Extracellular Matrix
Definition
The extracellular matrix, often abbreviated ECM, is the network of proteins and other molecules outside cells that provides structural support and biochemical signals to tissues. It includes components such as collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and bound growth factors, and it helps regulate tissue stiffness, cell behaviour, repair, and communication between cells and their surroundings. [1] [2] [3]
Why It Matters in Ageing Research
The extracellular matrix matters in ageing because tissues do not age only through changes inside cells. With age, the ECM can become stiffer, more fragmented, more crosslinked, or less able to remodel normally. These changes can affect skin elasticity, blood vessel stiffness, muscle function, wound healing, fibrosis, organ function, and the mechanical signals that cells receive from their local environment. [3] [4] [5]
Common Confusion
- The extracellular matrix is not just passive scaffolding; it also sends signals to cells.
- ECM ageing is not only a skin issue; it affects many tissues and organs.
- Collagen is a major ECM component, but the ECM contains many other molecules and structures.
Related Reading
References
- Hynes, R. O. (2009). The extracellular matrix: Not just pretty fibrils. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19854164/
- Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., & Weaver, V. M. (2010). The extracellular matrix at a glance. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21123617/
- Theocharis, A. D., et al. (2016). Extracellular matrix structure. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26923902/
- Birch, H. L. (2018). Extracellular matrix and ageing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452643/
- Bonnans, C., Chou, J., & Werb, Z. (2014). Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415508/
This glossary entry is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.