of Applied Gerontology , 39(4), 393-397. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7105395/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7105395/
—Gill, T. M. (2010). Assessment of function and disability in longitudinal studies. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 58(S2), S308-S312. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2992435/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2992435/
—Hardy, S. E., Dubin, J. A., Holford, T. R., & Gill, T. M. (2005). Transitions between states of disability and independence among older persons. American Journal of Epidemiology , 161(6), 575-584. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15746474/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15746474/
—Gaugler, J. E., Yu, F., Krichbaum, K., & Wyman, J. F. (2009). Predictors of nursing home admission for persons with dementia. Medical Care , 47(2), 191-198. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169120/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169120/
—Gill, T. M., Robison, J. T., & Tinetti, M. E. (1997). Predictors of recovery in activities of daily living among disabled older persons living in the community. Journal of General Internal Medicine , 12(12), 757-762. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1497202/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1497202/
—Gaugler, J. E., Duval, S., Anderson, K. A., & Kane, R. L. (2007). Predicting nursing home admission in the U.S.: a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics , 7, 13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17578574/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17578574/
—Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: the Index of ADL. JAMA , 185, 914-919. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14044222/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14044222/
—Ho, L., Pugh, C., Seth, S., et al. (2024). Predicting short- to medium-term care home admission risk in older adults: a systematic review of externally validated models. Age and Ageing , 53(5), afae088. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38727580/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38727580/
—Muñoz-Bermejo, L., et al. (2021). Test-retest reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology , 10(6), 510. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8228261/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8228261/
—Bohannon, R. W. (2006). Reference values for the five-repetition sit-to-stand test: a descriptive meta-analysis of data from elders. Perceptual and Motor Skills , 103(1), 215-222. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17037663/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17037663/
—Cooper, R., Strand, B. H., Hardy, R., Patel, K. V., & Kuh, D. (2014). Physical capability in mid-life and survival over 13 years of follow-up: British birth cohort study. BMJ , 348, g2219. https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2219——https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2219
—Janssen, W. G. M., Bussmann, H. B. J., & Stam, H. J. (2002). Determinants of the sit-to-stand movement: a review. Physical Therapy , 82(9), 866-879. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12201801/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12201801/
—Mehmet, H., Yang, A. W. H., & Robinson, S. R. (2020). What is the optimal chair stand test protocol for older adults? A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation , 42(20), 2828-2835. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907166/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907166/
—Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology , 49(2), M85-M94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/
—Hörlin, E., Munir Ehrlington, S., Henricson, J., Toll John, R., & Wilhelms, D. (2022). Inter-rater reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale by staff members in a Swedish emergency department setting. Academic Emergency Medicine , 29(12), 1431-1437. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10092290/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10092290/
—Pugh, R. J., Ellison, A., Pye, K., et al. (2019). Reliability of frailty assessment in the critically ill: a multicentre prospective observational study. Anaesthesia , 74(6), 758-764. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30793278/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30793278/
—Lee, J. H., Park, Y. S., Kim, M. J., et al. (2022). Clinical Frailty Scale as a predictor of short-term mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on diagnostic test accuracy. Academic Emergency Medicine , 29(11), 1347-1356. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349205/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349205/
—Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ , 173(5), 489-495. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1188185/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1188185/
—Cesari, M., Gambassi, G., van Kan, G. A., & Vellas, B. (2014). The frailty phenotype and the frailty index: different instruments for different purposes. Age and Ageing , 43(1), 10-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132852/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132852/
—Church, S., Rogers, E., Rockwood, K., & Theou, O. (2020). A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale. BMC Geriatrics , 20, 393. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01801-7——https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01801-7
—Stern, Y. (2012). Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3507991/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3507991/
—Raz, N., & Rodrigue, K. M. (2006). Differential aging of the brain: patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16919333/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16919333/
—Perneczky, R., Pohl, C., Sorg, C., et al. (2006). Complex activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment: conceptual and diagnostic issues . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513677/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513677/
—Kelaiditi, E., et al. (2013). Cognitive frailty: rational and definition from an I.A.N.A./I.A.G.G. international consensus group. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154642/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154642/
—Sargent, L., et al. (2018). Shared biological pathways for frailty and cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6376483/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6376483/
—Ruan, Q., et al. (2015). Cognitive frailty, a novel target for the prevention of elderly dependency. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25555677/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25555677/
—Halil, M., et al. (2015). Cognitive aspects of frailty: mechanisms behind the link between frailty and cognitive impairment. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25732212/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25732212/
—Feng, L., et al. (2017). Cognitive frailty and adverse health outcomes: findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27838339/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27838339/
—Tsutsumimoto, K., et al. (2020). Cognitive frailty as a risk factor for incident disability during late life: a 24-month follow-up longitudinal study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346687/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346687/
—Tang, K. F., et al. (2023). Cognitive frailty and functional disability among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Innovation in Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9999676/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9999676/
—Bu, Z., et al. (2021). Cognitive frailty as a predictor of adverse outcomes among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain and Behavior . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7821586/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7821586/
—Sargent, L. and Brown, R. (2017). Assessing the current state of cognitive frailty: measurement properties. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12879857/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12879857/
—Zhang, T., et al. (2022). Prevalence and associated risk factors of cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8832102/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8832102/
—Rantakokko, M., et al. (2016). Mobility modification alleviates environmental influence on incident mobility difficulty among community-dwelling older people: a two-year follow-up study. PLoS ONE , 11(4), e0154396. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841513/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841513/
—Brown, C. J., et al. (2009). Trajectories of life-space mobility after hospitalization. Annals of Internal Medicine , 150(6), 372-378. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2802817/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2802817/
—World Health Organization. (2015). World Report on Ageing and Health . https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042——https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042
—Crowe, M., et al. (2008). Life-space and cognitive decline in a community-based sample of African American and Caucasian older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 63(11), 1241-1245. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.11.1241——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.11.1241
—Baker, P. S., Bodner, E. V., & Allman, R. M. (2003). Measuring life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51(11), 1610-1614. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14687391/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14687391/
—Portegijs, E., Rantakokko, M., Mikkola, T. M., Viljanen, A., & Rantanen, T. (2014). Association between physical performance and sense of autonomy in outdoor activities and life-space mobility in community-dwelling older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 62(4), 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12763——https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12763
—Mackey, D. C., et al. (2014). Life-space mobility and mortality in older men: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 62(7), 1288-1296. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4251711/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4251711/
—Viljanen, A., Mikkola, T. M., Rantakokko, M., Portegijs, E., & Rantanen, T. (2016). The association between transportation and life-space mobility in community-dwelling older people with or without walking difficulties. Journal of Aging and Health , 28(6), 1038-1054. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26613926/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26613926/
—Geyer, S., & Eberhard, S. "Compression and expansion of morbidity—secular trends among cohorts of the same age." Deutsches Ärzteblatt International (2022), 119, 810-815. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9906028/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9906028/
—Crimmins, E. M., & Beltrán-Sánchez, H. "Mortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?" Journals of Gerontology Series B (2011), 66B(1), 75-86. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3001754/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3001754/
—Fries, J. F. "Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity." New England Journal of Medicine (1980), 303(3), 130-135. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7383070/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7383070/
—Hubert, H. B. et al. "Lifestyle habits and compression of morbidity." Journals of Gerontology Series A (2002), 57(6), M347-M351. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023263/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023263/
—Yang, Y. et al. "Compression of morbidity by interventions that steepen the survival curve." Nature Communications (2025), 16, 3348. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11978790/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11978790/
—Fries, J. F. "The compression of morbidity." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly: Health and Society (1983), 61(3), 397-419. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6555590/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6555590/
—Parker, M. G., & Thorslund, M. "Health trends in the elderly population: getting better and getting worse." The Gerontologist (2007), 47(2), 150-158. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17440120/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17440120/
—van der Wiel, H. E., Lips, P., Nauta, J., Netelenbos, J. C., & Hazenberg, G. J. (1991). Biochemical parameters of bone turnover during ten days of bed rest and subsequent mobilization. Bone and Mineral , 13(2), 123-129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2059676/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2059676/
—Dirks, M. L., Wall, B. T., van de Valk, B., et al. (2016). One week of bed rest leads to substantial muscle atrophy and induces whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of skeletal muscle lipid accumulation. Diabetes , 65(10), 2862-2875. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27358494/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27358494/
—Hajj-Boutros, G., Sonjak, V., Faust, A., et al. (2023). Impact of 14 days of bed rest in older adults and an exercise countermeasure on body composition, muscle strength, and cardiovascular function: Canadian Space Agency standard measures. Gerontology , 69(11), 1284-1294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717560/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717560/
—Loyd, C., Markland, A. D., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020). Prevalence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 21(4), 455-461.e5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7469431/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7469431/
—Kortebein, P., Symons, T. B., Ferrando, A., et al. (2008). Functional impact of 10 days of bed rest in healthy older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 63(10), 1076-1081. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18948558/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18948558/
—Tanner, R. E., Brunker, L. B., Agergaard, J., et al. (2015). Age-related differences in lean mass, protein synthesis and skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis after bed rest and exercise rehabilitation. The Journal of Physiology , 593(18), 4259-4273. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4594296/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4594296/
—Brown, C. J., Redden, D. T., Flood, K. L., & Allman, R. M. (2009). The underrecognized epidemic of low mobility during hospitalization of older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 57(9), 1660-1665. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682121/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682121/
—Coker, R. H., Hays, N. P., Williams, R. H., Wolfe, R. R., & Evans, W. J. (2015). Bed rest promotes reductions in walking speed, functional parameters, and aerobic fitness in older, healthy adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 70(1), 91-96. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4342684/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4342684/
—Kortebein, P., Ferrando, A., Lombeida, J., Wolfe, R., & Evans, W. J. (2007). Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healthy older adults. JAMA , 297(16), 1772-1774. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17456818/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17456818/
—Motanova, E., Sarto, F., Negro, S., et al. (2026). Neuromuscular junction instability with inactivity: morphological and functional changes after 10 days of bed rest in older adults. The Journal of Physiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12810232/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12810232/
—Pišot, R., Marusic, U., Biolo, G., et al. (2016). Greater loss in muscle mass and function but smaller metabolic alterations in older compared with younger men following 2 wk of bed rest and recovery. Journal of Applied Physiology , 120(8), 922-929. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26823343/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26823343/
—Lagacé, J.-C., St-Martin, P., Avino, M., et al. (2026). Impact of 14 days of head-down bed rest and an exercise countermeasure on skeletal muscle atrophy, proteome and circulatory cytokines in older adults. Experimental Physiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13394170/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13394170/
—St-Martin, P., Lagacé, J.-C., Ruel, M., et al. (2026). Exercise during 14 days of head down tilt bedrest attenuates motor unit impairments in older humans. The Journal of Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41719153/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41719153/
—Loyd, C., Markland, A. D., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020). Prevalence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 21(4), 455-461.e5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7469431/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7469431/
—Crimmins, E. M., & Beltrán-Sánchez, H. "Mortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?" Journals of Gerontology Series B (2011). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3001754/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3001754/
—Kaeberlein, M. "How healthy is the healthspan concept?" GeroScience (2018). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6136295/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6136295/
—Chihuri, S., et al. (2016). Driving cessation and health outcomes in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 64(2), 332-341. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5021147/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5021147/
—Curl, A. L., Stowe, J. D., Cooney, T. M., & Proulx, C. M. (2014). Giving up the keys: how driving cessation affects engagement in later life. The Gerontologist , 54(3), 423-433. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23651920/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23651920/
—Dickerson, A. E., et al. (2024). A systematic review of effective interventions and strategies to support the transition of older adults from driving to driving retirement/cessation. Innovation in Aging , 8(6), igae054. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11212369/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11212369/
—Edwards, J. D., Lunsman, M., Perkins, M., Rebok, G. W., & Roth, D. L. (2009). Driving cessation and health trajectories in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 64(12), 1290-1295. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2773808/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2773808/
—Marottoli, R. A., et al. (1997). Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms: prospective evidence from the New Haven EPESE. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 45(2), 202-206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9033520/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9033520/
—Qin, W., Xiang, X., & Taylor, H. (2020). Driving cessation and social isolation in older adults. Journal of Aging and Health , 32(9), 962-971. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7901288/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7901288/
—Ge, S., et al. (2021). Longitudinal association between hearing loss, vision loss, dual sensory loss, and cognitive decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33258497/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33258497/
—Garcia Morales, E. E., et al. (2024). Population prevalence of dual sensory loss in community-dwelling US adults 71 years and older: evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10922129/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10922129/
—Raina, P., Wong, M., & Massfeller, H. (2004). The relationship between sensory impairment and functional independence among elderly. BMC Geriatrics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC425581/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC425581/
—Urqueta Alfaro, A., et al. (2020). Older adults with dual sensory loss in rehabilitation show high functioning and may fare better than those with single sensory loss. PLoS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7398548/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7398548/
—Goh, H.-T., Pearce, M., & Vas, A. (2021). Task matters: an investigation on the effect of different secondary tasks on dual-task gait in older adults. BMC Geriatrics , 21, 510. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34563129/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34563129/
—Montero-Odasso, M., Sarquis-Adamson, Y., Kamkar, N., et al. (2020). Dual-task gait speed assessments with an electronic walkway and a stopwatch in older adults: a reliability study. Experimental Gerontology , 142, 111102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33017671/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33017671/
—Kahya, M., Moon, S., Ranchet, M., et al. (2019). Brain activity during dual task gait and balance in aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions: a systematic review. Experimental Gerontology , 128, 110756. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648005/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648005/
—Asai, T., Yamamoto, J., Oshima, K., et al. (2025). Dual-task gait test provides limited additional value for fall prediction in care-requiring older adults: a prospective study. Geriatrics & Gerontology International , 25(5), 663-669. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40135419/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40135419/
—Yogev-Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J. M., & Giladi, N. (2008). The role of executive function and attention in gait. Movement Disorders , 23(3), 329-342. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18058946/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18058946/
—Ramírez, F., & Gutiérrez, M. (2021). Dual-task gait as a predictive tool for cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , 13, 769462. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35002676/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35002676/
—Clarke, P., et al. (2009). Urban built environments and trajectories of mobility disability: findings from a national sample of community-dwelling American adults (1986–2001). Social Science & Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759178/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759178/
—Rantakokko, M., et al. (2016). Mobility modification alleviates environmental influence on incident mobility difficulty among community-dwelling older people: a two-year follow-up study. PLoS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841513/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841513/
—Rantanen, T., et al. (2012). Individual and environmental factors underlying life space of older people: study protocol and design of a cohort study on life-space mobility in old age (LISPE). BMC Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3534010/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3534010/
—Julião, P. L., et al. (2023). A systematic review of reviews on the psychometric properties of measures of older persons' ability to build and maintain social relationships. Age and Ageing , 52(Suppl 4), iv133-iv137. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615056/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615056/
—World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF . https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42407——https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42407
—Keysor, J. J., et al. (2010). Community environmental factors are associated with disability in older adults with functional limitations: the MOST study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2905834/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2905834/
—Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist , 9(3 Part 1), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
—Royall, D. R., Palmer, R., Chiodo, L. K., & Polk, M. J. (2004). Declining executive control in normal aging predicts change in functional status: the Freedom House Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 52(3), 346-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52104.x——https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52104.x
—Diehl, M., Marsiske, M., Horgas, A. L., Rosenberg, A., Saczynski, J. S., & Willis, S. L. (2005). The revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living: a performance-based assessment of everyday problem solving in older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology , 24(3), 211-230. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2153442/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2153442/
—Eldadah, B. A. (2010). Fatigue and fatigability in older adults. PM&R . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20656622/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20656622/
—Tian, H., Xin, Z., Lin, Z., et al. (2025). Prevalence of fatigue and perceived fatigability in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88961-x——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88961-x
—Ehrenkranz, R., Rosso, A. L., Sprague, B. N., et al. (2021). Functional correlates of self-reported energy levels in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8531104/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8531104/
—Schrack, J. A., Simonsick, E. M., & Glynn, N. W. (2020). Fatigability: a prognostic indicator of phenotypic aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7749190/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7749190/
—Richardson, C. A., Glynn, N. W., Ferrucci, L. G., & Mackey, D. C. (2015). Walking energetics, fatigability, and fatigue in older adults: the Study of Energy and Aging Pilot. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4447797/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4447797/
—Glynn, N. W., Santanasto, A. J., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2015). The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale for older adults: development and validation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4971882/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4971882/
—Simonsick, E. M., Glynn, N. W., Jerome, G. J., et al. (2016). Fatigued, but not frail: perceived fatigability as a marker of impending decline in mobility-intact older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4914474/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4914474/
—Zengarini, E., Ruggiero, C., Pérez-Zepeda, M. U., et al. (2015). Fatigue: relevance and implications in the aging population. Experimental Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26190478/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26190478/
—Renner, S. W., Bear, T. M., Brown, P. J., et al. (2021). Validation of perceived mental fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8127403/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8127403/
—Simonsick, E. M., Schrack, J. A., Glynn, N. W., & Ferrucci, L. (2014). Assessing fatigability in mobility-intact older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3947865/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3947865/
—Jørstad, E. C., Hauer, K., Becker, C., & Lamb, S. E. (2005). Measuring the psychological outcomes of falling: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 53(3), 501-510. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15743297/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15743297/
—Deshpande, N., Metter, E. J., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J., & Ferrucci, L. (2008). Activity restriction induced by fear of falling and objective and subjective measures of physical function: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 56(4), 615-620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18312314/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18312314/
—Hadjistavropoulos, T., Delbaere, K., & Fitzgerald, T. D. (2011). Reconceptualizing the role of fear of falling and balance confidence in fall risk. Journal of Aging and Health , 23(1), 3-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20852012/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20852012/
—Scheffer, A. C., Schuurmans, M. J., van Dijk, N., van der Hooft, T., & de Rooij, S. E. (2008). Fear of falling: measurement strategy, prevalence, risk factors and consequences among older persons. Age and Ageing , 37(1), 19-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18194967/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18194967/
—Liu, M., Hou, T., Li, Y., et al. (2021). Fear of falling is as important as multiple previous falls in terms of limiting daily activities: a longitudinal study. BMC Geriatrics , 21, 350. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34098904/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34098904/
—Delbaere, K., Close, J. C. T., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P., & Lord, S. R. (2010). Determinants of disparities between perceived and physiological risk of falling among elderly people: cohort study. BMJ , 341, c4165. https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4165——https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4165
—Rochat, S., Büla, C. J., Martin, E., et al. (2010). What is the relationship between fear of falling and gait in well-functioning older persons aged 65 to 70 years? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 91(6), 879-884. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20510978/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20510978/
—Gamble, K. J., Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., & Bennett, D. A. (2015). Aging and financial decision making. Management Science , 61(11), 2603-2610. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4662381/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4662381/
—Marson, D. C., Martin, R. C., Wadley, V., et al. (2009). Clinical interview assessment of financial capacity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 57(5), 806-814. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2714907/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2714907/
—Gerstenecker, A., Martin, R. C., Triebel, K., & Marson, D. (2019). Anosognosia of financial ability in mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 34(8), 1200-1207. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5118——https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5118
—Triebel, K. L., Martin, R., Griffith, H. R., et al. (2009). Declining financial capacity in mild cognitive impairment: a 1-year longitudinal study. Neurology , 73(12), 928-934. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2754335/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2754335/
—Marson, D. C., Sawrie, S. M., Snyder, S., et al. (2000). Assessing financial capacity in patients with Alzheimer disease: a conceptual model and prototype instrument. Archives of Neurology , 57(6), 877-884. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10867786/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10867786/
—Martin, R. C., Gerstenecker, A., Triebel, K. L., et al. (2019). Declining financial capacity in mild cognitive impairment: a six-year longitudinal study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 34(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy030——https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy030
—Lichtenberg, P. A., Stoltman, J., Ficker, L. J., Iris, M., & Mast, B. (2015). A person-centered approach to financial capacity assessment: preliminary development of a new rating scale. Clinical Gerontologist , 38(1), 49-67. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4392714/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4392714/
—Ghesquiere, A. R., McAfee, C., & Burnett, J. (2019). Measures of financial capacity: a review. The Gerontologist , 59(2), e109-e129. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx045——https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx045
—Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. "Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity." Journal of Gerontology: Series A (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031310/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031310/
—Afilalo, J., Alexander, K. P., Mack, M. J. et al. "Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults." Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4571179/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4571179/
—Sutton, J. L., Gould, R. L., Daley, S. et al. "Psychometric properties of multicomponent tools designed to assess frailty in older adults: a systematic review." BMC Geriatrics (2016), 16, 55. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-016-0225-2——https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-016-0225-2
—Theou, O., Cann, L., Blodgett, J., Wallace, L. M. K., Brothers, T. D., & Rockwood, K. "Modifications to the frailty phenotype criteria: systematic review of the current literature and investigation of 262 frailty phenotypes in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe." Ageing Research Reviews (2015), 21, 78-94. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163715000355——https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163715000355
—Rockwood, K., & Mitnitski, A. "Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits." Journal of Gerontology: Series A (2007), 62(7), 722-727. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17634318/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17634318/
—Mitnitski, A. B., Mogilner, A. J., & Rockwood, K. "Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging." ScientificWorldJournal (2001), 1, 323-336. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12806071/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12806071/
—Kojima, G., Iliffe, S., & Walters, K. "Frailty index as a predictor of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Age and Ageing (2018), 47(2), 193-200. https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/47/2/193/4508819——https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/47/2/193/4508819
—Cigolle, C. T., Ofstedal, M. B., Tian, Z., & Blaum, C. S. "Comparing models of frailty: the Health and Retirement Study." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2009), 57(5), 830-839. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19453306/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19453306/
—Guralnik, J. M., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology , 49(2), M85–M94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8126356/
—Pavasini, R., et al. (2016). Short Physical Performance Battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine , 14, 215. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-016-0763-7——https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-016-0763-7
—Katz, S., et al. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA , 185(12), 914–919. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/666768——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/666768
—Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist , 9(3), 179–186. https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/9/3_Part_1/179/552696——https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/9/3_Part_1/179/552696
—Frangos, E., Graf, C., & Samaras, N. (2023). Functional aging: Integrating functionality to a multidimensional assessment of healthy aging. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research , 2023, 9409918. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
—Crimmins, E. M. (2015). Lifespan and healthspan: past, present, and promise. Gerontologist , 55(6), 901-911.———
—Aarden, J. J., van der Esch, M., Engelbert, R. H. H., van der Schaaf, M., de Rooij, S. E., & Buurman, B. M. (2017). Hip fractures in older patients: trajectories of disability after surgery. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging , 21(7), 837-842. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28717815/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28717815/
—Tang, V. L., Sudore, R., Cenzer, I. S., et al. (2017). Rates of recovery to pre-fracture function in older persons with hip fracture: an observational study. Journal of General Internal Medicine , 32(2), 153-158. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5264672/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5264672/
—Dakhil, S., Saltvedt, I., Benth, J. S., et al. (2023). Longitudinal trajectories of functional recovery after hip fracture. PLOS ONE , 18(3), e0283551. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10057789/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10057789/
—Fischer, K., Trombik, M., Freystätter, G., Egli, A., Theiler, R., & Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. (2019). Timeline of functional recovery after hip fracture in seniors aged 65 and older: a prospective observational analysis. Osteoporosis International , 30(7), 1371-1381. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30941485/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30941485/
—Gavrila Laic, R. A., Bogaert, L., Vander Sloten, J., & Depreitere, B. (2021). Functional outcome, dependency and well-being after traumatic brain injury in the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain & Spine , 1, 100849. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9560680/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9560680/
—Alqarni, A. G., Gladman, J. R. F., Obasi, A. A., & Ollivere, B. (2023). Does frailty status predict outcome in major trauma in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing , 52(5), afad073. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10226729/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10226729/
—Magaziner, J., Hawkes, W., Hebel, J. R., et al. (2000). Recovery from hip fracture in eight areas of function. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 55(9), M498-M507. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/55.9.M498——https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/55.9.M498
—Rafaqat, W., Panossian, V. S., Abiad, M., et al. (2024). The impact of frailty on long-term functional outcomes in severely injured geriatric patients. Surgery , 176(4), 1148-1154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39107141/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39107141/
—Ek, S., Rizzuto, D., Xu, W., Calderón-Larrañaga, A., & Welmer, A.-K. (2021). Predictors for functional decline after an injurious fall: a population-based cohort study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research , 33(8), 2183-2190. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8302494/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8302494/
—Crimmins, E. M. "Lifespan and healthspan: past, present, and promise." The Gerontologist (2015), 55(6), 901-911. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4861644/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4861644/
—Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1996). The Global Burden of Disease . Harvard School of Public Health.———
—Fries, J. F. (1980). Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. New England Journal of Medicine , 303(3), 130-135. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7383070/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7383070/
—Garmany, A., Yamada, S., & Terzic, A. "Longevity leap: mind the healthspan gap." npj Aging (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-021-00169-5——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-021-00169-5
—Frangos, E., Graf, C., & Samaras, N. "Functional aging: Integrating functionality to a multidimensional assessment of healthy aging." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research (2023). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
—Seals, D. R., Justice, J. N., & LaRocca, T. J. "Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity." The Journal of Physiology (2016). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282665——https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282665
—Fries, J. F. "Compression of morbidity." NBER Working Paper (2016). https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22306/w22306.pdf——https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22306/w22306.pdf
—Bohannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6778477/
—Cosco, T. D., Prina, A. M., Perales, J., et al. (2014). Operational definitions of successful aging: a systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308764/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308764/
—Sanchez-Niubo, A., Forero, C. G., Wu, Y.-T., et al. (2021). Development of a common scale for measuring healthy ageing across the world: results from the ATHLOS consortium. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8271194/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8271194/
—Lu, W., Pikhart, H., & Sacker, A. (2019). Domains and measurements of healthy aging in epidemiological studies: a review. The Gerontologist . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6630160/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6630160/
—Behr, L. C., Simm, A., Kluttig, A., & Großkopf, A. (2023). 60 years of healthy aging: on definitions, biomarkers, scores and challenges. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37059401/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37059401/
—Piriu, A. A., Bufali, M. V., Cappellaro, G., et al. (2025). Conceptualisation and measurement of healthy ageing: insights from a systematic literature review. Social Science & Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198967/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198967/
—McCabe, E. L., Larson, M. G., Lunetta, K. L., et al. (2016). Association of an index of healthy aging with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based sample of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5106860/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5106860/
—Sanders, J. L., Minster, R. L., Barmada, M. M., et al. (2014). Heritability of and mortality prediction with a longevity phenotype: the Healthy Aging Index. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3968826/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3968826/
—Dieteren, C. M., Samson, L. D., Schipper, M., et al. (2020). The Healthy Aging Index analyzed over 15 years in the general population: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Preventive Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653354/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653354/
—Menassa, M., Stronks, K., Khatmi, F., et al. (2023). Concepts and definitions of healthy ageing: a systematic review and synthesis of theoretical models. eClinicalMedicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9852292/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9852292/
—Yeo, B. S. Y., et al. (2025). Hearing loss and falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11926736/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11926736/
—Tian, R., et al. (2021). Association between hearing loss and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8147347/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8147347/
—Yamasoba, T., et al. (2013). Current concepts in age-related hearing loss: epidemiology and mechanistic pathways. Hearing Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3723756/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3723756/
—Bowl, M. R., & Dawson, S. J. (2019). Age-related hearing loss. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6671929/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6671929/
—Armstrong, N. M., et al. (2020). Associations of hearing loss and depressive symptoms with incident disability in older adults: Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30561511/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30561511/
—Loughrey, D. G., et al. (2018). Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5824986/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5824986/
—Dalton, D. S., et al. (2003). The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults. The Gerontologist . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14570962/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14570962/
—Chen, D. S., et al. (2015). Association between hearing impairment and self-reported difficulty in physical functioning. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24779559/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24779559/
—Lin, F. R., et al. (2023). Hearing intervention versus health education control to reduce cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss in the USA (ACHIEVE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37478886/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37478886/
—Dhanda, N., et al. (2024). Does social isolation mediate the association between hearing loss and cognition in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Frontiers in Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10824982/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10824982/
—Sierra, F., & Perez, V. (2026). Loss of molecular resilience as the ultimate outcome of aging biology. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12972337/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12972337/
—Hadley, E. C., Kuchel, G. A., Newman, A. B., et al. (2017). Report: NIA Workshop on Measures of Physiologic Resiliencies in Human Aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5861884/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5861884/
—Whitson, H. E., Duan-Porter, W., Schmader, K. E., et al. (2016). Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014191/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014191/
—Ferrante, L. E., Pisani, M. A., Murphy, T. E., et al. (2015). Functional trajectories among older persons before and after critical illness. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467795/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467795/
—Gill, T. M., Allore, H. G., Gahbauer, E. A., & Murphy, T. E. (2010). Change in disability after hospitalization or restricted activity in older persons. JAMA . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3124926/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3124926/
—Ader, I., Pénicaud, L., Andrieu, S., et al. (2021). Healthy Aging Biomarkers: The INSPIRE's Contribution. The Journal of Frailty & Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8081649/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8081649/
—Li, Q., Wang, S., Milot, E., et al. (2015). Homeostatic dysregulation proceeds in parallel in multiple physiological systems. Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4693454/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4693454/
—Fimognari, F. L., Pierantozzi, A., De Alfieri, W., et al. (2017). The severity of acute illness and functional trajectories in hospitalized older medical patients. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 72(1), 102-108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27257216/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27257216/
—Boyd, C. M., Landefeld, C. S., Counsell, S. R., et al. (2008). Recovery of activities of daily living in older adults after hospitalization for acute medical illness. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 56(12), 2171-2179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19093915/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19093915/
—Inouye, S. K., Bogardus, S. T., Jr., Baker, D. I., Leo-Summers, L., & Cooney, L. M., Jr. (2000). The Hospital Elder Life Program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 48(12), 1697-1706. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11129764/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11129764/
—Creditor, M. C. (1993). Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly. Annals of Internal Medicine , 118(3), 219-223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8417639/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8417639/
—Hao, X., Zhang, H., Zhao, X., Peng, X., & Li, K. (2024). Risk factors for hospitalization-associated disability among older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews , 101, 102516. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332713/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332713/
—Giacomino, K., Hilfiker, R., Beckwée, D., Taeymans, J., & Sattelmayer, K. M. (2023). Assessment tools and incidence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a rapid systematic review. PeerJ , 11, e16036. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10590575/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10590575/
—Fox, M. T., Persaud, M., Maimets, I., et al. (2012). Effectiveness of acute geriatric unit care using Acute Care for Elders components: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 60(12), 2237-2245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176020/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23176020/
—Brown, C. J., Redden, D. T., Flood, K. L., & Allman, R. M. (2009). The underrecognized epidemic of low mobility during hospitalization of older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 57(9), 1660-1665. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682121/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682121/
—Tu, W., & Rao, S. (2016). Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5186782/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5186782/
—Weyand, C. M., & Goronzy, J. J. (2016). Aging of the Immune System. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5291468/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5291468/
—Allen, J. C., Toapanta, F. R., Chen, W., & Tennant, S. M. (2020). Understanding immunosenescence and its impact on vaccination of older adults . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7719605/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7719605/
—Frasca, D., Blomberg, B. B., Paganelli, R., et al. (2020). B Cell Immunosenescence . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8060858/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8060858/
—Pinti, M., Appay, V., Campisi, J., Frasca, D., Fulop, T., Sauce, D., Larbi, A., Weinberger, B., & Cossarizza, A. (2016). Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5156481/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5156481/
—Kingston, A., Collerton, J., Davies, K., et al. (2012). Losing the ability in activities of daily living in the oldest old: a hierarchic disability scale from the Newcastle 85+ Study. PLOS ONE , 7(2), e31665. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031665——https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031665
—Sikkes, S. A. M., de Lange-de Klerk, E. S. M., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Scheltens, P., & Uitdehaag, B. M. J. (2009). A systematic review of instrumental activities of daily living scales in dementia: room for improvement. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry , 80(1), 7-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19091706/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19091706/
—Sprung, J., Laporta, M., Knopman, D. S., et al. (2021). Gait speed and instrumental activities of daily living in older adults after hospitalization: a longitudinal population-based study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 76(10), e272-e280. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8436979/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8436979/
—Pérès, K., Helmer, C., Amieva, H., et al. (2008). Natural history of decline in instrumental activities of daily living performance over the 10 years preceding the clinical diagnosis of dementia: a prospective population-based study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 56(1), 37-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18028344/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18028344/
—Dufournet, M., Moutet, C., Achi, S., et al. (2021). Proposition of a corrected measure of the Lawton instrumental activities of daily living score. BMC Geriatrics , 21, 39. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7802257/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7802257/
—Belloni, G., & Cesari, M. (2019). Frailty and intrinsic capacity: two distinct but related constructs. Frontiers in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6591451/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6591451/
—Stolz, E., Mayerl, H., Freidl, W., et al. (2022). Intrinsic capacity predicts negative health outcomes in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8751795/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8751795/
—Koivunen, K., Hoogendijk, E. O., Schaap, L. A., et al. (2023). Development and validation of an intrinsic capacity composite score in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: a formative approach. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115715/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10115715/
—Yu, R., Leung, J., Leung, G., & Woo, J. (2021). Validation of the construct of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal Chinese cohort. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12876751/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12876751/
—World Health Organization. (2019). Integrated care for older people (ICOPE) implementation framework: guidance for systems and services . https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515993——https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515993
—George, P. P., Lun, P., Ong, S. P., et al. (2021). A rapid review of the measurement of intrinsic capacity in older adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7966899/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7966899/
—Beard, J. R., Jotheeswaran, A. T., Cesari, M., & Araujo de Carvalho, I. (2019). The structure and predictive value of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing. BMJ Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6830681/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6830681/
—O'Sullivan, E. D., Hughes, J., & Ferenbach, D. A. (2017). Renal aging: causes and consequences. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5280008/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5280008/
—Rex, N., Melk, A., & Schmitt, R. (2023). Cellular senescence and kidney aging. Clinical Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10739085/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10739085/
—Shankland, S. J., Rule, A. D., Kutz, J. N., Pippin, J. W., & Wessely, O. (2023). Podocyte senescence and aging. Kidney360 . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10758523/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10758523/
—Fang, Y., et al. (2020). The ageing kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7595250/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7595250/
—Muglia, L., Di Dio, M., Filicetti, E., et al. (2024). Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease in older individuals: navigating complexity in diagnosis. Frontiers in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11269154/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11269154/
—Hommos, M. S., Glassock, R. J., & Rule, A. D. (2017). Structural and functional changes in human kidneys with healthy aging. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5619977/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5619977/
—Noronha, I. L., Santa-Catharina, G. P., Andrade, L., et al. (2022). Glomerular filtration in the aging population. Frontiers in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9519889/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9519889/
—Zhang, F., Wang, H., Bai, Y., et al. (2023). Prevalence of physical frailty and impact on survival in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrology . https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-023-03303-1——https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-023-03303-1
—Kuspinar, A., et al. (2023). Assessing the measurement properties of life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Age and Ageing , 52(Suppl 4), iv86-iv99. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615067/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615067/
—Peel, C., Sawyer Baker, P., Roth, D. L., Brown, C. J., Bodner, E. V., & Allman, R. M. (2005). Assessing mobility in older adults: the UAB Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment. Physical Therapy , 85(10), 1008-1019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16180950/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16180950/
—Crowe, M., Andel, R., Wadley, V. G., Okonkwo, O. C., Sawyer, P., & Allman, R. M. (2008). Life-space and cognitive decline in a community-based sample of African American and Caucasian older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 63(11), 1241-1245. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2820830/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2820830/
—Portegijs, E., Rantakokko, M., Viljanen, A., Sipilä, S., & Rantanen, T. (2016). Identification of older people at risk of ADL disability using the Life-Space Assessment: a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 17(5), 410-414. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26805752/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26805752/
—Alcazar, J., Kamper, R. S., Aagaard, P., et al. (2020). Relation between leg extension power and 30-s sit-to-stand muscle power in older adults: validation and translation to functional performance. Scientific Reports , 10, 16337. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004970/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004970/
—Puthoff, M. L., & Nielsen, D. H. (2007). Relationships among impairments in lower-extremity strength and power, functional limitations, and disability in older adults. Physical Therapy , 87(10), 1334-1347. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17684086/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17684086/
—Skelton, D. A., Greig, C. A., Davies, J. M., & Young, A. (1994). Strength, power and related functional ability of healthy people aged 65-89 years. Age and Ageing , 23(5), 371-377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7825481/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7825481/
—Alcazar, J., Losa-Reyna, J., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., et al. (2018). The sit-to-stand muscle power test: an easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people. Experimental Gerontology , 112, 38-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30179662/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30179662/
—Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., et al. (2000). Association of muscle power with functional status in community-dwelling elderly women. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 55(4), M192-M199. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811148/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811148/
—Alcazar, J., Aagaard, P., Haddock, B., et al. (2020). Age- and sex-specific changes in lower-limb muscle power throughout the lifespan. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 75(7), 1369-1378. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31943003/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31943003/
—Alcazar, J., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Delecluse, C., Thomis, M., & Van Roie, E. (2023). Ten-year longitudinal changes in muscle power, force, and velocity in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle , 14(2), 1019-1032. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788413/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36788413/
—Alcazar, J., Alegre, L. M., Van Roie, E., et al. (2021). Relative sit-to-stand power: aging trajectories, functionally relevant cut-off points, and normative data in a large European cohort. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle , 12(4), 921-932. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34216098/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34216098/
—Bean, J. F., Kiely, D. K., LaRose, S., Alian, J., & Frontera, W. R. (2007). Is stair climb power a clinically relevant measure of leg power impairments in at-risk older adults? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 88(5), 604-609. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17466729/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17466729/
—Fávaro-Moreira, N. C., Krausch-Hofmann, S., Matthys, C., et al. (2016). Risk factors for malnutrition in older adults: a systematic review of the literature based on longitudinal data. Advances in Nutrition , 7(3), 507-522. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4863272/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4863272/
—Almohaisen, N., Gittins, M., Todd, C., et al. (2022). Prevalence of undernutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 50 years and above: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients , 14(8), 1537. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9032775/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9032775/
—Mareschal, J., Genton, L., Collet, T.-H., & Graf, C. (2020). Nutritional intervention to prevent the functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients , 12(9), 2820. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7551991/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7551991/
—Ligthart-Melis, G. C., Luiking, Y. C., Kakourou, A., et al. (2020). Frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition frequently (co-)occur in hospitalized older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 21(9), 1216-1228. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32327302/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32327302/
—Sugiura, Y., Tanimoto, Y., Imbe, A., et al. (2016). Association between functional capacity decline and nutritional status based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist: a 2-year cohort study of Japanese community-dwelling elderly. PLoS ONE , 11(11), e0166037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27824916/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27824916/
—Cederholm, T., Jensen, G. L., Correia, M. I. T. D., et al. (2019). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition: a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clinical Nutrition , 38(1), 1-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181091/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30181091/
—Edelberg, H. K., Shallenberger, E., & Wei, J. Y. (1999). Medication management capacity in highly functioning community-living older adults: detection of early deficits. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 47(5), 592-596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10323653/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10323653/
—Maidment, I., Lawson, S., Wong, G., et al. (2020). Towards an understanding of the burdens of medication management affecting older people: the MEMORABLE realist synthesis. BMC Geriatrics , 20, 183. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7272211/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7272211/
—Sumida, C. A., Vo, T. T., Van Etten, E. J., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2019). Medication management performance and associated cognitive correlates in healthy older adults and older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 34(3), 290-300. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6454840/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6454840/
—Patel, T., McDougall, A., Ivo, J., et al. (2021). Development and content validation of an instrument to measure medication self-management in older adults. Pharmacy , 9(2), 78. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8167785/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8167785/
—Windham, B. G., Griswold, M. E., Fried, L. P., et al. (2005). Impaired vision and the ability to take medications. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 53(7), 1179-1190. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108936/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16108936/
—Hallowell, E. S., Sullivan, K. L., Davis, J. D., et al. (2022). The complementary utility of cognitive testing and the Medication Management Ability Assessment in older adults. Neuropsychology , 36(6), 528-539. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35587411/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35587411/
—Luegering, A., Langner, R., Wilm, S., et al. (2023). Developing a novel tool to assess the ability to self-administer medication: a systematic evaluation of patients' video recordings in the ABLYMED study. Frontiers in Medicine , 10, 1040528. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1040528/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1040528/full
—Orwig, D., Brandt, N., & Gruber-Baldini, A. L. (2006). Medication management assessment for older adults in the community. The Gerontologist , 46(5), 661-668. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17050757/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17050757/
—Elliott, R. A., & Marriott, J. L. (2009). Standardised assessment of patients' capacity to manage medications: a systematic review of published instruments. BMC Geriatrics , 9, 27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2719637/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2719637/
—Edelberg, H. K., Shallenberger, E., Hausdorff, J. M., & Wei, J. Y. (2000). One-year follow-up of medication management capacity in highly functioning older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 55(10), M550-M553. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11034226/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11034226/
—Stuck, A. E., Walthert, J. M., Nikolaus, T., Bula, C. J., Hohmann, C., & Beck, J. C. (1999). Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review. Social Science & Medicine , 48(4), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00370-0——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00370-0
—Pollak, C., Verghese, J., & Blumen, H. M. (2023). Loneliness and functional decline in aging: a systematic review. Research in Gerontological Nursing , 16(4), 202-212. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20230503-02——https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20230503-02
—Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2010). Purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability among community-dwelling older persons. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 18(12), 1093-1102. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181d6c259——https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181d6c259
—Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994). The disablement process. Social Science & Medicine , 38(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1——https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1
—Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. The Journals of Gerontology , 49(2), M85-M94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85——https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85
—Steptoe, A., Deaton, A., & Stone, A. A. (2015). Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. The Lancet , 385(9968), 640-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61489-0
—Hajek, A., Brettschneider, C., Eisele, M., et al. (2017). Disentangling the complex relation of disability and depressive symptoms in old age: findings of a multicenter prospective cohort study in Germany. International Psychogeriatrics , 29(6), 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216002507——https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216002507
—Ormel, J., Rijsdijk, F. V., Sullivan, M., van Sonderen, E., & Kempen, G. I. J. M. (2002). Temporal and reciprocal relationship between IADL/ADL disability and depressive symptoms in late life. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B , 57(4), P338-P347. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.4.P338——https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.4.P338
—Swenor, B. K., Muñoz, B., & West, S. K. (2014). A longitudinal study of the association between visual impairment and mobility performance in older adults: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. American Journal of Epidemiology , 179(3), 313-322. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3954103/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3954103/
—Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E., & Wallace, R. B. (1995). Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. The New England Journal of Medicine , 332(9), 556-561. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9828188/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9828188/
—Hardy, S. E., Kang, Y., Studenski, S. A., & Degenholtz, H. B. (2011). Ability to walk 1/4 mile predicts subsequent disability, mortality, and health care costs. Journal of General Internal Medicine , 26(2), 130-135. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3019329/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3019329/
—Pahor, M., Guralnik, J. M., Ambrosius, W. T., et al. (2014). Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA , 311(23), 2387-2396. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4266388/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4266388/
—Clarke, P., Ailshire, J. A., & Lantz, P. (2009). Urban built environments and trajectories of mobility disability: findings from a national sample of community-dwelling American adults (1986-2001). Social Science & Medicine , 69(6), 964-970. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759178/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759178/
—Schrack, J. A., Zipunnikov, V., Simonsick, E. M., Studenski, S., & Ferrucci, L. (2016). Rising energetic cost of walking predicts gait speed decline with aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 71(7), 947-953. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4906328/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4906328/
—Mackey, D. C., Cauley, J. A., Barrett-Connor, E., et al. (2014). Life-space mobility and mortality in older men: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 62(7), 1288-1296. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4251711/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4251711/
—Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., Benvenuti, E., et al. (2000). Subsystems contributing to the decline in ability to walk: bridging the gap between epidemiology and geriatric practice in the InCHIANTI study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 48(12), 1618-1625. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11129752/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11129752/
—Gill, T. M., Allore, H. G., Hardy, S. E., & Guo, Z. (2006). The dynamic nature of mobility disability in older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 54(2), 248-254. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16460375/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16460375/
—Ward, R. E., Boudreau, R. M., Caserotti, P., et al. (2014). Sensory and motor peripheral nerve function and incident mobility disability. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 62(12), 2273-2279. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270855/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4270855/
—Cummings, S. R., Lui, L.-Y., Glynn, N. W., et al. (2024). Energetics and clinical factors for the time required to walk 400 m: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 72(4), 1035-1047. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38243364/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38243364/
—He, Q., Xie, P., Hu, L., et al. (2024). The association between accelerated biological aging and osteoarthritis. Frontiers in Public Health , 12, 1451737. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1451737/full
—Conboy, I. M., & Rando, T. A. (2012). Aging, stem cells and tissue regeneration: lessons from muscle. Cell Stem Cell , 10(6), 626-636. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.4.3.1518——https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.4.3.1518
—Compston, J. E., McClung, M. R., & Leslie, W. D. (2019). Osteoporosis. Lancet , 393(10169), 364-376. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696576/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696576/
—Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018). Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology , 14(10), 576-590. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0059-4
—Clark, D., Kotronia, E., Ramsay, S. E., et al. (2021). Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease: basic biological considerations. Periodontology 2000 . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8771712/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8771712/
—Hakeem, F. F., Bernabe, E., & Sabbah, W. (2019). Association between oral health and frailty: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Gerodontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31025772/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31025772/
—Chen, S., Zhou, D., Liu, O., Chen, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2022). Cellular senescence and periodontitis: mechanisms and therapeutics. Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9598109/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9598109/
—Dibello, V., Lobbezoo, F., Lozupone, M., et al. (2023). Oral frailty indicators to target major adverse health-related outcomes in older age: a systematic review. GeroScience . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36242694/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36242694/
—Asher, S., et al. (2022). Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9826143/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9826143/
—Mol, A., et al. (2018). Orthostatic hypotension and physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews , 48, 122-144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394339/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394339/
—Wieling, W., et al. (2022). Diagnosis and treatment of orthostatic hypotension. The Lancet Neurology , 21(8), 735-746. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35841911/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35841911/
—Saedon, N. I., et al. (2020). The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 75(1), 117-122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30169579/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30169579/
—Duval, G. T., et al. (2024). Orthostatic hypotension and cognitive impairment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Maturitas , 185, 107866. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604094/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604094/
—Tran, J., et al. (2021). Prevalence of initial orthostatic hypotension in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing , 50(5), 1520-1528. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260686/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260686/
—Mol, A., et al. (2020). Blood pressure drop rate after standing up is associated with frailty and number of falls in geriatric outpatients. Journal of the American Heart Association , 9(7), e014688. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32223397/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32223397/
—The Consensus Committee of the American Autonomic Society and the American Academy of Neurology. (1996). Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy. Neurology , 46(5), 1470. https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.46.5.1470——https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.46.5.1470
—Iseli, R., et al. (2019). Orthostatic hypotension and cognition in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology , 120, 40-49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30825549/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30825549/
—Frangos, E., Graf, C., & Samaras, N. (2023). Functional aging: Integrating functionality to a multidimensional assessment of healthy aging. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research , 2023, 9409918. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9899138/
—Bohannon, R. W., & Williams Andrews, A. (2011). Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy , 97(3), 182-189. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21820535/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21820535/
—Al Rihani, S. B., et al. (2021). Quantifying anticholinergic burden and sedative load in older adults with polypharmacy: A systematic review of risk scales and models. Drugs & Aging , 38, 977-994. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34751922/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34751922/
—Yu, X., et al. (2024). Association between polypharmacy and cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing , 59, 330-337. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39111065/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39111065/
—Roncal-Belzunce, V., et al. (2024). Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary interventions to address polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults. Ageing Research Reviews , 98, 102317. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38692414/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38692414/
—Masnoon, N., et al. (2017). What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatrics , 17, 230. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29017448/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29017448/
—Katsimpris, A., et al. (2019). The association between polypharmacy and physical function in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine , 34, 1865-1873. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31240604/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31240604/
—EuroQol Group. (1990). EuroQol: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10109801/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10109801/
—Weinstein, M. C., Torrance, G., & McGuire, A. (2009). QALYs: the basics. Value in Health . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19250132/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19250132/
—Gill, T. M., Han, L., Gahbauer, E. A., Leo-Summers, L., Murphy, T. E., & Ferrante, L. E. (2021). Functional effects of intervening illnesses and injuries after critical illness in older persons. Critical Care Medicine , 49(6), 956-966. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8140984/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8140984/
—Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Han, L., & Allore, H. G. (2015). The role of intervening hospital admissions on trajectories of disability in the last year of life: prospective cohort study of older people. BMJ , 350, h2361. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4443433/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4443433/
—Gill, T. M. (2014). Disentangling the disabling process: insights from the Precipitating Events Project. The Gerontologist , 54(4), 533-549. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155452/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4155452/
—Gill, T. M., Williams, C. S., & Tinetti, M. E. (1999). The combined effects of baseline vulnerability and acute hospital events on the development of functional dependence among community-living older persons. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 54(7), M377-M383. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10462171/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10462171/
—Gill, T. M., Han, L., Gahbauer, E. A., Leo-Summers, L., & Murphy, T. E. (2020). Risk factors and precipitants of severe disability among community-living older persons. JAMA Network Open , 3(6), e206021. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7267844/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7267844/
—Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Han, L., & Allore, H. G. (2010). Trajectories of disability in the last year of life. The New England Journal of Medicine , 362(13), 1173-1180. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2877372/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2877372/
—Gill, T. M., Allore, H. G., Gahbauer, E. A., & Murphy, T. E. (2010). Change in disability after hospitalization or restricted activity in older persons. JAMA , 304(17), 1919-1928. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3124926/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3124926/
—Wang, J., Wang, J., Li, X., et al. (2022). Association of pulmonary function with motor function trajectories and disability progression among older adults: a long-term community-based cohort study. Journal of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35512113/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35512113/
—Janssens, J. P., Pache, J. C., & Nicod, L. P. (1999). Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. European Respiratory Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836348/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836348/
—Roman, M. A., Rossiter, H. B., & Casaburi, R. (2016). Exercise, ageing and the lung. European Respiratory Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27799391/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27799391/
—Stanojevic, S., Kaminsky, D. A., Miller, M. R., et al. (2022). ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. European Respiratory Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34949706/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34949706/
—Lange, P., Celli, B., Agusti, A., et al. (2015). Lung-function trajectories leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26154786/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26154786/
—Newnham, D. M., & Hamilton, S. J. (1997). Sensitivity of the cough reflex in young and elderly subjects. Age and Ageing . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223713/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223713/
—Bertels, X., Ross, J. C., Faner, R., et al. (2024). Clinical relevance of lung function trajectory clusters in middle-aged and older adults. ERJ Open Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10851953/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10851953/
—Enright, P. L., Kronmal, R. A., Manolio, T. A., Schenker, M. B., & Hyatt, R. E. (1994). Respiratory muscle strength in the elderly: correlates and reference values. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8306041/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8306041/
—Quanjer, P. H., Stanojevic, S., Cole, T. J., et al. (2012). Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-year age range: the Global Lung Function 2012 equations. European Respiratory Journal . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3786581/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3786581/
—Wang, J., Guo, J., Dove, A., et al. (2023). Pulmonary function trajectories preceding death among older adults: a long-term community-based cohort study. Journal of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10329233/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10329233/
—Yang, X., Cheng, C., Ma, W., & Jia, C. (2023). Longitudinal association of lung function with frailty among older adults: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. European Geriatric Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36536112/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36536112/
—Schneider, J. L., Rowe, J. H., Garcia-de-Alba, C., et al. (2021). The aging lung: physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8052295/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8052295/
—Kirk, B., Cawthon, P. M., Arai, H., et al. (2024). The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS). Age and Ageing , 53(3), afae052. https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/53/3/afae052/7633681——https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/53/3/afae052/7633681
—Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., et al. (2006). Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study cohort. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 61(1), 72-77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16456196/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16456196/
—Westbury, L. D., Beaudart, C., Bruyère, O., et al. (2023). Recent sarcopenia definitions—prevalence, agreement and mortality associations among men: Findings from population-based cohorts. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle , 14(1), 565-575. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36604970/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36604970/
—Larsson, L., Degens, H., Li, M., et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiological Reviews , 99(1), 427-511. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30427277/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30427277/
—Lan, L., Shao, S., & Zheng, X. (2024). Associations between sarcopenia and trajectories of activities of daily living disability: a nationwide longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults in China from 2011 to 2018. Archives of Public Health , 82, 97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38918853/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38918853/
—Zhou, H., Ding, X., & Luo, M. (2024). The association between sarcopenia and functional disability in older adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging , 28(1), 100016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38267154/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38267154/
—Lunt, E., Ong, T., Gordon, A. L., Greenhaff, P. L., & Gladman, J. R. F. (2021). The clinical usefulness of muscle mass and strength measures in older people: a systematic review. Age and Ageing , 50(1), 88-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32706848/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32706848/
—Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., & Sayer, A. A. (2019). Sarcopenia. The Lancet , 393(10191), 2636-2646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31171417/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31171417/
—Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing , 48(1), 16-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312372/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312372/
—Bamia, C., Orfanos, P., Juerges, H., et al. (2017). Self-rated health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality of older adults: individual data meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies in the CHANCES Consortium. Maturitas . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28778331/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28778331/
—Lee, Y. (2000). The predictive value of self assessed general, physical, and mental health on functional decline and mortality in older adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1731623/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1731623/
—Jylhä, M. (2009). What is self-rated health and why does it predict mortality? Towards a unified conceptual model. Social Science & Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19520474/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19520474/
—Cullati, S., Bochatay, N., Rossier, C., et al. (2020). Does the single-item self-rated health measure the same thing across different wordings? Construct validity study. Quality of Life Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7434800/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7434800/
—Salomon, J. A., Tandon, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004). Comparability of self rated health: cross sectional multi-country survey using anchoring vignettes. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC324453/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC324453/
—Giltay, E. J., Vollaard, A. M., & Kromhout, D. (2012). Self-rated health and physician-rated health as independent predictors of mortality in elderly men. Age and Ageing . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22180414/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22180414/
—Dramé, M., Cantegrit, E., & Godaert, L. (2023). Self-rated health as a predictor of mortality in older adults: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10001164/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10001164/
—DeSalvo, K. B., Bloser, N., Reynolds, K., et al. (2006). Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question: a meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1828094/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1828094/
—Eriksson, I., Undén, A.-L., & Elofsson, S. (2001). Self-rated health. Comparisons between three different measures. Results from a population study. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11369738/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11369738/
—Bergland, A., & Strand, B. H. (2019). Norwegian reference values for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): the Tromsø Study. BMC Geriatrics , 19, 216. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6686475/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6686475/
—Kwon, S., Perera, S., Pahor, M., et al. (2009). What is a meaningful change in physical performance? Findings from a clinical trial in older adults (the LIFE-P study). The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging , 13(6), 538-544. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3100159/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3100159/
—Pavasini, R., Guralnik, J., Brown, J. C., et al. (2016). Short Physical Performance Battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine , 14, 215. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28003033/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28003033/
—Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Pieper, C. F., et al. (2000). Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the Short Physical Performance Battery. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A , 55(4), M221-M231. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811152/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811152/
—Woo, J., Yau, F., Leung, J., & Chan, R. (2019). Peak oxygen uptake, six-minute walk distance, six-meter walk speed, and pulse pressure as predictors of seven year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-living older adults. Experimental Gerontology , 124, 110645. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31252159/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31252159/
—Harada, N. D., Chiu, V., & Stewart, A. L. (1999). Mobility-related function in older adults: assessment with a 6-minute walk test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 80(7), 837-841. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10414771/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10414771/
—Ng, S. S., Yu, P. C., To, F. P., Chung, J. S., & Cheung, T. H. (2013). Effect of walkway length and turning direction on the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test among adults over 50 years of age: a cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy , 99(1), 63-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23219645/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23219645/
—Chan, W. L. S., & Pin, T. W. (2019). Practice effect and cueing of 2-minute walk test, 6-minute walk test and 10-meter walk test in frail older adults with and without dementia: recommendations to walk tests protocols. Experimental Gerontology , 124, 110648. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31279000/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31279000/
—Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006). Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 54(5), 743-749. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696738/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696738/
—Cazzoletti, L., Zanolin, M. E., Dorelli, G., et al. (2022). Six-minute walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from a general population sample. Respiratory Research , 23, 83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35382813/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35382813/
—Steffen, T. M., Hacker, T. A., & Mollinger, L. (2002). Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds. Physical Therapy , 82(2), 128-137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11856064/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11856064/
—Bautmans, I., Lambert, M., & Mets, T. (2004). The six-minute walk test in community dwelling elderly: influence of health status. BMC Geriatrics , 4, 6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15272934/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15272934/
—Enright, P. L., & Sherrill, D. L. (1998). Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 158(5), 1384-1387. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9817683/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9817683/
—Troosters, T., Gosselink, R., & Decramer, M. (1999). Six minute walking distance in healthy elderly subjects. European Respiratory Journal , 14(2), 270-274. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10515400/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10515400/
—Blackwell, T., Yaffe, K., Laffan, A., et al. (2014). Associations of objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality with subsequent cognitive decline in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS Sleep Study. Sleep . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4044750/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4044750/
—Mander, B. A., Winer, J. R., & Walker, M. P. (2017). Sleep and human aging. Neuron . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5810920/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5810920/
—Spira, A. P., Covinsky, K., Rebok, G. W., et al. (2012). Poor sleep quality and functional decline in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3375617/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3375617/
—National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557974/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557974/
—Makizako, H., et al. (2015). Social frailty in community-dwelling older adults as a risk factor for disability. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26482055/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26482055/
—Bunt, S., et al. (2017). Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review. European Journal of Ageing . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587459/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5587459/
—Mehrabi, F., et al. (2024). The temporal sequence and reciprocal relationships of frailty, social isolation and loneliness in older adults across 21 years. Age and Ageing . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11447375/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11447375/
—Kastner, M., et al. (2024). Interventions that have potential to help older adults living with social frailty: a systematic scoping review. BMC Geriatrics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11179268/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11179268/
—Goto, T., et al. (2024). Social frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality and functional disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10858956/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10858956/
—Makizako, H., et al. (2018). Social frailty leads to the development of physical frailty among physically non-frail adults: a four-year follow-up longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5877035/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5877035/
—Zhang, X.-M., et al. (2023). The prevalence of social frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36402197/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36402197/
—Webber, M., et al. (2025). The conceptualisation and measurement of social frailty in older people: an umbrella review. The Journal of Frailty & Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12702443/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12702443/
—Shankar, A., et al. (2017). Social isolation and loneliness: prospective associations with functional status in older adults. Health Psychology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27786518/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27786518/
—Perissinotto, C. M., et al. (2012). Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Archives of Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4383762/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4383762/
—Lyu, C., et al. (2024). Social isolation changes and long-term outcomes among older adults. JAMA Network Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11270134/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11270134/
—Philip, K. E. J., et al. (2020). Social isolation, loneliness and physical performance in older-adults: fixed effects analyses of a cohort study. Scientific Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7431531/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7431531/
—Ong, A. D., et al. (2016). Loneliness and health in older adults: a mini-review and synthesis. Gerontology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6162046/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6162046/
—Doan, T.-N., et al. (2022). “Prevalence and methods for assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of Clinical Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104951/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9104951/
—Molfenter, S. M., et al. (2019). “Volumetric changes to the pharynx in healthy aging: consequence for pharyngeal swallow mechanics and function.” Dysphagia . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6344328/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6344328/
—Speyer, R., et al. (2022). “White paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders: screening and non-instrumental assessment for dysphagia in adults.” Dysphagia . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10283-7——https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10283-7
—Yoshimatsu, Y., et al. (2022). “The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia in older persons: a systematic review.” European Geriatric Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9409622/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9409622/
—Muhle, P., et al. (2015). “Age-related changes in swallowing: physiology and pathophysiology.” Der Nervenarzt . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25833400/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25833400/
—Zhao, W. T., et al. (2018). “Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between sarcopenia and dysphagia.” The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30272106/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30272106/
—Banda, K. J., et al. (2022). “Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and risk of pneumonia, malnutrition, and mortality in adults aged 60 years and older: a meta-analysis.” Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34903688/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34903688/
—Pinto, J. M., Wroblewski, K. E., Kern, D. W., Schumm, L. P., & McClintock, M. K. (2014). Olfactory dysfunction predicts 5-year mortality in older adults. PLOS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4182669/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4182669/
—Bothwell, A. R., Resnick, S. M., Ferrucci, L., & Tian, Q. (2023). Associations of olfactory function with brain structural and functional outcomes: a systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37913831/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37913831/
—Yuan, Y., Chamberlin, K. W., Li, C., et al. (2024). Olfaction and mobility in older adults. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2814085——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2814085
—Olofsson, J. K., Ekstrom, I., Larsson, M., & Nordin, S. (2021). Olfaction and aging: a review of the current state of research and future directions. i-Perception . https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20416695211020331——https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20416695211020331
—Bauer, S., Blanar, V., Pospichal, J., & Eglseer, D. (2025). Association between taste disorders and malnutrition in older adults: a scoping review. Nutrition Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12793606/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12793606/
—Correia, C., Lopez, K. J., Wroblewski, K. E., et al. (2016). Global sensory impairment among older adults in the United States. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4808743/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4808743/
—Choi, J. S., Jang, S. S., Kim, J., Hur, K., Ference, E., & Wrobel, B. (2021). Association between olfactory dysfunction and mortality in US adults. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2772028——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2772028
—Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004). Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031310/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031310/
—Austad, S. N. (2016). The geroscience hypothesis: is it possible to change the rate of aging? In Advances in Geroscience . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23246-1_1——https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23246-1_1
—Albrecht, G. L., & Devlieger, P. J. (1999). The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds. Social Science & Medicine , 48(8), 977-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00411-0——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00411-0
—Hutchinson, C., et al. (2022). Do we agree or disagree? A systematic review of the application of preference-based instruments in self and proxy reporting of quality of life in older people. Social Science & Medicine , 305, 115046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115046——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115046
—Schwartz, C. E., Andresen, E. M., Nosek, M. A., & Krahn, G. L. (2007). Response shift theory: important implications for measuring quality of life in people with disability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 88(4), 529-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.032——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.032
—Fellinghauer, B., Reinhardt, J. D., Stucki, G., & Bickenbach, J. (2012). Explaining the disability paradox: a cross-sectional analysis of the Swiss general population. BMC Public Health , 12, 655. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-655——https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-655
—Sprangers, M. A. G., & Schwartz, C. E. (1999). Integrating response shift into health-related quality of life research: a theoretical model. Social Science & Medicine , 48(11), 1507-1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00045-3——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00045-3
—van Loon, A. M., Depla, M. F. I. A., Hertogh, C. M. P. M., Huisman, M., & Kok, A. A. L. (2023). The disability paradox? Trajectories of well-being in older adults with functional decline. Journal of Aging and Health , 35(1-2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221108660——https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221108660
—Retel Helmrich, I. R. A., et al. (2022). Discrepancy between disability and reported well-being after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry , 93(7), 785-796. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-326615——https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-326615
—Köhler, T., & Vanhoutte, B. (2024). Temporary setback or lasting challenge? The impact of transient and persistent functional disability on later-life well-being. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B , 79(11), gbae159. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae159——https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae159
—The WHOQOL Group. (1995). The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science & Medicine , 41(10), 1403-1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K——https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K
—Hospers, L., Dillon, G. A., McLachlan, A. J., et al. (2024). The effect of prescription and over-the-counter medications on core temperature in adults during heat stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11541675/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11541675/
—Kenney, W. L., & Chiu, P. (2001). Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11528342/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11528342/
—Mack, G. W., Weseman, C. A., Langhans, G. W., et al. (1994). Body fluid balance in dehydrated healthy older men: thirst and renal osmoregulation. Journal of Applied Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8045840/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8045840/
—Kenney, W. L., & Munce, T. A. (2003). Invited review: aging and human temperature regulation. Journal of Applied Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14600165/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14600165/
—Meade, R. D., Notley, S. R., Akerman, A. P., et al. (2023). Physiological responses to 9 hours of heat exposure in young and older adults. Part I: Body temperature and hemodynamic regulation. Journal of Applied Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37439239/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37439239/
—Gagnon, D., & Kenny, G. P. (2012). Does sex have an independent effect on thermoeffector responses during exercise in the heat? Journal of Physiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3530110/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3530110/
—Ibrahim, A., Singh, D. K. A., & Shahar, S. (2017). “Timed Up and Go” test: age, gender and cognitive impairment stratified normative values of older adults. PLOS ONE , 12(10), e0185641. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28972994/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28972994/
—Ortega-Bastidas, P., Gómez, B., Aqueveque, P., Luarte-Martínez, S., & Cano-de-la-Cuerda, R. (2023). Instrumented Timed Up and Go test (iTUG)—more than assessing time to predict falls: a systematic review. Sensors , 23(7), 3426. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050485/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37050485/
—Park, S. H. (2018). Tools for assessing fall risk in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research , 30(1), 1-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374345/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374345/
—Bohannon, R. W. (2006). Reference values for the Timed Up and Go test: a descriptive meta-analysis. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy , 29(2), 64-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16914068/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16914068/
—Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., & Fahey, T. (2014). Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics , 14, 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24484314/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24484314/
—Low, D. C., & Walsh, G. S. (2022). The minimal important change for measures of balance and postural control in older adults: a systematic review. Age and Ageing , 51(12), afac284. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36580388/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36580388/
—Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991). The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 39(2), 142-148. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991946/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991946/
—Honvo, G., et al. (2023). Measures of attributes of locomotor capacity in older people: a systematic literature review following the COSMIN methodology. Age and Ageing , 52(Suppl 4), iv44-iv66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37902521/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37902521/
—Jahn, K., et al. (2015). Dizziness and unstable gait in old age: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Deutsches Arzteblatt International . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4498008/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4498008/
—Maheu, M., et al. (2015). The effects of aging on clinical vestibular evaluations. Frontiers in Neurology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4585272/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4585272/
—Semenov, Y. R., et al. (2016). Association between vestibular and cognitive function in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5864155/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5864155/
—Bosmans, J., et al. (2021). Vestibular function in older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Ear and Hearing . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33974775/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33974775/
—Li, Y., et al. (2024). Association between dizziness and future falls and fall-related injuries in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410394/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410394/
—Tighilet, B., & Chabbert, C. (2023). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vestibular ageing. Journal of Clinical Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10487907/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10487907/
—Arshad, Q., & Seemungal, B. M. (2016). Age-related vestibular loss: current understanding and future research directions. Frontiers in Neurology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5165261/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5165261/
—Harun, A., et al. (2016). Understanding the experience of age-related vestibular loss in older individuals: a qualitative study. The Patient . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4925240/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4925240/
—Agrawal, Y., et al. (2009). Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004. Archives of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19468085/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19468085/
—Nagarajan, N., et al. (2022). Vision impairment and cognitive decline among older adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open . https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e047929——https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e047929
—Flaxman, S. R., et al. (2017). Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health . https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5——https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5
—Lam, B. L., et al. (2013). Longitudinal relationships among visual acuity and tasks of everyday life: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3544421/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3544421/
—Tsang, J. Y., et al. (2024). Risk of falls and fractures in individuals with cataract, age-related macular degeneration, or glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10870181/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10870181/
—Christ, S. L., et al. (2014). Longitudinal relationships among visual acuity, daily functional status, and mortality: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. JAMA Ophthalmology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7894742/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7894742/
—Swenor, B. K., et al. (2015). Visual impairment and incident mobility limitations: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25536849/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25536849/
—Erdinest, N., et al. (2021). Vision through healthy aging eyes. Vision . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8544709/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8544709/
—Hou, C., et al. (2022). Bidirectional association between visual impairment and frailty among community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study. BMC Geriatrics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9377125/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9377125/
—Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., et al. (2012). Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6350784/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6350784/
—Salomon, J. A., Vos, T., Hogan, D. R., et al. (2012). Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23245605/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23245605/
—GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. (2018). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6252083/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6252083/
—Hilderink, H. B. M., Plasmans, M. H. D., Snijders, B. E. P., et al. (2016). Accounting for multimorbidity can affect the estimation of the burden of disease: a comparison of approaches. Archives of Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4993005/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4993005/
—Salomon, J. A., Haagsma, J. A., Davis, A., et al. (2015). Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. The Lancet Global Health . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26475018/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26475018/
—GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. (2024). Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11122111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11122111/
—Crimmins, E. M., Zhang, Y., & Saito, Y. (2016). Trends over 4 decades in disability-free life expectancy in the United States. American Journal of Public Health . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4984740/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4984740/
—Burstein, R., Fleming, T., Haagsma, J. A., et al. (2015). Estimating distributions of health state severity for the Global Burden of Disease study. Population Health Metrics . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4650517/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4650517/
—Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23525435/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23525435/
—An, J., Su, Z., & Meng, S. (2024). Effect of aerobic training versus resistance training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in middle-aged to older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38878596/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38878596/
—Stensvold, D., et al. (2020). Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults—the Generation 100 study: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3485——https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3485
—Han, M., et al. (2022). Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: Dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35022163/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35022163/
—Garber, C. E., et al. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21694556/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21694556/
—Rebello, C. J., et al. (2023). Effect of exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Obesity . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36828899/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36828899/
—Garcia, L., et al. (2023). Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: A dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36854652/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36854652/
—Lee, D. H., et al. (2022). Long-term leisure-time physical activity intensity and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective cohort of US adults. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35876019/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35876019/
—Lepeule, J., Laden, F., Dockery, D., & Schwartz, J. (2012). Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality: An extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study from 1974 to 2009. Environmental Health Perspectives , 120(7), 965–970. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104660——https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104660
—Ebenstein, A., Fan, M., Greenstone, M., He, G., & Zhou, M. (2017). New evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China's Huai River Policy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 114(39), 10384–10389. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616784114——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616784114
—Di, Q., Wang, Y., Zanobetti, A., et al. (2017). Air pollution and mortality in the Medicare population. New England Journal of Medicine , 376, 2513–2522. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702747——https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702747
—Clancy, L., Goodman, P., Sinclair, H., & Dockery, D. W. (2002). Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: An intervention study. The Lancet , 360(9341), 1210–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11281-5——https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11281-5
—Pope, C. A. III, Ezzati, M., & Dockery, D. W. (2009). Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine , 360, 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0805646——https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0805646
—Brook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C. A. III, et al. (2010). Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation , 121(21), 2331–2378. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1——https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1
—Correia, A. W., Pope, C. A. III, Dockery, D. W., Wang, Y., Ezzati, M., & Dominici, F. (2013). Effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: An analysis of 545 US counties for the period from 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology , 24(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182770237——https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182770237
—Biddinger, K. J., et al. (2022). Association of Habitual Alcohol Intake With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Network Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8956974/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8956974/
—Wood, A. M., et al. (2018). Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29676281/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29676281/
—Rumgay, H., et al. (2021). Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study. The Lancet Oncology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270924/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270924/
—Roerecke, M., et al. (2017). The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29253389/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29253389/
—Zhao, J., et al. (2023). Alcohol consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMC Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37286970/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37286970/
—Zhao, J., et al. (2023). Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. JAMA Network Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10066463/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10066463/
—GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators. (2022). Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. The Lancet . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9289789/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9289789/
—Topiwala, A., et al. (2017). Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28588063/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28588063/
—Mansfield, A. et al. "Does perturbation-based balance training prevent falls? Systematic review and meta-analysis of preliminary randomized controlled trials." Physical Therapy (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25524873/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25524873/
—Montero-Odasso, M. et al. "World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative." Age and Ageing (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36178003/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36178003/
—Lusardi, M. M. et al. "Determining Risk of Falls in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Using Posttest Probability." Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27537070/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27537070/
—Sherrington, C. et al. "Evidence on physical activity and falls prevention for people aged 65+ years: systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33239019/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33239019/
—Sherrington, C. et al. "Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017). https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/24/1750——https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/24/1750
—Hopewell, S. et al. "Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30035305/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30035305/
—SPRINT Research Group. (2021). Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34010531/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34010531/
—Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. (2021). Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34461040/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34461040/
—SPRINT MIND Investigators for the SPRINT Research Group. (2019). Effect of intensive vs standard blood pressure control on probable dementia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30688979/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30688979/
—ACCORD Study Group. (2010). Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20228401/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20228401/
—Zhang, W., et al. (2021). Trial of intensive blood-pressure control in older patients with hypertension. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34491661/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34491661/
—Ji, H., et al. (2021). Association of cumulative systolic blood pressure with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and healthy longevity: findings from the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project cohorts. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33342241/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33342241/
—Muntner, P., et al. (2019). Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30827125/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30827125/
—Ettehad, D., et al. (2016). Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26724178/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26724178/
—Beckett, N. S., et al. (2008). Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18378519/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18378519/
—SPRINT Research Group. (2015). A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26551272/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26551272/
—Kerr, J. et al. "Acute Glucoregulatory and Vascular Outcomes of Three Strategies for Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot, Laboratory-Based, Randomized, Controlled, 4-Condition, 4-Period Crossover Trial." PLoS ONE (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29190761/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29190761/
—Dunstan, D. W. et al. "Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting Reduces Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses." Diabetes Care (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22374636/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22374636/
—Yates, T. et al. "Metabolic Effects of Breaking Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Light Walking in Older South Asians and White Europeans: A Randomized Acute Study." The Journals of Gerontology: Series A (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30403772/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30403772/
—Duran, A. T. et al. "Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting to Improve Cardiometabolic Risk: Dose-Response Analysis of a Randomized Crossover Trial." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728338/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728338/
—Peddie, M. C. et al. "The Effects of Prolonged Sitting, Prolonged Standing, and Activity Breaks on Vascular Function, and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses: A Randomised Crossover Trial." PLoS ONE (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33395691/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33395691/
—Colman, R. J., et al. (2009). Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19590001/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19590001/
—Racette, S. B., et al. (2016). Safety of two-year caloric restriction in non-obese healthy individuals. Oncotarget . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4991370/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4991370/
—Liao, C.-Y., Rikke, B. A., Johnson, T. E., Diaz, V., & Nelson, J. F. (2010). Genetic variation in the murine lifespan response to dietary restriction: from life extension to life shortening. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19878144/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19878144/
—Ravussin, E., et al. (2015). A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187233/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187233/
—Mattison, J. A., et al. (2012). Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22932268/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22932268/
—Redman, L. M., et al. (2018). Metabolic slowing and reduced oxidative damage with sustained caloric restriction supports the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of aging. Cell Metabolism . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5886711/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5886711/
—Fontana, L., & Partridge, L. (2015). Promoting health and longevity through diet: from model organisms to humans. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25815989/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25815989/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2023). Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial. Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00357-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00357-y
—Dorling, J. L., et al. (2021). Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2. Nutrition Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32940695/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32940695/
—Mattison, J. A., et al. (2017). Caloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys. Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14063——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14063
—Bretthauer, M., et al. (2022). Effect of colonoscopy screening on risks of colorectal cancer and related death. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36214590/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36214590/
—Miller, E. A., et al. (2019). Effect of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: long-term follow-up of the randomised US PLCO cancer screening trial. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30502933/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30502933/
—National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. (2011). Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714641/
—de Vos, I. I., et al. (2025). European Study of Prostate Cancer Screening: 23-year follow-up. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41160819/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41160819/
—Miller, A. B., et al. (2014). Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24519768/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24519768/
—Hubbell, E., et al. (2019). All-cause mortality versus cancer-specific mortality as outcome in cancer screening trials: a review and modeling study. Cancer Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422585/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31422585/
—Schoenborn, N. L., et al. (2018). Influence of age, health, and function on cancer screening in older adults with limited life expectancy. Journal of General Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30402822/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30402822/
—Bretthauer, M., et al. (2023). Estimated lifetime gained with cancer screening tests: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37639247/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37639247/
—de Koning, H. J., et al. (2020). Reduced lung-cancer mortality with volume CT screening in a randomized trial. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31995683/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31995683/
—Kaltenbach, T., et al. (2024). Cancer stage compared with mortality as end points in randomized clinical trials of cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583868/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583868/
—Hammill, B. G., et al. (2010). Relationship between cardiac rehabilitation and long-term risks of death and myocardial infarction among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20026778/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20026778/
—Molloy, C., et al. (2024). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38451843/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38451843/
—Dibben, G. O., et al. (2023). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. European Heart Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36746187/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36746187/
—Dalal, H. M., et al. (2010). Home based versus centre based cardiac rehabilitation: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20085991/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20085991/
—West, R. R., Jones, D. A., & Henderson, A. H. (2012). Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction trial (RAMIT): Multi-centre randomised controlled trial of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation in patients following acute myocardial infarction. Heart . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22194152/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22194152/
—Dibben, G., et al. (2021). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34741536/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34741536/
—Brown, T. M., et al. (2024). Core components of cardiac rehabilitation programs: 2024 update. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39315436/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39315436/
—Wu, G., et al. (2022). The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Heart . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36578919/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36578919/
—Harwood, R. H., et al. (2005). Falls and health status in elderly women following first eye cataract surgery: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Ophthalmology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15615747/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15615747/
—de Silva, S. R., et al. (2014). Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens for age-related cataract. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24474622/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24474622/
—Lee, C. S., et al. (2022). Association between cataract extraction and development of dementia. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34870676/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34870676/
—Pershing, S., et al. (2020). Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in the United States: a report from the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry, 2013–2017. Ophthalmology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611015/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611015/
—Ritterband, L. M., et al. (2025). A randomized controlled trial of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia for older adults. npj Digital Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40681664/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40681664/
—Lovato, N., et al. (2014). Evaluation of a brief treatment program of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in older adults. Sleep . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24470701/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24470701/
—Trauer, J. M., et al. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054060/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054060/
—Irwin, M. R., et al. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy and tai chi reverse cellular and genomic markers of inflammation in late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Biological Psychiatry . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25748580/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25748580/
—McCurry, S. M., et al. (2021). Effect of telephone cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults with osteoarthritis pain: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33616613/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33616613/
—Siengsukon, C. F., et al. (2026). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on cognitive performance and amyloid beta in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's & Dementia . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42298279/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42298279/
—Irwin, M. R., et al. (2022). Prevention of incident and recurrent major depression in older adults with insomnia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34817561/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34817561/
—Irwin, M. R., et al. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs. Tai Chi for late life insomnia and inflammatory risk: a randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial. Sleep . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142571/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142571/
—Sivertsen, B., et al. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs zopiclone for treatment of chronic primary insomnia in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16804151/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16804151/
—Coe, N. B., et al. (2026). Impact of cognitive training on claims-based diagnosed dementia over 20 years: evidence from the ACTIVE study. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions . https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70197——https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70197
—Lampit, A., Hallock, H., & Valenzuela, M. (2014). Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effect modifiers. PLOS Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756——https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756
—Gates, N. J., et al. (2019). Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30864187/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30864187/
—Kelly, M. E., et al. (2014). The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607830/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607830/
—Rebok, G. W., et al. (2014). Ten-year effects of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4055506/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4055506/
—Edwards, J. D., et al. (2017). Speed of processing training results in lower risk of dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29201994/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29201994/
—Prokopidis, K., et al. (2023). Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35984306/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35984306/
—Marshall, S., et al. (2026). Creatine and cognition in aging: A systematic review of evidence in older adults. Nutrition Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40971619/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40971619/
—Sales, L. P., et al. (2020). Creatine supplementation (3 g/d) and bone health in older women: A 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31257405/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31257405/
—Forbes, S. C., et al. (2021). Meta-analysis examining the importance of creatine ingestion strategies on lean tissue mass and strength in older adults. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199420/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199420/
—Lobo, D. M., et al. (2015). Effects of long-term low-dose dietary creatine supplementation in older women. Experimental Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192975/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192975/
—Candow, D. G., et al. (2021). Efficacy of creatine supplementation and resistance training on area and density of bone and muscle in older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107512/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34107512/
—Bonilla, D. A., et al. (2021). Metabolic basis of creatine in health and disease: A bioinformatics-assisted review. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572884/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33572884/
—Kabiri Naeini, E., et al. (2025). Effect of creatine supplementation on kidney function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41199218/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41199218/
—Tangney, C. C., et al. (2014). Relation of DASH- and Mediterranean-like dietary patterns to cognitive decline in older persons. Neurology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4206157/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4206157/
—Sacks, F. M., et al. (2001). Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11136953/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11136953/
—Blumenthal, J. A., et al. (2019). Lifestyle and neurocognition in older adults with cognitive impairments: A randomized trial. Neurology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340382/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6340382/
—Appel, L. J., et al. (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9099655/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9099655/
—Soltani, S., et al. (2020). Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutrition Journal . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7178992/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7178992/
—Filippou, C. D., et al. (2020). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with and without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Advances in Nutrition . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7490167/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7490167/
—Berendsen, A. A. M., et al. (2017). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, Cognitive Function, and Cognitive Decline in American Older Women. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28108204/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28108204/
—Bensaaud, A., et al. (2025). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40326569/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40326569/
—Chiavaroli, L., et al. (2019). DASH Dietary Pattern and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30764511/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30764511/
—Unutzer, J., et al. (2002). Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12472325/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12472325/
—Hunkeler, E. M., et al. (2006). Long term outcomes from the IMPACT randomised trial for depressed elderly patients in primary care. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428253/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428253/
—Kim, J.-M., et al. (2018). Effect of escitalopram vs placebo treatment for depression on long-term cardiac outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2688569——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2688569
—Brain, J., et al. (2025). Temporal dynamics in the association between depression and dementia: an umbrella review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40687743/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40687743/
—Cuijpers, P., et al. (2026). Psychological treatment of depression in older adults: a network meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41991348/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41991348/
—Gallo, J. J., et al. (2013). Long term effect of depression care management on mortality in older adults: follow-up of cluster randomized clinical trial in primary care. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23738992/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23738992/
—Mallery, L., et al. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis of second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of older adults with depression: questionable benefit and considerations for frailty. BMC Geriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31718566/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31718566/
—Wassink-Vossen, S., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of late-life depression interventions on functional limitations: a systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35142015/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35142015/
—Berkman, L. F., et al. (2003). Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the ENRICHD randomized trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813116/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813116/
—Ainsworth, N. J., et al. (2024). Cognitive outcomes after antidepressant pharmacotherapy for late-life depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38321915/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38321915/
—Uusitupa, M., et al. (2009). Ten-year mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: secondary analysis of the randomized trial. PLoS ONE . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19479072/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19479072/
—Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11832527/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11832527/
—Goldberg, R. B., et al. (2022). Effects of long-term metformin and lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and its Outcome Study. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35603600/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35603600/
—Knowler, W. C., et al. (2025). Long-term effects and effect heterogeneity of lifestyle and metformin interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence over 21 years in the US Diabetes Prevention Program randomised clinical trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40311647/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40311647/
—Lee, C. G., et al. (2021). Effect of metformin and lifestyle interventions on mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34697033/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34697033/
—Gong, Q., et al. (2019). Morbidity and mortality after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance: 30-year results of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31036503/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31036503/
—Haw, J. S., et al. (2017). Long-term sustainability of diabetes prevention approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114778/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114778/
—Tuomilehto, J., et al. (2001). Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11333990/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11333990/
—Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (2015). Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377054/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377054/
—Vinelli, V., et al. (2022). Effects of dietary fibers on short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35807739/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35807739/
—Fu, L., et al. (2022). Associations between dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular risk factors: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36172520/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36172520/
—Reynolds, A., et al. (2019). Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638909/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30638909/
—So, D., et al. (2018). Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757343/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757343/
—Park, Y., et al. (2011). Dietary fiber intake and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Archives of Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3513325/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3513325/
—Ramezani, F., et al. (2024). Dietary fiber intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38011755/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38011755/
—Jones, J. M. (2013). Dietary fiber future directions: integrating new definitions and findings to inform nutrition research and communication. Advances in Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23319118/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23319118/
—Valenzuela, P. L. et al. "Effects of physical exercise on physical function in older adults in residential care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37182530/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37182530/
—Zhao, W. et al. "Effect of physical activity on the risk of frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36454790/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36454790/
—Etayo-Urtasun, P. et al. "Effectiveness of post-discharge exercise interventions in older adults following acute hospitalisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis." The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40754363/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40754363/
—Eidam, A. et al. "Interventions to prevent the onset of frailty in adults aged 60 and older (PRAE-Frail): a systematic review and network meta-analysis." European Geriatric Medicine (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39060779/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39060779/
—Yang, X. et al. "Effects of multicomponent exercise on frailty status and physical function in frail older adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review." Experimental Gerontology (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39426607/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39426607/
—Clegg, A. et al. "Frailty in elderly people." The Lancet (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23395245/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23395245/
—Tarazona-Santabalbina, F. J. et al. "A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26947059/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26947059/
—Valenzuela, P. L. et al. "Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalised older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Ageing Research Reviews (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330558/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330558/
—Hartley, P. et al. "Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36355032/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36355032/
—Bohannon, R. W. et al. "Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults." Clinical Interventions in Aging (2019). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/CIA.S194543——https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/CIA.S194543
—Rantanen, T. et al. "Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability." JAMA (1999). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/190348——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/190348
—Yeo, B. S. H., et al. (2023). Association of hearing aids and cochlear implants with cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469314/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469314/
—Reed, N. S., et al. (2025). Hearing intervention, social isolation, and loneliness: a secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354063/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354063/
—Deal, J. A., et al. (2017). Hearing impairment and incident dementia and cognitive decline in older adults: the Health ABC Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071780/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071780/
—Sanders, M. E., et al. (2021). The effect of hearing aids on cognitive function: a systematic review. PLOS ONE . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34972121/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34972121/
—Lin, F. R., et al. (2011). Hearing loss and incident dementia. Archives of Neurology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320988/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320988/
—Wayne, R. V., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2015). A review of causal mechanisms underlying the link between age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25625860/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25625860/
—Maharani, A., et al. (2024). Does social isolation mediate the association between hearing loss and cognition in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38292910/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38292910/
—MacInnis, M. J., & Gibala, M. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. The Journal of Physiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5407969/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5407969/
—Edwards, J. J., et al. (2023). High-Intensity Interval Training and Cardiometabolic Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sports Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37204620/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37204620/
—Kodama, S., et al. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: A meta-analysis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454641/
—Stamatakis, E., et al. (2022). Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality. Nature Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9800274/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9800274/
—Stensvold, D., et al. (2020). Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults—the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3485——https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3485
—Wewege, M. A., et al. (2018). High-Intensity Interval Training for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease—Is It Safe? A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Heart Association . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6404189/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6404189/
—Byrne, P., et al. (2022). Evaluating the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and relative and absolute effects of statin treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35285850/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35285850/
—Cannon, C. P., et al. (2015). Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039521/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039521/
—Sabatine, M. S., et al. (2017). Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28304224/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28304224/
—Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. (2024). Effects of statin therapy on diagnoses of new-onset diabetes and worsening glycaemia in large-scale randomised blinded statin trials: an individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38554713/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38554713/
—Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. (2010). Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21067804/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21067804/
—Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. (2022). Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049498/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049498/
—Yourman, L. C., et al. (2021). Evaluation of time to benefit of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 50 to 75 years: a meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196766/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196766/
—Silverman, M. G., et al. (2016). Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27673306/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27673306/
—Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. (2019). Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30712900/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30712900/
—Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaborators. (2012). The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22607822/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22607822/
—Zhou, D., Chen, Z. & Tian, F. "Deprescribing Interventions for Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37582482/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37582482/
—Hoel, R. W., Giddings Connolly, R. M. & Takahashi, P. Y. "Polypharmacy Management in Older Patients." Mayo Clinic Proceedings (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33413822/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33413822/
—Quek, H. W. et al. "The effect of deprescribing interventions on mortality and health outcomes in older people: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39164070/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39164070/
—O'Mahony, D. et al. "STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2." Age and Ageing (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324330/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324330/
—Kua, C. H., Mak, V. S. L. & Huey Lee, S. W. "Health Outcomes of Deprescribing Interventions Among Older Residents in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30655193/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30655193/
—Martin, P. et al. "Effect of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Inappropriate Medication Prescriptions in Older Adults: The D-PRESCRIBE Randomized Clinical Trial." JAMA (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422193/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422193/
—Scott, I. A. et al. "Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing." JAMA Internal Medicine (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798731/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798731/
—Linsky, A. M. et al. "Deprescribing in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." JAMA Network Open (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40338546/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40338546/
—Soltani, S., et al. (2019). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Relation to All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Advances in Nutrition . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6855973/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6855973/
—Trichopoulou, A., et al. (2005). Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-Elderly prospective cohort study. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC557144/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC557144/
—Willett, W. C., et al. (1995). Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7754995/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7754995/
—Estruch, R., et al. (2018). Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29897866/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29897866/
—Urpi-Sarda, M., et al. (2021). The 3-Year Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Inflammatory Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease. Biomedicines . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34440065/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34440065/
—Delgado-Lista, J., et al. (2022). Long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet (CORDIOPREV): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35525255/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35525255/
—Valls-Pedret, C., et al. (2015). Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25961184/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25961184/
—Knight, A., et al. (2016). The Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Function among Healthy Older Adults in a 6-Month Randomised Controlled Trial: The MedLey Study. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27657119/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27657119/
—Shumaker, S. A., et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771112/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771112/
—Cauley, J. A., et al. (2003). Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519707/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519707/
—Manson, J. E., et al. (2017). Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trials. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28898378/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28898378/
—Wassertheil-Smoller, S., et al. (2003). Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771114/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771114/
—Hodis, H. N., et al. (2016). Vascular effects of early versus late postmenopausal treatment with estradiol. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27028912/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27028912/
—Chlebowski, R. T., et al. (2020). Association of menopausal hormone therapy with breast cancer incidence and mortality during long-term follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32721007/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32721007/
—Manson, J. E., et al. (2013). Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women's Health Initiative randomized trials. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084921/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084921/
—Cushman, M., et al. (2004). Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15467059/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15467059/
—Boardman, H. M. P., et al. (2015). Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754617/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754617/
—Harman, S. M., et al. (2014). Arterial imaging outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in recently menopausal women: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069991/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25069991/
—Zhou, Z. et al. "Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants." Diabetologia (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109441/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109441/
—Alberti, K. G. M. M. et al. "Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity." Circulation (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19805654/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19805654/
—Konopka, A. R., et al. (2019). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise training in older adults. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30548390/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30548390/
—Nabrdalik, K., et al. (2022). Gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36187122/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36187122/
—Adler, A. I., et al. (2024). Post-trial monitoring of a randomised controlled trial of intensive glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes extended from 10 years to 24 years (UKPDS 91). The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38772405/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38772405/
—Witham, M. D., et al. (2025). Metformin and physical performance in older people with probable sarcopenia and physical prefrailty or frailty in England (MET-PREVENT): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40147475/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40147475/
—Kulkarni, A. S., et al. (2018). Metformin regulates metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of older adults. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29383869/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29383869/
—UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. (1998). Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9742977/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9742977/
—LaMoia, T. E., and Shulman, G. I. (2021). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin action. Endocrine Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32897388/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32897388/
—Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (2025). Long-term effects and effect heterogeneity of lifestyle and metformin interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence over 21 years in the US Diabetes Prevention Program randomised clinical trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40311647/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40311647/
—Barzilai, N., et al. (2016). Metformin as a tool to target aging. Cell Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27304507/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27304507/
—Campbell, J. M., et al. (2017). Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802803/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802803/
—Walton, R. G., et al. (2019). Metformin blunts muscle hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: The MASTERS trial. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557380/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557380/
—Gnesin, F., et al. (2020). Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501595/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501595/
—Ngandu, T. et al. "A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial." The Lancet (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25771249/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25771249/
—Moll van Charante, E. P. et al. "Effectiveness of a 6-year multidomain vascular care intervention to prevent dementia (preDIVA): a cluster-randomised controlled trial." The Lancet (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27474376/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27474376/
—Liao, X., Shen, J., and Li, M. "Effects of multi-domain intervention on intrinsic capacity in older adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)." Experimental Gerontology (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36736466/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36736466/
—Brodaty, H. et al. "An online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk older adults: a randomized controlled trial." Nature Medicine (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39875685/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39875685/
—Hafdi, M., Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P., and Richard, E. "Multi-domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34748207/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34748207/
—Zülke, A. et al. "A multidomain intervention against cognitive decline in an at-risk-population in Germany: Results from the cluster-randomized AgeWell.de trial." Alzheimer's & Dementia (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37768074/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37768074/
—Dedeyne, L. et al. "Effects of multi-domain interventions in (pre)frail elderly on frailty, functional, and cognitive status: a systematic review." Clinical Interventions in Aging (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28579766/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28579766/
—Manson, J. E., et al. (2019). Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415637/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415637/
—Gencer, B., et al. (2021). Effect of long-term marine omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the risk of atrial fibrillation in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34612056/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34612056/
—Harris, W. S., et al. (2021). Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888689/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888689/
—Bhatt, D. L., et al. (2019). Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415628/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415628/
—Abdelhamid, A. S., et al. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32114706/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32114706/
—Nicholls, S. J., et al. (2020). Effect of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids vs corn oil on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk: the STRENGTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33190147/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33190147/
—ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. (2018). Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30146932/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30146932/
—Calder, P. C. (2020). Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid derived specialised pro-resolving mediators: concentrations in humans and the effects of age, sex, disease and increased omega-3 fatty acid intake. Biochimie . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866423/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866423/
—Cao, Y., et al. (2022). Oral care measures for preventing nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36383760/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36383760/
—Salazar, J., et al. (2024). Effect of oral health interventions for dependent older people: a systematic review. Gerodontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37847812/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37847812/
—Peng, J., et al. (2019). The relationship between tooth loss and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and coronary heart disease in the general population: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Bioscience Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530864/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530864/
—Huang, J., et al. (2025). Association between oral health status and frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231179/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40231179/
—Chan, A. K. Y., et al. (2022). Clinical evidence for professionally applied fluoride therapy to prevent and arrest dental caries in older adults: a systematic review. Journal of Dentistry . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36058347/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36058347/
—Hägglund, P., et al. (2020). Effects of domiciliary professional oral care for care-dependent elderly in nursing homes: oral hygiene, gingival bleeding, root caries and nursing staff's oral health knowledge and attitudes. Clinical Interventions in Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32982191/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32982191/
—Sen, S., et al. (2023). Periodontal disease treatment after stroke or transient ischemic attack: the PREMIERS study, a randomized clinical trial. Stroke . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548008/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548008/
—D'Aiuto, F., et al. (2018). Systemic effects of periodontitis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12 month, single-centre, investigator-masked, randomised trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30472992/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30472992/
—Black, D. M., et al. (2006). Effects of continuing or stopping alendronate after 5 years of treatment: the Fracture Intervention Trial Long-term Extension (FLEX). JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17190893/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17190893/
—Saag, K. G., et al. (2017). Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892457/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892457/
—Cummings, S. R., et al. (1998). Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9875874/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9875874/
—Cummings, S. R., et al. (2009). Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19671655/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19671655/
—Johansson, H., et al. (2017). Imminent risk of fracture after fracture. Osteoporosis International . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28028554/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28028554/
—Kendler, D. L., et al. (2018). Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29129436/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29129436/
—Lyles, K. W., et al. (2007). Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17878149/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17878149/
—Wang, Q., et al. (2020). Effectiveness of exercise intervention on fall-related fractures in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32887571/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32887571/
—Black, D. M., et al. (2022). Bisphosphonates and the risk of atypical femur fractures. Bone . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34920168/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34920168/
—Black, D. M., et al. (2007). Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476007/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476007/
—LeBoff, M. S., et al. (2022). The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35478046/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35478046/
—Wu, C. H., et al. (2018). Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Bone . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29555309/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29555309/
—Cosman, F., et al. (2022). Multiple vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation: FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension trials additional post hoc analyses. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36088628/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36088628/
—Tong, T. Y. N., et al. (2019). Risks of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in meat eaters, fish eaters, and vegetarians over 18 years of follow-up: results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31484644/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31484644/
—Wang, T., et al. (2023). Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk in People With or at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37490288/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37490288/
—Neufingerl, N., & Eilander, A. (2022). Nutrient Intake and Status in Adults Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review. Nutrients . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010904/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010904/
—Kim, J., et al. (2024). Plant-based dietary patterns and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38703511/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38703511/
—Abris, G. P., et al. (2024). Cause-specific and all-cause mortalities in vegetarian compared with those in nonvegetarian participants from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39098708/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39098708/
—Termannsen, A.-D., et al. (2022). Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35672940/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35672940/
—Orlich, M. J., et al. (2013). Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23836264/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23836264/
—Kim, H., Caulfield, L. E., & Rebholz, C. M. (2018). Healthy Plant-Based Diets Are Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause Mortality in US Adults. The Journal of Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659968/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659968/
—Clemson, L. et al. "Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2023). https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013258.pub2/full——https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013258.pub2/full
—Pighills, A. C. et al. "Environmental assessment and modification to prevent falls in older people." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21226674/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21226674/
—Keall, M. D. et al. "Home modifications to reduce injuries from falls in the Home Injury Prevention Intervention (HIPI) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial." The Lancet (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25255696/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25255696/
—Cumming, R. G. et al. "Home visits by an occupational therapist for assessment and modification of environmental hazards: a randomized trial of falls prevention." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591231/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591231/
—Bauer, J., et al. (2013). Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23867520/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23867520/
—Tu, D.-Y., et al. (2021). Sarcopenia among the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Healthcare . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34072617/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34072617/
—Song, M., et al. (2016). Association of animal and plant protein intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27479196/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27479196/
—Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group. (2024). KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International . https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/KDIGO-2024-CKD-Guideline.pdf——https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/KDIGO-2024-CKD-Guideline.pdf
—Kurata, H., et al. (2023). Dietary protein intake and all-cause mortality: results from The Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project. BMC Geriatrics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37558986/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37558986/
—Finger, D., et al. (2015). Effects of protein supplementation in older adults undergoing resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355074/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355074/
—Naghshi, S., et al. (2020). Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32699048/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32699048/
—Ardisson Korat, A. V., et al. (2024). Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging—results from the prospective Nurses’ Health Study cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309825/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309825/
—Solon-Biet, S. M., et al. (2014). The ratio of macronutrients, not caloric intake, dictates cardiometabolic health, aging, and longevity in ad libitum-fed mice. Cell Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24606899/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24606899/
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2014). Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1, cancer, and overall mortality in the 65 and younger but not older population. Cell Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24606898/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24606898/
—Dowman, L., et al. (2021). Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094410/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094410/
—McCarthy, B., et al. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10008021/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10008021/
—Rochester, C. L., et al. (2023). Pulmonary rehabilitation for adults with chronic respiratory disease: An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10449064/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10449064/
—Maddocks, M., et al. (2016). Physical frailty and pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a prospective cohort study. Thorax . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5099190/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5099190/
—Puhan, M. A., et al. (2016). Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6463852/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6463852/
—Beauchamp, M. K., et al. (2013). Systematic review of supervised exercise programs after pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with COPD. Chest . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23429931/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23429931/
—Spruit, M. A., et al. (2013). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24127811/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24127811/
—Saxton, R. A., and Sabatini, D. M. (2017). mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28283069/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28283069/
—Stanfield, B., et al. (2026). Exercise and weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) in older adults: RAPA-EX-01 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41985884/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41985884/
—Tedesco-Silva, H., et al. (2019). Safety of everolimus with reduced calcineurin inhibitor exposure in de novo kidney transplants: An analysis from the randomized TRANSFORM study. Transplantation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801548/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801548/
—Kraig, E., et al. (2018). A randomized control trial to establish the feasibility and safety of rapamycin treatment in an older human cohort: Immunological, physical performance, and cognitive effects. Experimental Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29408453/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29408453/
—Mannick, J. B., et al. (2021). Targeting the biology of ageing with mTOR inhibitors to improve immune function in older adults: Phase 2b and phase 3 randomised trials. The Lancet Healthy Longevity . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977284/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977284/
—Moel, M., et al. (2025). Influence of rapamycin on safety and healthspan metrics after one year: PEARL trial results. Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40188830/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40188830/
—Harrison, D. E., et al. (2009). Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587680/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587680/
—Jakobsen, M. U., et al. (2009). Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19211817/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19211817/
—Wang, D. D., et al. (2016). Association of specific dietary fats with total and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27379574/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27379574/
—Mozaffarian, D., et al. (2010). Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351774/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351774/
—Guasch-Ferré, M., et al. (2019). Associations of monounsaturated fatty acids from plant and animal sources with total and cause-specific mortality in two US prospective cohort studies. Circulation Research . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30689516/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30689516/
—Sacks, F. M., et al. (2017). Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28620111/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28620111/
—Mensink, R. P., et al. (2003). Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12716665/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12716665/
—Ramsden, C. E., et al. (2016). Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73). BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071971/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071971/
—Steen, J. P., et al. (2026). Effect of interventions aimed at reducing or modifying saturated fat intake on cholesterol, mortality, and major cardiovascular events: a risk-stratified systematic review of randomized trials. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41397264/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41397264/
—de Souza, R. J., et al. (2015). Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26268692/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26268692/
—Li, Y., et al. (2015). Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26429077/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26429077/
—Hooper, L., et al. (2020). Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32428300/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32428300/
—Laukkanen, T., et al. (2018). Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study. BMC Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30486813/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30486813/
—Atencio, J. K., et al. (2025). Comparison of thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and immune responses to different passive heat therapy modalities. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332494/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40332494/
—Lee, E., et al. (2022). Effects of regular sauna bathing in conjunction with exercise on cardiovascular function: a multi-arm, randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35785965/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35785965/
—Debray, A., et al. (2023). Finnish sauna bathing and vascular health of adults with coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Applied Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37650138/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37650138/
—Laukkanen, T., et al. (2018). Sauna exposure leads to improved arterial compliance: findings from a non-randomised experimental study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048215/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048215/
—Laukkanen, T., et al. (2015). Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25705824/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25705824/
—Ekelund, U. et al. "Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women." The Lancet (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27475271/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27475271/
—Raffaele, M., and Vinciguerra, M. (2022). The costs and benefits of senotherapeutics for human health. The Lancet Healthy Longevity . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36098323/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36098323/
—Yousefzadeh, M. J., et al. (2018). Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279143/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279143/
—Unity Biotechnology, Inc. (2021). A study to assess the safety and efficacy of a single dose of UBX0101 in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (NCT04129944). ClinicalTrials.gov . https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04129944——https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04129944
—Gonzales, M. M., et al. (2023). Senolytic therapy in mild Alzheimer’s disease: A phase 1 feasibility trial. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37679434/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37679434/
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2019). Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study. EBioMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30616998/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30616998/
—Farr, J. N., et al. (2024). Effects of intermittent senolytic therapy on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956196/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956196/
—Nambiar, A. M., et al. (2023). Senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results of a phase I, single-blind, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial on feasibility and tolerability. EBioMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36857968/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36857968/
—Lane, N., et al. (2021). A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of senolytic molecule UBX0101 in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage . https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(21)00114-X/fulltext——https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(21)00114-X/fulltext
—Hickson, L. J., et al. (2019). Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of dasatinib plus quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease. EBioMedicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31542391/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31542391/
—Gorgoulis, V., et al. (2019). Cellular senescence: Defining a path forward. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31675495/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31675495/
—Zhu, Y., et al. (2015). The Achilles’ heel of senescent cells: From transcriptome to senolytic drugs. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754370/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754370/
—Sánchez-de-la-Torre, M., et al. (2023). Adherence to CPAP treatment and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37787793/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37787793/
—McEvoy, R. D., et al. (2016). CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27571048/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27571048/
—Bratton, D. J., et al. (2015). CPAP vs mandibular advancement devices and blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26624827/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26624827/
—McMillan, A., et al. (2014). Continuous positive airway pressure in older people with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (PREDICT): a 12-month, multicentre, randomised trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25172769/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25172769/
—Richards, K. C., et al. (2020). One year of continuous positive airway pressure adherence improves cognition in older adults with mild apnea and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32108738/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32108738/
—Fava, C., et al. (2014). Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with OSA/hypopnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24077181/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24077181/
—Yaffe, K., et al. (2011). Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828324/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828324/
—Jordan, A. S., et al. (2014). Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23910433/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23910433/
—Martínez-García, M. Á., et al. (2019). The role of CPAP treatment in elderly patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnoea: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164429/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164429/
—Anthonisen, N. R., et al. (2005). The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710956/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710956/
—Cho, E. R., et al. (2024). Smoking cessation and short- and longer-term mortality. NEJM Evidence . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38329816/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38329816/
—Duncan, M. S., et al. (2019). Association of smoking cessation with subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429895/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429895/
—Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, I. (2004). Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213107/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213107/
—Pirie, K., Peto, R., Reeves, G. K., Green, J., & Beral, V. (2013). The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23107252/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23107252/
—Jha, P., et al. (2013). 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343063/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343063/
—Hu, Y., et al. (2018). Smoking cessation, weight change, type 2 diabetes, and mortality. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30110591/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30110591/
—Dugué, P.-A., et al. (2020). Smoking and blood DNA methylation: an epigenome-wide association study and assessment of reversibility. Epigenetics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31552803/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31552803/
—Scanlon, P. D., et al. (2000). Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10673175/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10673175/
—Wang, F., et al. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nature Human Behaviour . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337095/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337095/
—Berkman, L. F., et al. (2003). Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) randomized trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813116/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813116/
—Smith, T. B., et al. (2021). Effects of psychosocial support interventions on survival in inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings: a meta-analysis of 106 randomized controlled trials. PLoS Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34003832/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34003832/
—Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20668659/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20668659/
—Shekelle, P. G., et al. (2024). Interventions to reduce loneliness in community-living older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38200279/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38200279/
—Foster, H. M. E., et al. (2023). Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis. BMC Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37946218/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37946218/
—Hakulinen, C., et al. (2018). Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality: UK Biobank cohort study of 479,054 men and women. Heart . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29588329/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29588329/
—Neal, B., et al. (2021). Effect of salt substitution on cardiovascular events and death. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34459569/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34459569/
—Cook, N. R., et al. (2007). Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17449506/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17449506/
—Ezekowitz, J. A., et al. (2022). Reduction of dietary sodium to less than 100 mmol in heart failure (SODIUM-HF): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35381194/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35381194/
—Adler, A. J., et al. (2014). Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25519688/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25519688/
—O'Donnell, M., et al. (2014). Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25119607/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25119607/
—Huang, L., et al. (2020). Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094151/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094151/
—McLean, R. M., et al. (2019). Comparison of 24-hour urine and 24-hour diet recall for estimating dietary sodium intake in populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31769168/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31769168/
—Cobb, L. K., et al. (2014). Methodological issues in cohort studies that relate sodium intake to cardiovascular disease outcomes: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24515991/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24515991/
—Acosta-Rodríguez, V., et al. (2022). Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35511946/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35511946/
—Liu, D., et al. (2022). Calorie restriction with or without time-restricted eating in weight loss. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35443107/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35443107/
—Iiams, S. E., et al. (2026). Time-restricted feeding extends healthspan in both sexes and lifespan in male C57BL/6J mice. Nature Aging . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42230994/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42230994/
—de Cabo, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2019). Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31881139/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31881139/
—Lowe, D. A., et al. (2020). Effects of time-restricted eating on weight loss and other metabolic parameters in women and men with overweight and obesity: the TREAT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986097/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986097/
—Chaix, A., et al. (2021). Sex- and age-dependent outcomes of 9-hour time-restricted feeding of a Western high-fat high-sucrose diet in C57BL/6J mice. Cell Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34407415/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34407415/
—Manoogian, E. N. C., et al. (2024). Time-restricted eating in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39348690/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39348690/
—Chen, Y.-E., Tsai, H.-L., Tu, Y.-K., & Chen, L.-W. (2026). Effects of timing and eating duration of time restricted eating on metabolic outcomes: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41586347/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41586347/
—Sutton, E. F., et al. (2018). Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes. Cell Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29754952/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29754952/
—Mitchell, S. J., et al. (2019). Daily fasting improves health and survival in male mice independent of diet composition and calories. Cell Metabolism . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30197301/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30197301/
—Andrew, M. K. et al. "Persistent Functional Decline Following Hospitalization with Influenza or Acute Respiratory Illness." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33294986/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33294986/
—Gustafson, C. E. et al. "Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults." Nature Aging (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40813812/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40813812/
—Lal, H. et al. "Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults." New England Journal of Medicine (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25916341/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25916341/
—Bonten, M. J. M. et al. "Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults." New England Journal of Medicine (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25785969/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25785969/
—Addario, A. et al. "Impact of influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal vaccinations on the incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects aged over 65 years: a systematic review." GeroScience (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37269492/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37269492/
—Cunningham, A. L. et al. "Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older." New England Journal of Medicine (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27626517/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27626517/
—Keng, B. M. H. et al. "Trivalent and quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in adults aged 60 and older: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." Age and Ageing (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604619/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38604619/
—Papi, A. et al. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults." New England Journal of Medicine (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36791160/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36791160/
—LeBoff, M. S., et al. (2022). Supplemental vitamin D and incident fractures in midlife and older adults. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939577/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939577/
—Beauchet, O., et al. (2021). Vitamin D supplementation and cognition in adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. CNS Drugs . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34806158/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34806158/
—Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., et al. (2020). Effect of vitamin D supplementation, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, or a strength-training exercise program on clinical outcomes in older adults: The DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170239/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170239/
—Zhang, Y., et al. (2019). Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405892/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405892/
—Manson, J. E., et al. (2019). Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415629/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415629/
—Bouillon, R., et al. (2019). Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: Current evidence and outstanding questions. Endocrine Reviews . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321335/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321335/
—Sanders, K. M., et al. (2010). Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20460620/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20460620/
—Autier, P., et al. (2014). Vitamin D status and ill health: A systematic review. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622671/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622671/
—Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., et al. (2022). Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and a simple home strength exercise program on fall prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35136915/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35136915/
—Gaddey, H. L., & Holder, K. K. (2014). Unintentional weight loss in older adults. American Family Physician . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24784334/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24784334/
—Carlsson, L. M. S., et al. (2020). Life expectancy after bariatric surgery in the Swedish Obese Subjects study. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7580786/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7580786/
—Look AHEAD Research Group. (2013). Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23796131/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23796131/
—Villareal, D. T., et al. (2017). Aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, in dieting obese older adults. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5552187/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5552187/
—Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2015). Intentional weight loss and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLOS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4368053/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4368053/
—Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. (2016). Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27423262/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27423262/
—Look AHEAD Research Group. (2022). Effects of intensive lifestyle intervention on all-cause mortality in older adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: results from the Look AHEAD study. Diabetes Care . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9174966/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9174966/
—Locher, J. L., et al. (2007). Body mass index, weight loss, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2750037/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2750037/
—Ding, B.-S., Nolan, D. J., Butler, J. M., et al. (2010). Inductive angiocrine signals from sinusoidal endothelium are required for liver regeneration. Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3058628/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3058628/
—Johnson, K. E., & Wilgus, T. A. (2014). Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in the regulation of cutaneous wound repair. Advances in Wound Care . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4183920/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4183920/
—Potente, M., Gerhardt, H., & Carmeliet, P. (2011). Basic and therapeutic aspects of angiogenesis. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925313/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925313/
—Rafii, S., Butler, J. M., & Ding, B.-S. (2016). Angiocrine functions of organ-specific endothelial cells. Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4878406/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4878406/
—Marín-Juez, R., Marass, M., Gauvrit, S., et al. (2016). Fast revascularization of the injured area is essential to support zebrafish heart regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5056108/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5056108/
—Matsuo, R., Kishibe, M., Horiuchi, K., et al. (2022). Ninjurin1 deletion in NG2-positive pericytes prevents microvessel maturation and delays wound healing. JID Innovations . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573932/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9573932/
—Howdieshell, T. R., Callaway, D., Webb, W. L., et al. (2001). Antibody neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits wound granulation tissue formation. Journal of Surgical Research . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11266270/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11266270/
—Gurevich, D. B., Severn, C. E., Twomey, C., et al. (2018). Live imaging of wound angiogenesis reveals macrophage orchestrated vessel sprouting and regression. The EMBO Journal . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6028026/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6028026/
—Durant, F., Morokuma, J., Fields, C., Williams, K., Adams, D. S., & Levin, M. (2017). Long-term, stochastic editing of regenerative anatomy via targeting endogenous bioelectric gradients. Biophysical Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28538159/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28538159/
—Ferreira, F., Luxardi, G., Reid, B., & Zhao, M. (2016). Early bioelectric activities mediate redox-modulated regeneration. Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5201032/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5201032/
—Yi, C., Spitters, T. W. G. M., Al-Far, E. A.-D. A., et al. (2021). A calcineurin-mediated scaling mechanism that controls a K + -leak channel to regulate morphogen and growth factor transcription. eLife . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8110307/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8110307/
—Oviedo, N. J., Morokuma, J., Walentek, P., et al. (2010). Long-range neural and gap junction protein-mediated cues control polarity during planarian regeneration. Developmental Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823934/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2823934/
—Zhao, M., Song, B., Pu, J., et al. (2006). Electrical signals control wound healing through phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase-gamma and PTEN. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16871217/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16871217/
—Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Adams, D. S., & Levin, M. (2011). A chemical genetics approach reveals H,K-ATPase-mediated membrane voltage is required for planarian head regeneration. Chemistry & Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3278711/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3278711/
—Adams, D. S., Masi, A., & Levin, M. (2007). H + pump-dependent changes in membrane voltage are an early mechanism necessary and sufficient to induce Xenopus tail regeneration. Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17329365/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17329365/
—Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Lemire, J. M., & Levin, M. (2013). Bioelectric signaling regulates head and organ size during planarian regeneration. Development . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3597208/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3597208/
—Godwin, J. W., Pinto, A. R., Rosenthal, N. A. "Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3677454/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3677454/
—Sandoval-Guzmán, T. et al. "Fundamental differences in dedifferentiation and stem cell recruitment during skeletal muscle regeneration in two salamander species." Cell Stem Cell (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24268695/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24268695/
—McCusker, C. D., Gardiner, D. M. "Positional information is reprogrammed in blastema cells of the regenerating limb of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)." PLoS ONE (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785456/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3785456/
—Josephson, A. M., et al. (2019). Age-related inflammation triggers skeletal stem/progenitor cell dysfunction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6452701/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6452701/
—Lu, C., et al. (2008). Effect of age on vascularization during fracture repair. Journal of Orthopaedic Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846969/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2846969/
—Ambrosi, T. H., et al. (2021). Aged skeletal stem cells generate an inflammatory degenerative niche. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03795-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03795-7
—Zou, N.-Y., et al. (2024). Age-related secretion of grancalcin by macrophages induces skeletal stem/progenitor cell senescence during fracture healing. Bone Research . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41413-023-00309-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41413-023-00309-1
—Clark, D., et al. (2020). Age-related changes to macrophages are detrimental to fracture healing in mice. Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7059136/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7059136/
—Duchamp de Lageneste, O., et al. (2018). Periosteum contains skeletal stem cells with high bone regenerative potential controlled by Periostin. Nature Communications . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03124-z——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03124-z
—Ambrosi, T. H., et al. (2020). Geriatric fragility fractures are associated with a human skeletal stem cell defect. Aging Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7370785/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7370785/
—Eschenhagen, T., Bolli, R., Braun, T., et al. (2017). Cardiomyocyte regeneration: a consensus statement. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28684531/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28684531/
—van Berlo, J. H., Kanisicak, O., Maillet, M., et al. (2014). c-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24805242/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24805242/
—Frangogiannis, N. G. (2017). The extracellular matrix in myocardial injury, repair, and remodeling. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459429/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459429/
—Bergmann, O., Bhardwaj, R. D., Bernard, S., et al. (2009). Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342590/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19342590/
—Puente, B. N., Kimura, W., Muralidhar, S. A., et al. (2014). The oxygen-rich postnatal environment induces cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest through DNA damage response. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24766806/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24766806/
—Chong, J. J. H., Yang, X., Don, C. W., et al. (2014). Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate non-human primate hearts. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24776797/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24776797/
—Bergmann, O., Zdunek, S., Felker, A., et al. (2015). Dynamics of cell generation and turnover in the human heart. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26073943/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26073943/
—Porrello, E. R., Mahmoud, A. I., Simpson, E., et al. (2011). Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/
—Senyo, S. E., Steinhauser, M. L., Pizzimenti, C. L., et al. (2013). Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23222518/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23222518/
—Jebran, A.-F., Seidler, T., Tiburcy, M., et al. (2025). Engineered heart muscle allografts for heart repair in primates and humans. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39880949/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39880949/
—Prabhu, S. D., & Frangogiannis, N. G. (2016). The biological basis for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: from inflammation to fibrosis. Circulation Research . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27340270/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27340270/
—Derks, W., Rode, J., Collin, S., et al. (2025). A latent cardiomyocyte regeneration potential in human heart disease. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569515/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569515/
—Vagnozzi, R. J., Maillet, M., Sargent, M. A., et al. (2020). An acute immune response underlies the benefit of cardiac stem cell therapy. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31775156/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31775156/
—Loeser, R. F. (2009). Aging and osteoarthritis: the role of chondrocyte senescence and aging changes in the cartilage matrix. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19303469/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19303469/
—Jeon, O. H., Kim, C., Laberge, R. M., et al. (2017). Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28436958/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28436958/
—Rikkers, M., Korpershoek, J. V., Levato, R., et al. (2022). The clinical potential of articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells: a systematic review. npj Regenerative Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013329/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013329/
—Singla, M., et al. (2025). Inhibition of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase promotes cartilage regeneration. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41308124/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41308124/
—Caramés, B., Olmer, M., Kiosses, W. B., et al. (2015). The relationship of autophagy defects to cartilage damage during joint aging in a mouse model. Arthritis & Rheumatology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25708836/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25708836/
—Lotz, M., Loeser, R. F. (2012). Effects of aging on articular cartilage homeostasis. Bone . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22487298/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22487298/
—Eltawil, N. M., De Bari, C., Achan, P., et al. (2009). A novel in vivo murine model of cartilage regeneration. Age and strain-dependent outcome after joint surface injury. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19070514/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19070514/
—Ng, J. Q., Jafarov, T. H., Little, C. B., et al. (2023). Loss of Grem1-lineage chondrogenic progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37907525/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37907525/
—Willet, S. G. et al. "Regenerative proliferation of differentiated cells by mTORC1-dependent paligenosis." The EMBO Journal (2018). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5881627/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5881627/
—Tanaka, E. M., Reddien, P. W. "The cellular basis for animal regeneration." Developmental Cell (2011). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3139400/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3139400/
—Jopling, C., Boue, S., Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. "Dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation and reprogramming: three routes to regeneration." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2011). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3043——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm3043
—van Es, J. H. et al. "Dll1-positive secretory progenitor cells revert to stem cells upon crypt damage." Nature Cell Biology (2012). https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb2581——https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb2581
—Rhinn, M., Ritschka, B., Keyes, W. M. "Cellular senescence in development, regeneration and disease." Development (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575608/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31575608/
—Walters, H. E. et al. "Senescent cells enhance newt limb regeneration by promoting muscle dedifferentiation." Aging Cell (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37025070/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37025070/
—Gorgoulis, V. et al. "Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward." Cell (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31675495/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31675495/
—Reddien, P. W. "The cellular and molecular basis for planarian regeneration." Cell (2018). https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30075-8——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30075-8
—Tanaka, E. M. "The molecular and cellular choreography of appendage regeneration." Cell (2016). https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)30207-8——https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)30207-8
—Jadhav, U. et al. "Dynamic Reorganization of Chromatin Accessibility Signatures during Dedifferentiation of Secretory Precursors into Lgr5+ Intestinal Stem Cells." Cell Stem Cell (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28648363/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28648363/
—Hernando-Herraez, I. et al. "Ageing affects DNA methylation drift and transcriptional cell-to-cell variability in mouse muscle stem cells." Nature Communications (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31554804/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31554804/
—Liu, L. et al. "Chromatin modifications as determinants of muscle stem cell quiescence and chronological aging." Cell Reports (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23810552/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23810552/
—Avgustinova, A., Aznar Benitah, S. "Epigenetic control of adult stem cell function." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27405257/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27405257/
—Stewart, S. et al. "A histone demethylase is necessary for regeneration in zebrafish." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19897725/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19897725/
—Yang, B. A. et al. "Three-dimensional chromatin re-organization during muscle stem cell aging." Aging Cell (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36727578/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36727578/
—Wynn, T. A., & Vannella, K. M. (2016). Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. Immunity . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/
—Atala, A., Irvine, D. J., Moses, M., & Shaunak, S. (2010). Wound healing versus regeneration: role of the tissue environment in regenerative medicine. MRS Bulletin . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3826556/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3826556/
—Calve, S., Odelberg, S. J., & Simon, H.-G. (2010). A transitional extracellular matrix instructs cell behavior during muscle regeneration. Developmental Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20478295/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20478295/
—Bonnans, C., Chou, J., & Werb, Z. (2014). Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4316204/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4316204/
—Wang, J., Karra, R., Dickson, A. L., & Poss, K. D. (2013). Fibronectin is deposited by injury-activated epicardial cells and is necessary for zebrafish heart regeneration. Developmental Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3852765/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3852765/
—Frangogiannis, N. G. (2017). The extracellular matrix in myocardial injury, repair, and remodeling. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5409799/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5409799/
—Matsubayashi, Y. (2022). Dynamic movement and turnover of extracellular matrices during tissue development and maintenance. Fly . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9302511/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9302511/
—Wynn, T. A., Vannella, K. M. "Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis." Immunity (2016). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/
—Porrello, E. R. et al. "Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart." Science (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/
—Keyes, B. E. et al. "Nfatc1 orchestrates aging in hair follicle stem cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3870727/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3870727/
—Ge, Y. et al. "The aging skin microenvironment dictates stem cell behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7071859/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7071859/
—Gay, D. et al. "Fgf9 from dermal γδ T cells induces hair follicle neogenesis after wounding." Nature Medicine (2013). https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3181——https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3181
—Morgan, B. A. "The Dermal Papilla: An Instructive Niche for Epithelial Stem and Progenitor Cells in Development and Regeneration of the Hair Follicle." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4066645/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4066645/
—Nakada, Y., Canseco, D. C., Thet, S., et al. (2017). Hypoxia induces heart regeneration in adult mice. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20173——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20173
—Ivan, M., Kondo, K., Yang, H., et al. (2001). HIFalpha targeted for VHL-mediated destruction by proline hydroxylation: implications for O2 sensing. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11292862/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11292862/
—Tsissios, G., Leleu, M., Hu, K., et al. (2026). Species-specific oxygen sensing governs the initiation of vertebrate limb regeneration. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41955383/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41955383/
—Semenza, G. L. (2012). Hypoxia-inducible factors in physiology and medicine. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3437543/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3437543/
—Wan, C., Gilbert, S. R., Wang, Y., et al. (2008). Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha pathway accelerates bone regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184809/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184809/
—Jopling, C., Suñé, G., Faucherre, A., Fabregat, C., & Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. (2012). Hypoxia induces myocardial regeneration in zebrafish. Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23151342/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23151342/
—Kaelin, W. G., Jr., & Ratcliffe, P. J. (2008). Oxygen sensing by metazoans: the central role of the HIF hydroxylase pathway. Molecular Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498744/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498744/
—Albina, J. E., Mastrofrancesco, B., Vessella, J. A., et al. (2001). HIF-1 expression in healing wounds: HIF-1alpha induction in primary inflammatory cells by TNF-alpha. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11698256/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11698256/
—Eming, S. A., Wynn, T. A., Martin, P. "Inflammation and metabolism in tissue repair and regeneration." Science (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28596335/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28596335/
—Tidball, J. G., Villalta, S. A. "Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20219869/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20219869/
—Wang, J. "Neutrophils in tissue injury and repair." Cell and Tissue Research (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29383445/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29383445/
—Godwin, J. W., Pinto, A. R., Rosenthal, N. A. "Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23690624/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23690624/
—Gieseck, R. L. III, Wilson, M. S., Wynn, T. A. "Type 2 immunity in tissue repair and fibrosis." Nature Reviews Immunology (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28853443/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28853443/
—Wynn, T. A., Vannella, K. M. "Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis." Immunity (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26982353/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26982353/
—McArthur, S. et al. "Annexin A1 drives macrophage skewing to accelerate muscle regeneration through AMPK activation." Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015229/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015229/
—Bannenberg, G., Serhan, C. N. "Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the inflammatory response: an update." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708099/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708099/
—Serhan, C. N., Levy, B. D. "Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators." Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757195/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757195/
—Quiros, M. et al. "Resolvin E1 is a pro-repair molecule that promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32300016/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32300016/
—Omrani, O. et al. "IFNγ-Stat1 axis drives aging-associated loss of intestinal tissue homeostasis and regeneration." Nature Communications (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41683-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41683-y
—Kirita, Y., Wu, H., Uchimura, K., et al. (2020). Cell profiling of mouse acute kidney injury reveals conserved cellular responses to injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7355049/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7355049/
—Yang, L., Besschetnova, T. Y., Brooks, C. R., et al. (2010). Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M mediates kidney fibrosis after injury. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20436483/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20436483/
—Aggarwal, S., Grange, J., Mugisho, O. O., et al. (2024). SOX9 switch links regeneration to fibrosis at the single-cell level in mammalian kidneys. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38386758/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38386758/
—Coca, S. G., Singanamala, S., & Parikh, C. R. (2012). Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney International . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3788581/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3788581/
—Humphreys, B. D., Czerniak, S., DiRocco, D. P., et al. (2011). Repair of injured proximal tubule does not involve specialized progenitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21576461/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21576461/
—Kramann, R., Wongboonsin, J., Chang-Panesso, M., et al. (2017). Gli1-positive pericyte loss induces capillary rarefaction and proximal tubular injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27624490/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27624490/
—Kusaba, T., Lalli, M., Kramann, R., et al. (2014). Differentiated kidney epithelial cells repair injured proximal tubule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3910580/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3910580/
—Klocke, J., Kim, S. J., Skopnik, C. M., et al. (2022). Urinary single-cell sequencing captures kidney injury and repair processes in human acute kidney injury. Kidney International . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049643/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049643/
—Borowiak, M., Garratt, A. N., Wüstefeld, T., et al. (2004). Met provides essential signals for liver regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249655/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249655/
—Tsai, J. M., Koh, P. W., Stefanska, A., et al. (2017). Localized hepatic lobular regeneration by central-vein-associated lineage-restricted progenitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28330992/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28330992/
—Cressman, D. E., Greenbaum, L. E., DeAngelis, R. A., et al. (1996). Liver failure and defective hepatocyte regeneration in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8910279/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8910279/
—Yanger, K., Knigin, D., Zong, Y., et al. (2014). Adult hepatocytes are generated by self-duplication rather than stem cell differentiation. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25130492/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25130492/
—Miyaoka, Y., Ebato, K., Kato, H., et al. (2012). Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration. Current Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22658593/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22658593/
—Raven, A., Lu, W.-Y., Man, T. Y., et al. (2017). Cholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration. Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5522613/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5522613/
—Aierken, Y., Kong, L.-X., Li, B., et al. (2020). Liver fibrosis is a major risk factor for liver regeneration: a comparison between healthy and fibrotic liver. Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32481371/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32481371/
—Yamanaka, N., Okamoto, E., Kawamura, E., et al. (1993). Dynamics of normal and injured human liver regeneration after hepatectomy as assessed on the basis of computed tomography and liver function. Hepatology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8392029/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8392029/
—Butler, J. P., Loring, S. H., Patz, S., Tsuda, A., Yablonskiy, D. A., & Mentzer, S. J. (2012). Evidence for adult lung growth in humans. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808959/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808959/
—Barkauskas, C. E., Cronce, M. J., Rackley, C. R., et al. (2013). Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23921127/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23921127/
—Choi, J., Park, J.-E., Tsagkogeorga, G., et al. (2020). Inflammatory signals induce AT2 cell-derived damage-associated transient progenitors that mediate alveolar regeneration. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32750316/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32750316/
—Wang, F., Ting, C., Riemondy, K. A., et al. (2023). Regulation of epithelial transitional states in murine and human pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37768734/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37768734/
—Strunz, M., Simon, L. M., Ansari, M., et al. (2020). Alveolar regeneration through a Krt8+ transitional stem cell state that persists in human lung fibrosis. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32678092/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32678092/
—Godoy, R. S., Cober, N. D., Cook, D. P., et al. (2023). Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of lung microvascular regeneration after targeted endothelial cell ablation. eLife . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37078698/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37078698/
—Adams, T. S., Schupp, J. C., Poli, S., et al. (2020). Single-cell RNA-seq reveals ectopic and aberrant lung-resident cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Science Advances . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32832599/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32832599/
—Zacharias, W. J., Frank, D. B., Zepp, J. A., et al. (2018). Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489752/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489752/
—Nabhan, A. N., Brownfield, D. G., Harbury, P. B., Krasnow, M. A., & Desai, T. J. (2018). Single-cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420258/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420258/
—Kobayashi, Y., Tata, A., Konkimalla, A., et al. (2020). Persistence of a regeneration-associated, transitional alveolar epithelial cell state in pulmonary fibrosis. Nature Cell Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661339/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661339/
—Louie, S. M., Moye, A. L., Wong, I. G., et al. (2022). Progenitor potential of lung epithelial organoid cells in a transplantation model. Cell Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417699/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417699/
—Rowbotham, S. P., Pessina, P., Garcia-de-Alba, C., et al. (2023). Age-associated H3K9me2 loss alters the regenerative equilibrium between murine lung alveolar and bronchiolar progenitors. Developmental Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37977149/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37977149/
—Lavine, K. J. et al. "Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparate patterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in the neonatal and adult heart." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25349429/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25349429/
—Izumi, T. et al. "Vagus-macrophage-hepatocyte link promotes post-injury liver regeneration and whole-body survival through hepatic FoxM1 activation." Nature Communications (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30546054/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30546054/
—Goldman, J. A., Poss, K. D. (2020). “Gene regulatory programmes of tissue regeneration.” Nature Reviews Genetics . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0239-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0239-7
—Percie du Sert, N., et al. (2020). “The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research.” PLOS Biology . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410——https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410
—Wells, J. M., Watt, F. M. (2018). “Diverse mechanisms for endogenous regeneration and repair in mammalian organs.” Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0073-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0073-7
—Hirano, K., Tsuchiya, M., Shiomi, A., et al. (2022). The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 promotes satellite cell function in muscle regeneration. Life Science Alliance . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36446523/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36446523/
—Gregorieff, A., Liu, Y., Inanlou, M. R., Khomchuk, Y., & Wrana, J. L. (2015). Yap-dependent reprogramming of Lgr5-positive stem cells drives intestinal regeneration and cancer. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15382——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15382
—Humphrey, J. D., Dufresne, E. R., & Schwartz, M. A. (2014). Mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4346132/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4346132/
—Elosegui-Artola, A., Andreu, I., Beedle, A. E. M., et al. (2017). Force triggers YAP nuclear entry by regulating transport across nuclear pores. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107331/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29107331/
—Dupont, S., Morsut, L., Aragona, M., et al. (2011). Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21654799/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21654799/
—Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2006). Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923388/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923388/
—Jaalouk, D. E., & Lammerding, J. (2009). Mechanotransduction gone awry. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2668954/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2668954/
—Coste, B., Mathur, J., Schmidt, M., et al. (2010). Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20813920/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20813920/
—Gilbert, P. M., Havenstrite, K. L., Magnusson, K. E. G., et al. (2010). Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture. Science . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2929271/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2929271/
—Silver, J. S., Günay, K. A., Cutler, A. A., et al. (2021). Injury-mediated stiffening persistently activates muscle stem cells through YAP and TAZ mechanotransduction. Science Advances . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7954458/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7954458/
—Panciera, T., Azzolin, L., Cordenonsi, M., & Piccolo, S. (2017). Mechanobiology of YAP and TAZ in physiology and disease. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm.2017.87——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm.2017.87
—Eming, S. A., Wynn, T. A., & Martin, P. (2017). Inflammation and metabolism in tissue repair and regeneration. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28596335/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28596335/
—Meacham, C. E., DeVilbiss, A. W., & Morrison, S. J. (2022). Metabolic regulation of somatic stem cells in vivo. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00462-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00462-1
—Chaves-Perez, A., Millman, S. E., Janaki-Raman, S., et al. (2025). Metabolic adaptations direct cell fate during tissue regeneration. Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12240837/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12240837/
—Rodgers, J. T., King, K. Y., Brett, J. O., et al. (2014). mTORC1 controls the adaptive transition of quiescent stem cells from G0 to G Alert . Nature . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4065227/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4065227/
—Ciuffoli, V., Feng, X., Jiang, K., et al. (2024). Psat1-generated alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamine promote muscle stem cell activation and regeneration. Genes & Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38453480/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38453480/
—Mihaylova, M. M., Cheng, C. W., Cao, A. Q., et al. (2018). Fasting activates fatty acid oxidation to enhance intestinal stem cell function during homeostasis and aging. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29727683/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29727683/
—Wang, X., Menezes, C. J., Jia, Y., et al. (2024). Metabolic inflexibility promotes mitochondrial health during liver regeneration. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38870309/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38870309/
—Schell, J. C., Wisidagama, D. R., Bensard, C., et al. (2017). Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. Nature Cell Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812582/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812582/
—Ryall, J. G., Dell'Orso, S., Derfoul, A., et al. (2015). The NAD + -dependent SIRT1 deacetylase translates a metabolic switch into regulatory epigenetics in skeletal muscle stem cells. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25600643/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25600643/
—Farkas, J. E., & Monaghan, J. R. (2017). A brief history of the study of nerve dependent regeneration. Neurogenesis . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459075/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459075/
—Farkas, J. E., Freitas, P. D., Bryant, D. M., Whited, J. L., & Monaghan, J. R. (2016). Neuregulin-1 signaling is essential for nerve-dependent axolotl limb regeneration. Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27317805/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27317805/
—Lu, Y.-Z., Nayer, B., Singh, S. K., et al. (2024). CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07237-y——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07237-y
—Kumar, A., Godwin, J. W., Gates, P. B., Garza-Garcia, A. A., & Brockes, J. P. (2007). Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975060/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975060/
—Johnston, A. P. W., Yuzwa, S. A., Carr, M. J., et al. (2016). Dedifferentiated Schwann cell precursors secreting paracrine factors are required for regeneration of the mammalian digit tip. Cell Stem Cell . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.002——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.002
—Dolan, C. P., Imholt, F., Yan, M., et al. (2022). Digit specific denervation does not inhibit mouse digit tip regeneration. Developmental Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353991/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353991/
—Satoh, A., Gardiner, D. M., Bryant, S. V., & Endo, T. (2007). Nerve-induced ectopic limb blastemas in the axolotl are equivalent to amputation-induced blastemas. Developmental Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17959163/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17959163/
—Maita, K. C., Garcia, J. P., Avila, F. R., et al. (2023). Evaluation of the aging effect on peripheral nerve regeneration: A systematic review. Journal of Surgical Research . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37060859/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37060859/
—Wells, K. M., Kelley, K., Baumel, M., Vieira, W. A., & McCusker, C. D. (2021). Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate. eLife . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779399/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779399/
—Subramanian, A., Sidhom, E.-H., Emani, M., et al. (2019). Single cell census of human kidney organoids shows reproducibility and diminished off-target cells after transplantation. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31784515/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31784515/
—Sugimoto, S., Ohta, Y., Fujii, M., et al. (2018). Reconstruction of the human colon epithelium in vivo. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29290616/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29290616/
—Takebe, T., Sekine, K., Enomura, M., et al. (2013). Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23823721/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23823721/
—Sachs, N., Papaspyropoulos, A., Zomer-van Ommen, D. D., et al. (2019). Long-term expanding human airway organoids for disease modeling. The EMBO Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30643021/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30643021/
—Homan, K. A., Gupta, N., Kroll, K. T., et al. (2019). Flow-enhanced vascularization and maturation of kidney organoids in vitro. Nature Methods . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30742039/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30742039/
—Yui, S., Azzolin, L., Maimets, M., et al. (2018). YAP/TAZ-dependent reprogramming of colonic epithelium links ECM remodeling to tissue regeneration. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249464/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249464/
—Huch, M., Gehart, H., van Boxtel, R., et al. (2015). Long-term culture of genome-stable bipotent stem cells from adult human liver. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533785/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533785/
—Wu, H., Uchimura, K., Donnelly, E. L., Kirita, Y., Morris, S. A., & Humphreys, B. D. (2018). Comparative analysis and refinement of human PSC-derived kidney organoid differentiation with single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30449713/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30449713/
—Spence, J. R., Mayhew, C. N., Rankin, S. A., et al. (2011). Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into intestinal tissue in vitro. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151107/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151107/
—Phipson, B., Er, P. X., Combes, A. N., et al. (2019). Evaluation of variability in human kidney organoids. Nature Methods . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573816/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573816/
—Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., et al. (2009). Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329995/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329995/
—Gjorevski, N., Sachs, N., Manfrin, A., et al. (2016). Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27851739/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27851739/
—Otsuki, L., Tanaka, E. M. "Positional Memory in Vertebrate Regeneration: A Century's Insights from the Salamander Limb." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (2022). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9248832/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9248832/
—Autumn, M. et al. "Growth patterns of caudal fin rays are informed by both external signals from the regenerating organ and remembered identity autonomous to the local tissue." Developmental Biology (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029570/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029570/
—Witchley, J. N. et al. "Muscle Cells Provide Instructions for Planarian Regeneration." Cell Reports (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4101538/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4101538/
—Yoshioka, K. et al. "Hoxa10 mediates positional memory to govern stem cell function in adult skeletal muscle." Science Advances (2021). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8189581/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8189581/
—Subramanian, A. et al. "Tig1 regulates proximo-distal identity during salamander limb regeneration." Nature Communications (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28755-1——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28755-1
—Nachtrab, G. et al. "Transcriptional components of anteroposterior positional information during zebrafish fin regeneration." Development (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3754474/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3754474/
—Nacu, E. et al. "Connective tissue cells, but not muscle cells, are involved in establishing the proximo-distal outcome of limb regeneration in the axolotl." Development (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23293283/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23293283/
—Ge, Y., Fuchs, E. "Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer." Nature Reviews Genetics (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2018.9——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2018.9
—Wells, J. M., Watt, F. M. "Diverse mechanisms for endogenous regeneration and repair in mammalian organs." Nature (2018). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0073-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0073-7
—Merrell, A. J., Stanger, B. Z. "Adult cell plasticity in vivo: de-differentiation and transdifferentiation are back in style." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2016). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm.2016.24——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm.2016.24
—Brunet, A., Goodell, M. A., Rando, T. A. "Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w
—Yu, F.-X., Zhao, B., & Guan, K.-L. (2015). Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4638384/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4638384/
—Andersson, E. R., Sandberg, R., & Lendahl, U. (2011). Notch signaling: Simplicity in design, versatility in function. Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828089/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828089/
—Zhao, L., Ben-Yair, R., Burns, C. E., & Burns, C. G. (2019). Endocardial Notch signaling promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the regenerating zebrafish heart through Wnt pathway antagonism. Cell Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6366857/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6366857/
—Wehner, D., Cizelsky, W., Vasudevaro, M. D., et al. (2014). Wnt/β-catenin signaling defines organizing centers that orchestrate growth and differentiation of the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin. Cell Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24485658/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24485658/
—Stewart, S., Gomez, A. W., Armstrong, B. E., Henner, A., & Stankunas, K. (2014). Sequential and opposing activities of Wnt and BMP coordinate zebrafish bone regeneration. Cell Reports . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4009375/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4009375/
—Xin, M., Kim, Y., Sutherland, L. B., et al. (2013). Hippo pathway effector Yap promotes cardiac regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3752208/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3752208/
—Nusse, R., & Clevers, H. (2017). Wnt/β-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28575679/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28575679/
—Zhao, L., Borikova, A. L., Ben-Yair, R., et al. (2014). Notch signaling regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3910613/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3910613/
—Conboy, I. M., & Rando, T. A. (2002). The regulation of Notch signaling controls satellite cell activation and cell fate determination in postnatal myogenesis. Developmental Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12361602/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12361602/
—Gregorieff, A., Liu, Y., Inanlou, M. R., Khomchuk, Y., & Wrana, J. L. (2015). Yap-dependent reprogramming of Lgr5-positive stem cells drives intestinal regeneration and cancer. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26503053/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26503053/
—Yimlamai, D., Christodoulou, C., Galli, G. G., et al. (2014). Hippo pathway activity influences liver cell fate. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4136468/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4136468/
—de Lima, S., Koriyama, Y., Kurimoto, T., et al. (2012). Full-length axon regeneration in the adult mouse optic nerve and partial recovery of simple visual behaviors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22615390/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22615390/
—da Cruz, L., Fynes, K., Georgiadis, O., et al. (2018). Phase 1 clinical study of an embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch in age-related macular degeneration. Nature Biotechnology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553577/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553577/
—Mehat, M. S., Sundaram, V., Ripamonti, C., et al. (2018). Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells in macular degeneration. Ophthalmology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29884405/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29884405/
—Ozaki, A., Kawai, A., Akiba, R., et al. (2026). Long-term functional synaptic integration of genome-edited retinal organoids in a primate model of macular degeneration. Molecular Therapy . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42365435/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42365435/
—Santos-Ferreira, T., Llonch, S., Borsch, O., et al. (2016). Retinal transplantation of photoreceptors results in donor-host cytoplasmic exchange. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27701381/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27701381/
—Russell, S., Bennett, J., Wellman, J. A., et al. (2017). Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec in patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28712537/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28712537/
—Hirami, Y., Mandai, M., Sugita, S., et al. (2023). Safety and stable survival of stem-cell-derived retinal organoid for 2 years in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Stem Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38065067/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38065067/
—Sahel, J.-A., Boulanger-Scemama, E., Pagot, C., et al. (2021). Partial recovery of visual function in a blind patient after optogenetic therapy. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34031601/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34031601/
—Jorstad, N. L., Wilken, M. S., Grimes, W. N., et al. (2017). Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28746305/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28746305/
—Pearson, R. A., Barber, A. C., Rizzi, M., et al. (2012). Restoration of vision after transplantation of photoreceptors. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522934/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522934/
—Martins, R. R., Zamzam, M., Tracey-White, D., et al. (2022). Müller glia maintain their regenerative potential despite degeneration in the aged zebrafish retina. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315590/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315590/
—Bjornson, C. R. R., Cheung, T. H., Liu, L., et al. (2012). Notch signaling is necessary to maintain quiescence in adult muscle stem cells. Stem Cells . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22045613/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22045613/
—Yamamoto, M., Legendre, N. P., Biswas, A. A., et al. (2018). Loss of MyoD and Myf5 in skeletal muscle stem cells results in altered myogenic programming and failed regeneration. Stem Cell Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29478898/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29478898/
—Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F., Rudnicki, M. A. (2007). Asymmetric self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells in muscle. Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17540178/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17540178/
—Gurevich, D. B., Nguyen, P. D., Siegel, A. L., et al. (2016). Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo. Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27198673/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27198673/
—von Maltzahn, J., Jones, A. E., Parks, R. J., Rudnicki, M. A. (2013). Pax7 is critical for the normal function of satellite cells in adult skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24065826/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24065826/
—Xu, X., Wilschut, K. J., Kouklis, G., et al. (2015). Human satellite cell transplantation and regeneration from diverse skeletal muscles. Stem Cell Reports . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26352798/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26352798/
—Sambasivan, R., Yao, R., Kissenpfennig, A., et al. (2011). Pax7-expressing satellite cells are indispensable for adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Development . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828093/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21828093/
—Poss, K. D. (2010). Nature Reviews Genetics . https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2879——https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2879
—Gurtner, G. C., Werner, S., Barrandon, Y., Longaker, M. T. (2008). Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07039——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07039
—Seifert, A. W., Kiama, S. G., Seifert, M. G., Goheen, J. R., Palmer, T. M., Maden, M. (2012). Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11499——https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11499
—Wynn, T. A., Vannella, K. M. (2016). Immunity . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4794754/
—Larson, B. J., Longaker, M. T., Lorenz, H. P. (2010). Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4229131/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4229131/
—Eming, S. A., Martin, P., Tomic-Canic, M. (2014). Science Translational Medicine . https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337——https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337
—Porrello, E. R., Mahmoud, A. I., Simpson, E., et al. (2011). Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350179/
—Nachtrab, G., Czerwinski, M., Poss, K. D. "Sexually dimorphic fin regeneration in zebrafish controlled by androgen/GSK3 signaling." Current Biology (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22079110/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22079110/
—Ashcroft, G. S. et al. "Topical estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing in aged humans associated with an altered inflammatory response." American Journal of Pathology (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514397/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514397/
—Andrew, T. W. et al. "Sexually dimorphic estrogen sensing in skeletal stem cells controls skeletal regeneration." Nature Communications (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36310174/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36310174/
—Neal, A., Boldrin, L., Morgan, J. E. "The satellite cell in male and female, developing and adult mouse muscle: distinct stem cells for growth and regeneration." PLoS ONE (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22662253/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22662253/
—Ashcroft, G. S., Mills, S. J. "Androgen receptor-mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing." Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12208862/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12208862/
—Brorson, J., Lin, L., Wang, J., et al. (2025). Complementing muscle regeneration—fibro-adipogenic progenitor and macrophage-mediated repair of elderly human skeletal muscle. Nature Communications . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40473693/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40473693/
—Almada, A. E., Wagers, A. J. (2016). Molecular circuitry of stem cell fate in skeletal muscle regeneration, ageing and disease. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26956195/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26956195/
—Fry, C. S., Lee, J. D., Mula, J., et al. (2015). Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25501907/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25501907/
—Stearns-Reider, K. M., D'Amore, A., Beezhold, K., et al. (2017). Aging of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix drives a stem cell fibrogenic conversion. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28371268/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28371268/
—Bernet, J. D., Doles, J. D., Hall, J. K., et al. (2014). p38 MAPK signaling underlies a cell-autonomous loss of stem cell self-renewal in skeletal muscle of aged mice. Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24531379/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24531379/
—Karlsen, A., Soendenbroe, C., Malmgaard-Clausen, N. M., et al. (2020). Preserved capacity for satellite cell proliferation, regeneration, and hypertrophy in the skeletal muscle of healthy elderly men. FASEB Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32167202/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32167202/
—Renault, V., Thornell, L. E., Eriksson, P. O., et al. (2002). Regenerative potential of human skeletal muscle during aging. Aging Cell . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12882343/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12882343/
—Conboy, I. M., Conboy, M. J., Wagers, A. J., et al. (2005). Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment. Nature . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15716955/
—Wang, Y., Wehling-Henricks, M., Welc, S. S., et al. (2019). Aging of the immune system causes reductions in muscle stem cell populations, promotes their shift to a fibrogenic phenotype, and modulates sarcopenia. FASEB Journal . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30130434/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30130434/
—Brunet, A., Goodell, M. A., Rando, T. A. "Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-022-00510-w
—Blair, M. J. et al. "Skin Structure-Function Relationships and the Wound Healing Response to Intrinsic Aging." Advances in Wound Care (2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6985772/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6985772/
—Rittié, L., Fisher, G. J. "Natural and Sun-Induced Aging of Human Skin." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (2015). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292080/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292080/
—Eming, S. A., Martin, P., Tomic-Canic, M. "Wound repair and regeneration: mechanisms, signaling, and translation." Science Translational Medicine (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973620/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973620/
—Sharpe, P. T. "Dental stem cells." Development (2016). https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/143/13/2273/47703/Dental-stem-cells——https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/143/13/2273/47703/Dental-stem-cells
—Scadden, D. T. "The stem cell niche." Nature (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16799783/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16799783/
—Tanaka, E. M., Reddien, P. W. "The cellular basis for animal regeneration." Developmental Cell (2011). https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(11)00250-4——https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(11)00250-4
—Thesleff, I. "Developmental biology and building a tooth." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development (2003). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A16%3A10128048/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A37298522&crl=c&link_origin=starlightlongevity.com——https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A16%3A10128048/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A37298522&crl=c&link_origin=starlightlongevity.com
—Morrison, S. J., Spradling, A. C. "Stem cell niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life." Cell (2008). https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(08)00139-6——https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(08)00139-6
—Willenborg, S., Injarabian, L., Eming, S. A. "Role of Macrophages in Wound Healing." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (2022). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9732901/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9732901/
—Eming, S. A., Martin, P., Tomic-Canic, M. "Wound repair and regeneration: mechanisms, signaling, and translation." Science Translational Medicine (2014). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973620/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973620/
—Gosain, A., DiPietro, L. A. "Aging and wound healing." World Journal of Surgery (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14961191/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14961191/
—Rittié, L., Fisher, G. J. "Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (2015). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292080/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4292080/
—Wilkinson, H. N., Hardman, M. J. "Cellular Senescence in Acute and Chronic Wound Repair." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (2022). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9620855/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9620855/
—Bang, H., Ni, L., and Davis, C. E. (2004). Assessment of blinding in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15020033/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15020033/
—Benedetti, F., Pollo, A., Lopiano, L., Lanotte, M., Vighetti, S., and Rainero, I. (2003). Conscious expectation and unconscious conditioning in analgesic, motor, and hormonal placebo/nocebo responses. Journal of Neuroscience . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12764120/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12764120/
—Hróbjartsson, A., Thomsen, A. S. S., Emanuelsson, F., et al. (2012). Observer bias in randomised clinical trials with binary outcomes: systematic review of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1119——https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1119
—Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., et al. (2008). Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7644/601——https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7644/601
—Golomb, B. A., Erickson, L. C., Koperski, S., Sack, D., Enkin, M., and Howick, J. (2010). What’s in placebos: who knows? Analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20956710/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20956710/
—Cummings, S. R., and Kritchevsky, S. B. (2022). Endpoints for geroscience clinical trials: health outcomes, biomarkers, and biologic age. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/
—Hopewell, S., Chan, A.-W., Collins, G. S., et al. (2025). CONSORT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124——https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124
—Ravussin, E., Redman, L. M., Rochon, J., et al. (2015). A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841173/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841173/
—Boutron, I., Guittet, L., Estellat, C., et al. (2007). Reporting methods of blinding in randomized trials assessing nonpharmacological treatments. PLoS Medicine . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040061——https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040061
—Moustgaard, H., Clayton, G. L., Jones, H. E., et al. (2020). Impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects in randomised clinical trials: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.l6802——https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.l6802
—Andersen, P. K., et al. (2012). Competing risks in epidemiology: possibilities and pitfalls . International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3396320/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3396320/
—Lee, S. J., et al. (2018). The Competing Risk of Death in Longitudinal Geriatric Outcomes . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6367003/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6367003/
—Austin, P. C., et al. (2016). Introduction to the Analysis of Survival Data in the Presence of Competing Risks . Circulation . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26858290/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26858290/
—Berry, S. D., et al. (2010). Competing Risk of Death: An Important Consideration in Studies of Older Adults . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2873048/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2873048/
—Putter, H., et al. (2007). Tutorial in biostatistics: competing risks and multi-state models . Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17031868/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17031868/
—Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk . Journal of the American Statistical Association . https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144——https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144
—Gooley, T. A., et al. (1999). Estimation of failure probabilities in the presence of competing risks: new representations of old estimators . Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10204198/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10204198/
—Koller, M. T., et al. (2012). Competing risks and the clinical community: irrelevance or ignorance? Statistics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3575691/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3575691/
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2016). Frameworks for Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trials of Interventions That Target Fundamental Aging Processes . Journal of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055651/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055651/
—Ferreira-Gonzalez, I., et al. (2007). Methodologic discussions for using and interpreting composite endpoints are limited, but still identify major concerns . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17573977/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17573977/
—Espeland, M. A., et al. (2017). Clinical Trials Targeting Aging and Age-Related Multimorbidity . Journal of Gerontology: Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28364543/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28364543/
—Neumann, J. T., et al. (2022). Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people . Geroscience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9213595/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9213595/
—Barzilai, N., et al. (2018). Journals of Gerontology Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6230116/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6230116/
—Mansournia, M. A., et al. (2017). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j4587——https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j4587
—Hernan, M. A., & Robins, J. M. (2016). American Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4832051/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4832051/
—Benson, K., & Hartz, A. J. (2000). New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10861324/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10861324/
—Cummings, S. R., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2022). GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/
—Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2016). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919——https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919
—Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332——https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332
—van Deudekom, F. J., Postmus, I., van der Ham, D. J., et al. (2017). External validity of randomized controlled trials in older adults, a systematic review. PLOS ONE , 12(3), e0174053. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5367677/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5367677/
—Oakes, J. M., et al. (2023). Investigating and remediating selection bias in geriatrics research: the Selection Bias Toolkit. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9930538/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9930538/
—Zulman, D. M., et al. (2011). Examining the Evidence: A Systematic Review of the Inclusion and Analysis of Older Adults in Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of General Internal Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3138606/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3138606/
—Loudon, K., et al. (2015). The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147——https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147
—Lyall, D. M., et al. (2022). Quantifying bias in psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample. Brain Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150072/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150072/
—Nichols, E., and Hayes-Larson, E. (2024). Common methodological issues in observational epidemiological studies of older adults. BMJ Medicine . https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/4/1/e001332——https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/4/1/e001332
—van Alten, S., et al. (2024). Reweighting UK Biobank corrects for pervasive selection bias due to volunteering. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11076923/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11076923/
—Canevelli, M., et al. (2017). External Validity of Randomized Controlled Trials on Alzheimer's Disease: The Biases of Frailty and Biological Aging. Frontiers in Neurology . https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2017.00628/full——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2017.00628/full
—Ford, I., and Norrie, J. (2016). Pragmatic Trials. The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557339/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557339/
—Rothwell, P. M. (2005). External validity of randomised controlled trials: "To whom do the results of this trial apply?" The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15950722/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15950722/
—Justice JN, et al. Frameworks for proof-of-concept clinical trials of interventions that target fundamental aging processes. Journals of Gerontology A (2018).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/
—National Institute on Aging (NIA): Geroscience and the intersection of aging biology and chronic disease.——https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dab/geroscience-intersection-basic-aging-biology-chronic-disease-and-health
—López-Otín C, et al. The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell (2013).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
—Ioannidis JPA. Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Medicine (2005).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/
—Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (2010).——https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332
—von Elm E, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. PLoS Medicine (2007).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020496/
—Guyatt GH, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ (2008).——https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7650/924
—Page MJ, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (2021).——https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71
—Sterne JA, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ (2016).——https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919
—Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics Notes: The odds ratio. BMJ (1998).——https://www.bmj.com/content/316/7136/989
—Hopewell S, et al. CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts. Lancet (2008).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6398298/
—Justice, J. N., Kritchevsky, S. B., and Ferrucci, L. (2018). Frameworks for proof-of-concept clinical trials of interventions that target fundamental aging processes. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/
—von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., et al. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020496/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020496/
—FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. (2016). BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource. FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/
—Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71——https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71
—Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., et al., editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557996/——https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557996/
—Sterne, J. A. C., Hernan, M. A., Reeves, B. C., et al. (2016). ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919——https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i4919
—Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., et al. (2020). The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLOS Biology . https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410——https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410
—Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/
—Sterne, J. A. C., Savovic, J., Page, M. J., et al. (2019). RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4898——https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4898
—Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., and Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332——https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332
—Sumner, P., et al. (2014). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7015——https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7015
—Chiu, K., Grundy, Q., and Bero, L. (2017). PLOS Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5593172/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5593172/
—Oxman, M., et al. (2021). F1000Research . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8756300/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8756300/
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2018). Journals of Gerontology Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/
—van der Worp, H. B., et al. (2010). PLOS Medicine . https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245——https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245
—Sumner, P., et al. (2016). PLOS ONE . https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168217——https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168217
—Khan, M. S., et al. (2019). JAMA Network Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6503494/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6503494/
—Vail, E. A., et al. (2021). Attention to Immortal Time Bias in Critical Care Research . American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33761299/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33761299/
—Suissa, S. (2008). Immortal time bias in pharmaco-epidemiology . American Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056625/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056625/
—van Walraven, C., et al. (2004). Time-dependent bias was common in survival analyses published in leading clinical journals . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15358395/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15358395/
—Hernán, M. A., et al. (2016). Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5124536/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5124536/
—Hernán, M. A., et al. (2025). A structural description of biases that generate immortal time . Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11598638/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11598638/
—Little, R. J., Cohen, M. L., Dickersin, K., et al. (2012). The design and conduct of clinical trials to limit missing data. Statistics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5944851/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5944851/
—Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Pocock, S. J., Evans, S. J. W., and Altman, D. G. (2012). Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23268518/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23268518/
—Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., et al. (2010). CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2844943/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2844943/
—Rudolph, J. E., Naimi, A. I., Westreich, D., and Kennedy, E. H. (2020). Defining and identifying per-protocol effects in randomized trials. Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400733/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400733/
—Hernan, M. A., and Robins, J. M. (2017). Per-protocol analyses of pragmatic trials. New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMsm1605385——https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMsm1605385
—Kang, M., Kendall, M. A., Ribaudo, H., et al. (2022). Incorporating estimands into clinical trial statistical analysis plans. Clinical Trials . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9232859/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9232859/
—White, I. R., Horton, N. J., Carpenter, J., and Pocock, S. J. (2011). Strategy for intention to treat analysis in randomised trials with missing outcome data. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d40——https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d40
—Loudon, K., Treweek, S., Sullivan, F., Donnan, P., Thorpe, K. E., and Zwarenstein, M. (2015). The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147——https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147
—Cummings, S. R., and Kritchevsky, S. B. (2022). Endpoints for geroscience clinical trials: health outcomes, biomarkers, and biological age. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768060/
—Hoffmann, T. C., Glasziou, P. P., Boutron, I., et al. (2014). Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1687——https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1687
—Kraus, W. E., Bhapkar, M., Huffman, K. M., et al. (2019). 2 years of calorie restriction and cardiometabolic risk: exploratory outcomes of a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31402175/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31402175/
—Hernan, M. A., and Robins, J. M. (2017). Per-protocol analyses of pragmatic trials. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564548/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564548/
—Ravussin, E., Redman, L. M., Rochon, J., et al. (2015). A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5315691/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5315691/
—Chewning, B. (2006). The healthy adherer and the placebo effect. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1488753/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1488753/
—Wolfson, C., et al. (2001). A reevaluation of the duration of survival after the onset of dementia . The New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11297701/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11297701/
—Baker, S. G., et al. (2002). Statistical issues in randomized trials of cancer screening . BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC130026/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC130026/
—Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G. (1993). Advances in diagnostic imaging and overestimations of disease prevalence and the benefits of therapy . The New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199304293281706——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199304293281706
—Duffy, S. W., et al. (2008). Correcting for lead time and length bias in estimating the effect of screen detection on cancer survival . American Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18504245/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18504245/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2015). Quantification of biological aging in young adults. PNAS . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4522793/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4522793/
—Jylhava, J., Pedersen, N. L., & Hagg, S. (2017). Biological age predictors. EBioMedicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514388/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514388/
—Levine, M. E., et al. (2018). An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5940111/
—von Elm, E., et al. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. PLoS Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020495/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020495/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2022). DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. eLife . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8853656/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8853656/
—Belsky, D. W., et al. (2020). Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm. eLife . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32367804/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32367804/
—Collins, G. S., et al. (2015). Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7594——https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7594
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2018). Frameworks for proof-of-concept clinical trials of interventions that target fundamental aging processes. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6523054/
—Ye, B., et al. (2023). Age and Ageing . https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/publications/the-role-of-lifestyle-in-the-association-between-frailty-and-all-cause-mortality-amongst-older-adults-a-mediation-analysis-in-the-uk-biobank/——https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/publications/the-role-of-lifestyle-in-the-association-between-frailty-and-all-cause-mortality-amongst-older-adults-a-mediation-analysis-in-the-uk-biobank/
—Harries, L. W., et al. (2015). Age . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600657/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4600657/
—Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173——https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
—VanderWeele, T. J., & Vansteelandt, S. (2014). Epidemiologic Methods . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4287269/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4287269/
—VanderWeele, T. J., Vansteelandt, S., & Robins, J. M. (2014). Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4214081/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4214081/
—Jiang, R., et al. (2022). Clinical Epigenetics . https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-022-01380-x——https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-022-01380-x
—Lin, S. H., Young, J., Logan, R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2017). Statistics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6242332/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6242332/
—Zhang, X., et al. (2026). npj Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12894700/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12894700/
—Kivimaki, M., et al. (2025). Nature Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12092251/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12092251/
—VanderWeele, T. J., & Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. J. (2017). Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5560424/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5560424/
—von Hippel, P. T. (2015). BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410499/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410499/
—Cornell, J. E., et al. (2014). Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24727843/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24727843/
—IntHout, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Rovers, M. M., & Goeman, J. J. (2016). BMJ Open . https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/7/e010247——https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/7/e010247
—Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., McKenzie, J. E., & Veroniki, A. A. (2024). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions , Chapter 10. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current/chapter-10——https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current/chapter-10
—O'Caoimh, R., et al. (2021). Age and Ageing . https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/50/1/96/5928224——https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/50/1/96/5928224
—Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2002). Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111920/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111920/
—Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/327/7414/557——https://www.bmj.com/content/327/7414/557
—Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111919/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111919/
—Partlett, C., & Riley, R. D. (2017). Statistics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5157768/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5157768/
—Chatfield, M. D., Brayne, C. E., and Matthews, F. E. (2005). A systematic literature review of attrition between waves in longitudinal studies in the elderly shows a consistent pattern of dropout between differing studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649666/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649666/
—Hernandez, R., Jin, H., Lee, P.-J., et al. (2024). Attrition from longitudinal ageing studies and performance across domains of cognitive functioning: an individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ Open . https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e079241——https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e079241
—Sterne, J. A. C., White, I. R., Carlin, J. B., et al. (2009). Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b2393——https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b2393
—Okpara, C., Edokwe, C., Ioannidis, G., et al. (2022). The reporting and handling of missing data in longitudinal studies of older adults is suboptimal: a methodological survey of geriatric journals. BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9040343/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9040343/
—Duchesneau, E. D., Shmuel, S., Faurot, K. R., et al. (2023). Missing data approaches in longitudinal studies of aging: a case example using the National Health and Aging Trends Study. PLOS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249888/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249888/
—White, I. R., Royston, P., and Wood, A. M. (2011). Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Statistics in Medicine . https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.4067——https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.4067
—Little, R. J., D'Agostino, R., Cohen, M. L., et al. (2012). The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials. New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMsr1203730——https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMsr1203730
—Weuve, J., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. J., Glymour, M. M., et al. (2012). Accounting for bias due to selective attrition: the example of smoking and cognitive decline. Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3237815/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3237815/
—Dmitrienko, A., & D’Agostino, R. B. (2013). Traditional multiplicity adjustment methods in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23529248/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23529248/
—Moqri, M., et al. (2024). Validation of biomarkers of aging. Nature Medicine . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02784-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02784-9
—Rothman, K. J. (1990). No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2081237/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2081237/
—Greenland, S., et al. (2016). Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. European Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4877414/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4877414/
—Head, M. L., et al. (2015). The extent and consequences of p-hacking in science. PLOS Biology . https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002106——https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002106
—Nosek, B. A., et al. (2018). The preregistration revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114——https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114
—Li, G., et al. (2017). An introduction to multiplicity issues in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/46/2/746/2622846——https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/46/2/746/2622846
—Menýhárt, O., Weltz, B., & Győrffy, B. (2021). MultipleTesting.com: a tool for life science researchers for multiple hypothesis testing correction. PLOS ONE . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8189492/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8189492/
—Ho, J., Tumkaya, T., Aryal, S., Choi, H., & Claridge-Chang, A. (2019). Moving beyond P values: data analysis with estimation graphics. Nature Methods . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0470-3——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0470-3
—Wasserstein, R. L., Schirm, A. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2019). Moving to a world beyond “p < 0.05”. The American Statistician . https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913——https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913
—Gelman, A., & Stern, H. (2006). The difference between “significant” and “not significant” is not itself statistically significant. The American Statistician . https://doi.org/10.1198/000313006X152649——https://doi.org/10.1198/000313006X152649
—Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2024). Biomarkers of aging and the translational geroscience challenge. Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00615-8——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00615-8
—Sterne, J. A. C., & Smith, G. D. (2001). Sifting the evidence: what’s wrong with significance tests? BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/322/7280/226——https://www.bmj.com/content/322/7280/226
—Goodman, S. N. (2008). A dirty dozen: twelve p-value misconceptions. Seminars in Hematology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582619/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582619/
—Amrhein, V., Greenland, S., & McShane, B. (2019). Scientists rise up against statistical significance. Nature . https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9——https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9
—Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1995). Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/311/7003/485——https://www.bmj.com/content/311/7003/485
—About bioRxiv.——https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv
—About medRxiv.——https://www.medrxiv.org/content/about-medrxiv
—Fraser N, et al. Preprinting a pandemic: the role of preprints in the COVID-19 pandemic. bioRxiv/PLoS Biology context paper (2020).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7081173/
—ASAPbio: Preprint FAQ.——https://asapbio.org/preprint-info/preprint-faq
—Hardwicke, T. E., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2023). Nature Human Behaviour . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01497-2——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01497-2
—Nosek, B. A., et al. (2018). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1708274114——https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1708274114
—DeVito, N. J., et al. (2020). The Lancet . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31958402/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31958402/
—Chambers, C. D., & Tzavella, L. (2022). Nature Human Behaviour . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01193-7——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01193-7
—TARG Meta-Research Group & Collaborators. (2023). BMJ Open . https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/10/e076264——https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/10/e076264
—Soderberg, C. K., et al. (2021). Nature Human Behaviour . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01142-4——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01142-4
—Weston, S. J., et al. (2019). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science . https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2515245919848684——https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2515245919848684
—Higgins-Chen, A. T., et al. (2022). Nature Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00248-2——https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00248-2
—Parish, A., et al. (2025). npj Aging . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-025-00287-0——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-025-00287-0
—Dwan, K., Gamble, C., Williamson, P. R., and Kirkham, J. J. (2013). Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias: an updated review. PLoS ONE . https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066844——https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066844
—Chan, A. W., Hrobjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gotzsche, P. C., and Altman, D. G. (2004). Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles. JAMA . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/198809——https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/198809
—Goldacre, B., et al. (2019). COMPare: a prospective cohort study correcting and monitoring 58 misreported trials in real time. Trials . https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3173-2——https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3173-2
—Hopewell, S., et al. (2025). CONSORT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124——https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124
—Kirkham, J. J., et al. (2018). Outcome reporting bias in trials: a methodological approach for assessment and adjustment in systematic reviews. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3802——https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3802
—Chan, A. W., et al. (2025). SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081660——https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081660
—Kirkham, J. J., et al. (2010). The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews. BMJ . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20156912/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20156912/
—Justice, J. N., et al. (2018). A framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials: report from the TAME Biomarkers Workgroup. GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6294728/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6294728/
—Lopez-Otin, C. et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. Cell . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3836174/
—Dwan, K., Gamble, C., Williamson, P. R., and Kirkham, J. J. (2013). Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. PLOS ONE . https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066844——https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066844
—Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., et al. (2011). Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4002——https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4002
—Sumner, P., Vivian-Griffiths, S., Boivin, J., et al. (2014). The association between exaggeration in health related science news and academic press releases: retrospective observational study. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7015——https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7015
—Loudon, K., et al. (2015). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147——https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2147
—von Elm, E., et al. (2007). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/335/7624/806——https://www.bmj.com/content/335/7624/806
—Guyatt, G. H., et al. (2008). BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2335261/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2335261/
—Barnett, A. G., van der Pols, J. C., & Dobson, A. J. (2005). Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/34/1/215/638499——https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/34/1/215/638499
—Vickers, A. J., & Altman, D. G. (2001). Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/323/7321/1123——https://www.bmj.com/content/323/7321/1123
—Frison, L., & Pocock, S. J. (1992). Repeated measures in clinical trials: analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design. Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1485053/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1485053/
—Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1994). Some examples of regression towards the mean. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/309/6957/780——https://www.bmj.com/content/309/6957/780
—Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (2011). Comparisons within randomised groups can be very misleading. BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d561——https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d561
—Davis, C. E. (1976). The effect of regression to the mean in epidemiologic and clinical studies. American Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/984023/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/984023/
—Tennant, P. W. G., et al. (2022). Analyses of ‘change scores’ do not estimate causal effects in observational data. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/51/5/1604/6294759——https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/51/5/1604/6294759
—Percie du Sert, N., et al. (2020). PLoS Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7610906/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7610906/
—Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). PLoS Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1182327/
—Chambers, C. D., & Tzavella, L. (2022). Nature Human Behaviour . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34782730/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34782730/
—Bell, C. G., et al. (2019). Genome Biology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6876109/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6876109/
—Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008). Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18633328/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18633328/
—Higgins-Chen, A. T., et al. (2022). Nature Aging . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9586209/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9586209/
—Warner, H. R. (2015). GeroScience . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4344944/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4344944/
—Penninkilampi, R., & Eslick, G. D. (2018). CNS Drugs . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926372/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926372/
—Mok, A., et al. (2019). International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7124507/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7124507/
—Pai, H., & Gulliford, M. C. (2022). BMJ Open . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9341213/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9341213/
—Charlton, J., et al. (2018). Journals of Gerontology Series A . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29028914/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29028914/
—Kivimaki, M., et al. (2019). BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6468884/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6468884/
—Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLOS Medicine . https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124——https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
—Egger, M., et al. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2127453/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2127453/
—Freiman, J. A., et al. (1978). The importance of beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized control trial. Survey of 71 "negative" trials. New England Journal of Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/355881/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/355881/
—Nichols, E., and Hayes-Larson, E. (2024). Common methodological issues in observational epidemiological studies of older adults. BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12406907/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12406907/
—Enzenbach, C., Wicklein, B., Wirkner, K., Loeffler, M., and Engel, C. (2019). Evaluating selection bias in a population-based cohort study with low baseline participation: the LIFE-Adult-Study. BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6604357/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6604357/
—van Alten, S., Domingue, B. W., Faul, J., Galama, T., and Marees, A. (2024). Reweighting UK Biobank corrects for pervasive selection bias due to volunteering. International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11076923/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11076923/
—Lyall, D. M., Quinn, T., Lyall, L. M., et al. (2022). Quantifying bias in psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample. Brain Communications . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150072/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150072/
—Hernan, M. A., Hernandez-Diaz, S., and Robins, J. M. (2004). A structural approach to selection bias. Epidemiology . https://journals.lww.com/epidem/abstract/2004/09000/a_structural_approach_to_selection_bias.8.aspx——https://journals.lww.com/epidem/abstract/2004/09000/a_structural_approach_to_selection_bias.8.aspx
—Oakes, J. M., Heeringa, S. G., Colangelo, L. A., et al. (2023). Investigating and remediating selection bias in geriatrics research: the Selection Bias Toolkit. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9930538/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9930538/
—Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2009). BMJ . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2714692/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2714692/
—Patel, C. J., Burford, B., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2015). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4555355/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4555355/
—Simonsohn, U., Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2020). Nature Human Behaviour . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0912-z——https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0912-z
—VanderWeele, T. J., & Ding, P. (2017). Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693043/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693043/
—Lash, T. L., Abrams, B., & Bodnar, L. M. (2014). Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4306386/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4306386/
—Steegen, S., Tuerlinckx, F., Gelman, A., & Vanpaemel, W. (2016). Perspectives on Psychological Science . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27694465/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27694465/
—Cooper, H., et al. (2021). International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109395/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109395/
—Goudy, W. J. (1985). Journal of Gerontology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3989251/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3989251/
—Austin, P. C., & Fine, J. P. (2017). Statistics in Medicine . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5698744/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5698744/
—Greenland, S. (1996). International Journal of Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9027513/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9027513/
—Weuve, J., et al. (2012). Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3237815/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3237815/
—Thabane, L., et al. (2013). BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3720188/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3720188/
—Sun, X., et al. (2012). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1553——https://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1553
—VanderWeele, T. J., & Knol, M. J. (2014). Epidemiologic Methods . https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/em-2013-0005/html——https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/em-2013-0005/html
—Sun, X., Briel, M., Walter, S. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (2010). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c117.long——https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c117.long
—Kent, D. M., Rothwell, P. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Altman, D. G., & Hayward, R. A. (2010). Trials . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2928211/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2928211/
—Hopewell, S., et al. (2025). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124——https://www.bmj.com/content/389/bmj-2024-081124
—Pocock, S. J., Assmann, S. E., Enos, L. E., & Kasten, L. E. (2002). Statistics in Medicine . https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.1296——https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.1296
—Knol, M. J., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2012). International Journal of Epidemiology . https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/41/2/514/692957——https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/41/2/514/692957
—VanderWeele, T. J. (2012). Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4249691/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4249691/
—Royston, P., Altman, D. G., & Sauerbrei, W. (2006). Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16217841/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16217841/
—Brookes, S. T., Whitely, E., Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Mulheran, P. A., & Peters, T. J. (2004). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15066682/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15066682/
—Schandelmaier, S., et al. (2014). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4539——https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4539
—Wang, R., Lagakos, S. W., Ware, J. H., Hunter, D. J., & Drazen, J. M. (2007). New England Journal of Medicine . https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr077003——https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr077003
—Buyse, M., et al. (2000). The validation of surrogate endpoints in meta-analyses of randomized experiments . Biostatistics . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933525/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933525/
—Fleming, T. R., & DeMets, D. L. (1996). Surrogate end points in clinical trials: are we being misled? Annals of Internal Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8815760/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8815760/
—Moqri, M., et al. (2024). Validation of biomarkers of aging . Nature Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38355974/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38355974/
—Cummings, S. R., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2022). Endpoints for geroscience clinical trials: health outcomes, biomarkers, and biologic age . GeroScience . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00671-8——https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00671-8
—Prentice, R. L. (1989). Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: definition and operational criteria . Statistics in Medicine . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2727467/——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2727467/
—Jiang, N., et al. (2025). Deciphering the Timing and Impact of Life-Extending Interventions: Temporal Efficacy Profiler Distinguishes Early, Midlife, and Senescence Phase Efficacies . Nature Communications . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65158-4——https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65158-4
—Hernán, M. A. (2010). The Hazards of Hazard Ratios . Epidemiology . https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3653612/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3653612/
—Royston, P., & Parmar, M. K. B. (2013). Restricted Mean Survival Time: An Alternative to the Hazard Ratio for the Design and Analysis of Randomized Trials with a Time-to-Event Outcome . BMC Medical Research Methodology . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-152——https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-152
—Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations . Journal of the American Statistical Association . https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452——https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452
—Shea, B. J., et al. (2017). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j4008——https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j4008
—Ferrari, R. (2015). Medical Writing . https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329——https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
—Page, M. J., et al. (2021). BMJ . https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71——https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71
—Jylhävä J, Pedersen NL, Hägg S. Biological Age Predictors. Frontiers in Medicine (2018).——https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00061/full
—von Elm E, et al. STROBE statement. PLoS Medicine (2007).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2020496/
—Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement. BMJ (2010).——https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c332
—Collins GS, et al. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). BMJ (2015).——https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g7594
—Wolff RF, et al. PROBAST: A Tool to Assess Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies. BMJ (2019).——https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4898
—Lee JW, et al. Fit-for-purpose method development and validation for successful biomarker measurement. Pharmaceutical Research (2006).——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975285/
—ClinicalTrials.gov.——https://clinicaltrials.gov/
—PubMed (NLM/NCBI).——https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
—Zarin DA, Tse T, et al. The ClinicalTrials.gov results database. New England Journal of Medicine (2011).——https://www.ovid.com/journals/nejm/abstract/00006024-201106020-00038~the-clinicaltrialsgov-results-database
—Fries, J. F. (1980). Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity . New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM198007173030304——https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM198007173030304
—Moqri, M., Herzog, C., Poganik, J. R., et al. (2023). Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions . Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003
—Kennedy, B. K., Berger, S. L., Brunet, A., et al. (2014). Geroscience: Linking aging to chronic disease . Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039——https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039
—Seals, D. R., Justice, J. N., & LaRocca, T. J. (2016). Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity . The Journal of Physiology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4933122/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4933122/
—Crimmins, E. M. (2015). Lifespan and Healthspan: Past, Present, and Promise . The Gerontologist. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4861644/——https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4861644/