Independent public reference library

Starlight Longevity

Ageing biology, biomarkers, interventions, and research literacy.

Oxidative Stress

Definition

Oxidative stress is a state in which reactive molecules, especially reactive oxygen species, overwhelm or disrupt the systems that normally control them. It can involve excess oxidant production, weakened antioxidant and repair systems, or disturbed redox signalling. The result can be damage to DNA, proteins, lipids, and other cellular components, as well as changes in normal cell communication. [1] [2] [3]

Why It Matters in Ageing Research

Oxidative stress matters in ageing research because oxidative damage and redox signalling are connected to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and many age-related diseases. Earlier theories often framed oxidative stress mainly as accumulated damage from free radicals, while modern research also emphasizes that reactive oxygen species can have useful signalling roles when kept within a controlled range. [2] [4] [5] [6]

Common Confusion

Related Reading

References

  1. Sies, H. (1985). Oxidative stress: Introductory remarks. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3901401/
  2. Sies, H., Berndt, C., & Jones, D. P. (2017). Oxidative stress. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441057/
  3. Halliwell, B. (2006). Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16500660/
  4. Finkel, T., & Holbrook, N. J. (2000). Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10935633/
  5. Sena, L. A., & Chandel, N. S. (2012). Physiological roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131636/
  6. López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23746838/
Note

This glossary entry is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.